Aušra Liučvaitienė

The Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Human Resource Management Strategy Development: A Case of Lithuanian Telecommunication Sector

1. Ivadas Paskutiniais desimtmeciais kito poziuris i bendrosios imones strategijos formavimo ir igyvendinimo sekmes bei personalo vaidmens saveika. Vis daugiau demesio skiriama integruotam zmogiskuju istekliu ir bendrosios imones strategijos traktavimui. Imta teigti, kad tai ne atskiri, bet tarpusavyje saveikaujantys valdymo elementai. Tokias nuomones visu pirma leme zmogiskojo veiksnio kaip kertinio veiksnio, galincio uztikrinti sekminga strateginiu sprendimu igyvendinima globalizacijos ir vis didejancios konkurencijos bei spartaus nauju technologiju vystymosi kontekste, reiksmes augimas. Zmogiskuju istekliu strategija tampa aktuali moksliniu tyrimu tema, nes kiekvienoje organizacijoje zmones yra laikomi svarbiu istekliu potencialo komponentu, leidzianciu realizuoti ir valdyti veikla. Mokslininkai, tyrineje zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijos aspektus, nepateikia vienos formalizuotos zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijos savokos, taciau isskiria tam tikrus pagrindinius bruozus. Vis delto reikia pazymeti, kad ivairiu organizaciju vadovai gali skirtingai interpretuoti strategini organizacijos valdyma, pateikti savo strategijos suvokima, o taikomus ilgalaikiu tikslu realizavimo budus laikyti geriausiais. Vyraujantis organizacijos vadovu poziuris i zmogiskuju istekliu valdyma organizacijoje, susiformavusi organizacine kultura ar kolektyvo klimatas gali tureti itaka strateginiam organizacijos valdymui ir zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijai. Zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategija galima rengti dviem budais: sukurti savo, naudojant turimas zinias ir atsizvelgiant i organizacijos veiksniu itaka, arba kopijuoti jau sukurta bei naudoti savo veikloje. Taciau abejotina, ar antruoju atveju parengta strategija nepareikalaus esminiu pakeitimu, priklausomai nuo organizacijai budingu bruozu ir veikimo aspektu. Bet kokiu atveju zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategija turi buti rengiama vadovaujantis tam tikra tvarka, kuri padetu atskleisti jos rengimo tiksla ir priemones, kuriomis bus pasinaudota ja realizuojant. Todel zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijos rengimas yra laikytinas aktualia vadybos problema, kuria reikia analizuoti bei tirti. Zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijai rengti tyrimui pasirinktas telekomunikaciniu paslaugu sektorius. Si pasirinkima leme keletas priezasciu. Pirma, analizuojant atskiras Lietuvos ekonomines veiklos rusis, pastebimos akivaizdzios telekomunikaciju sektoriaus pletros tendencijos. Neabejotina ir telekomunikaciju sektoriaus itaka salies ekonomikai. Antra, sio sektoriaus augimas akivaizdziai siejamas su zmogiskuoju potencialu ir jo vystymusi. Todel galima teigti, kad telekomunikacijos sektoriuje veikianciu bendroviu veiklos rezultatus lemia ne tik tinkamai parengtos verslo ar korporacijos strategijos, bet ir demesys, skiriamas zmogiskuju istekliu valdymui. Galima daryti prielaida, kad siose bendrovese tinkamu darbuotoju gebejimu tobulinimas ir zmogiskuju istekliu potencialo vertinimas turi didele itaka sekmingai veiklos pletrai. Tyrimo objektas--Lietuvos telekomunikaciju sektoriaus imoniu zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijos rengimas. Straipsnio tikslas--atlikti zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijos rengimo analize Lietuvos telekomunikaciju sektoriaus imonese bei numatyti zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijos rengimo tobulinimo galimybes. Atliekant tyrima buvo remiamasi bendraisiais mokslinio tyrimo metodais: sistemine ir logine analize bei anketine apklausa. 2. Strateginio zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo ir zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo strategijos koncepcija Strateginio zmogiskuju istekliu valdymo, analizuojancio zmogiskuju istekliu itaka ir reiksme imones verslo strategijai, kaip naujos moksliniu tyrimu srities atsiradimas, aiskiai parode jos nauda imonei. Anot Walker, strateginis planavimas turi buti siejamas su zmogiskuju istekliu planavimu (Walker 1978). Taciau neabejotinai pradzia siems tyrimams padare astuntajame desimtmetyje pasirodes Devanna, Fombrun ir Tichy straipsnis, kuriame analizuojamas rysys tarp verslo strategijos ir zmogiskuju istekliu (Devana et al. …The human resources are considered as the important factor, which makes a significant impact on the performance of the organization. Therefore, the development of human resource management strategy has become the topical issue in today’s business and academy world. The paper analyses the aspects of human resource management strategy development in telecommunication companies. The research has revealed that the majority of the telecommunication companies understand the necessity of the human resource management strategy. However, the development of human resource management strategy is restricted by the attitudes of high-level managers and behaviour of employees. The companies, which participated in the survey, partly follow the widely accepted strategy development models. On the other hand, the means for the strategy development and implementation are not clear and the strategy does not reflect the main attitudes toward human resource management. The paper presents the strategy development chart which creates the preconditions to tackle the problems indicated in the survey. At the end of the paper the results of the survey are summarized and the conclusions are presented.

