Ayhan Ulubelen

Cardioactive and antibacterial terpenoids from some Salvia species

Seven Salvia species were investigated recently for their chemical and biological activities. Some terpenoidal compounds exhibited cardiovascular and antibacterial activities. A number of new diterpenoids were obtained and their structures were established through extensive spectral analysis.

Abietane diterpenoids and triterpenoic acids from Salvia cilicica and their antileishmanial activities

Bioguided-fractionation of an acetone extract of the roots of Salvia cilicica (Lamiaceae) led to isolation of two new diterpenes, 7-hydroxy-12-methoxy-20-nor-abieta-1,5(10),7,9,12-pentaen-6,14-dione and abieta-8,12-dien-11,14-dione (12-deoxy-royleanone), together with oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, ferruginol, inuroyoleanol and cryptanol. Their structures were determined spectroscopically, which included HREIMS and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. The new abietane derivatives showed appreciable in vitro antileishmanial activity against intracellular amastigote forms of both Leishmania donovani (IC(50) values of 170 and 120 nM, respectively) and Leishmania major (IC(50) values of 290 and 180 nM, respectively). The triterpenoic acids were found to be potently active against amastigote (IC(50) values of 7-120 nM) and moderately active against promastigote stages (IC(50) values of 51-137 nM) of the two Leishmania species.

Six sesquiterpene alcohol esters from ferula elaeochytris

Abstract Two new salicyloyl and angeloyl esters of jaeschkeanadiol, together with the known benzoic, p -hydroxybenzoic, p -methoxybenzoic and vanillic acid esters, were isolated from Ferula elaeochytris . A new ketone, 3-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone, was also obtained.

Chemical and biological evaluation of genus teucrium

Abstract The genus Teucrium is represented by about 300 species in the world and 27 species in Turkey, 8 of them being endemic. Teucrium species are rich source of neo-clerodane diterpenoids. Although several furanoid diterpenes with the neo-clerodane skeleton have been isolated from many plants, the genus Teucrium is the most abundant natural source of these compounds, therefore Teucrium species are accepted as chemotaxonomic markers for neo-clerodanes. Chemical investigations on this genus showed that some of the species also contain rearranged neo-clerodane or abietane diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes and steroids. Flavonoids and aromatic compounds, although not as abundant as in the genus Salvia from the same family, are also found in the genus Teucrium. In this review, general chemical properties of neo-clerodanes isolated from Teucrium species are given with their stereochemical studies. Teucrium species have been used for more than 2000 years as medicinal plants. They showed diuretic, diaphoretic, antiseptic and antipyretic activities. Antifeedant activities of some species previously studied against Spodeptera littoralis were presented herein. Teucrium species are used as hypoglycemic agents in North Africa and Saudi Arabia. They also possess antispasmolitic activity and used in the treatment of stomach aches. Some of the Teucrium extracts exhibited central nervous system depressant action.

Biological activities of a Turkish medicinal plant, Prangos platychlaena

Prangos platychlaena has been used in traditional medicine in eastern Turkey. It stops bleeding and heals the scars when applied externally. When the isolated coumarins were tested against bacterial strains, only a slight activity was obtained.

Abietane diterpenoids from Salvia pomifera

Five new and two known abietane diterpenoids were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia pomifera. The new compounds were established as pomiferin A–E and the known ones as ferruginyl 12-methyl ether and 18-hydroxy- 8,11,13-abieta-trien-7-one. Six known triterpenoids were also isolated.

Alkaloids and coumarins from Ruta chalepensis

Abstract The aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis yielded the alkaloids kokusaginine, skimmianine, arborinine, γ-fagarine, graveoline and the new alkaloid 3′-hydroxygraveoline, as well as the coumarins chalepensin, chalepin, rutamarin, bergapten, isopimpinellin and xanthotoxin. The structures were established by spectral methods and by TLC comparison with authentic samples where possible. Some alkaloids were tested for their effects on the prevention of early pregnancy in rats, but none was found to be active.

Terpenoids from Salvia palaestina

Abstract Six known terpenoids: vergatic acid, ursolic acid, crataegolic acid, lupane-3β-,11α, 20-triol, sclareol and sitosteryl 3β-glucoside were isolated from the leaves of Salvia palaestina and were identified by spectral data. Among the compounds, sclareol showed high activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , while the triterpenoids were not tested due to solubility problems.

Terpenoids and flavonoids from the aerial parts of Salvia candidissima

From the aerial parts of Salvia candidissima, a new diterpene, 3-oxosalvipisone, was obtained together with 11β-hydroxymanoyl oxide, 8,13-diepimanoyl oxide, spathulenol, salvigenin, crysoeriol, diosmetin and o,p-dimethoxybenzoic acid. The structure of the new compound, 3-oxosalvipisone was established by spectroscopic means, and the structure of 11β-hydroxymanoyl oxide was reinvestigated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies and confirmed by X-ray analysis.

Chemical and biological investigations of Salvia species growing in Turkey

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Salvia species that have been used as folk medicine since ancient times to cure tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes, coronary heart diseases, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, skin diseases, such as psoriasis and eczema, and have oestrogenic activity. Although sesquiterpenoids are rather rare in Salvia species, three sesquiterpene lactones—an eremophilanolide and two eudesmanolides—as well as caryophyllene oxide and (-)-glechomafiiran have been isolated from S. palaefolia. Turkish Salvia species contain mainly abietane type diterpenoids, while the majority of Salvia from the American continent has clerodane type diterpenoids. A new abietane diterpene heldrichinic acid has been isolated from S. heldreichiana Boiss. Sclareol is an important bioactive diterpene having different pharmacological and microbiological effects. Ferruginol, taxodione, horminone, and their derivatives are very common diterpenes of Salvia species, which have also been also isolated from numerous Turkish Salvia species possessing antimicrobial and antitumour activities.