Aurore Stroobants

Immunomodulatory properties of two wheat bran fractions - aleurone-enriched and crude fractions - in obese mice fed a high fat diet.

Several data suggest that fermentable dietary fibers could play a role in the control of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. In mice, dietary fructans, which are extensively fermented in caeco-colon by bifidobacteria, decrease fat mass development and modulate gastrointestinal peptides involved in the control of food intake (namely glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two cereal bran fractions isolated from wheat - aleurone-enriched and crude fractions - in a nutritional model of obesity. In a first experiment, we confirmed that 2 weeks of treatment with a high fat (HF) diet is sufficient to exhibit glucose intolerance and to increase adiposity in mice. In the second experiment, mice were fed a HF or a HF diet enriched with 10% wheat bran fractions during 3 weeks. None of the wheat bran fractions modified body weight, adipose tissue mass, glucose or lipid homeostasis. Wheat bran fractions increased bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the caecal content without any effect on caecal enlargement and on GLP-1 precursor expression in the colon. Furthermore, wheat bran fractions decreased circulating interleukin 6 (IL-6) and CD68 mRNA in the visceral adipose tissue, suggesting a decrease in recruited-tissue macrophages. We propose that specific and early immunomodulatory properties of cereal products with prebiotic properties, may occur in obese mice independently of extensive gut fermentation.

New carbohydrate-active enzymes identified by screening two metagenomic libraries derived from the soil of a winter wheat field

Soils are rich, diversified environments where β‐glucosidases abound because of their importance in organic matter degradation. The aim of this work was to discover new β‐glucosidases by constructing two metagenomic DNA libraries from soil samples collected in winter and spring from a field of winter wheat.

Isolation and Biomass Production of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Binding Copper and Zinc Ions

Copper and zinc are essential trace elements participating in many physiological functions, notably immunity and protection against oxidative stress. Yeasts and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular, possess in their genome tandem repeats of the CUP1 gene coding for a protein (a metallothionein) capable of capturing and binding toxic elements such as copper ions. The number of copies of this gene in a cell determines its physiological level of resistance to these ions. This paper describes the selection, characterization, and production of a new copper-resistant yeast strain that can bind large quantities of copper and zinc. This approach should lead to increasing the bioavailability of these trace elements and hence to reducing their emission into the environment.