Foreign Direct Investment Policy–Friendly Business Environment in R&D Sectors: Baltic States versus Visegrad Countries

This article examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) policy on inward FDI in the Visegrad and Baltic countries. The analysis of business environment highlights that the countries in both regions attempt to create a friendly business environment by means of similar methods. However, the countries in both regions focus on fiscal incentives such as taxes, which do not play a major role in attracting inward FDI in R&D. The results of attracting FDI are better in the Visegrad countries, which implement financial incentives toward inward FDI along with fiscal incentives. According to empirical analysis, it is noticed that a higher intervention level and a higher support level guarantee the volume of inward FDI. The countrys introduced FDI policy enables it to orient industry and to implement economic strategic targets. FDI policy does have an impact on promoting the development of the entire country.

The Impact of Scandinavian Inward Foreign Direct Investment on the Baltic States

Although foreign direct investment (hereinafter FDI) has been the matter of discussion since the early 1970s, it is still one of the most controversial topics in both economic and political terms. The intensity of FDI shows the host country’s openness to the foreign capital, its integration into the international market and economic growth. The proponents of the positive attitude state that foreign capital increases competitiveness and labour productivity in the host country and creates new jobs and the host country adopts new technologies. Other scientists are not so optimistic in respect of FDI impact. Inward FDI may be determined by political decisions of the host government. However, some researchers even point out that stimulation of FDI is harmful for the host economy. FDI promotion is acceptable if indirect initiatives are adopted and an appropriate legal system for controlling multinational corporations’ (hereinafter MNCs) activities exists. It is noticeable that the main negative consequence of activating inward FDI stimulation is that the host economy becomes dependent on a foreign capital over a certain period of time and MNCs have effect on decisions of the host government. Some studies show that the mobility of foreign capital may exist under an imperfect market conditions only. MNCs are likely to invest into economically weak countries benefiting from a low labour cost. Thus, under the present economic conditions, it is important to identify the benefits of FDI for the host country and to analyse MNC motives for investment.

Government expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide more reliable estimates of the relationship between government spending and economic growth in the European Union (EU) during the period of 1995-2015. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology consisted of several different stages. In the first stage for an assessment of dynamics of government spending and economic growth indicators over two decades, descriptive statistics analysis was employed. Correlation analysis helped to identify the relationships between government expenditures (GEs) and economic growth. In the third stage, for modeling the relationship and the estimation of causality between GE and economic growth, Granger causality testing was applied. Findings - The research indicated that eight EU countries have a significant relationship between government spending and economic growth. Research limitations/implications - This study has been bounded by general GE and economic growth only. The breakdowns of general GE on the basis of the activities they support have not been considered in this paper, which is the main limitation of the research. Despite the limitation, it might be maintained that the research highlights key relationships in the EU countries. Originality/value - These insights might be useful for policy makers. In countries with unidirectional causality running from GE to economic growth, the government can employ expenditure as a factor for growth. The governments should ensure that resources are properly managed and efficiently allocated to accelerate economic growth in the countries with unidirectional causality from GDP to GE.