Aymbiré Francisco Almeida da Fonseca

Parâmetros genéticos em café Conilon

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e obter as estimativas de parâmetros geneticos e nao geneticos de 40 materiais geneticos do programa de melhoramento genetico de cafe Conilon do Incaper, no Estado do Espirito Santo. Foram analisados dados de dois experimentos, nos municipios de Marilândia e Sooretama, ES, nas safras de 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 e 2002, em que se avaliaram 16 caracteristicas. Realizou-se, inicialmente, a analise de variância individual, por local em cada ano, com base na media de parcelas, em blocos ao acaso. Posteriormente foi feita a analise de variância conjunta. Os genotipos apresentaram grande variabilidade genetica para a maioria das caracteristicas avaliadas. Os elevados coeficientes de determinacao genotipico e coeficientes de variacao geneticos, associados as altas produtividades e a variabilidade genetica indicam a possibilidade de obtencao de exitos em programas de melhoramento genetico para diferentes caracteristicas avaliadas nos dois municipios.

Divergência genética em café conilon

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergencia genetica entre 32 clones de cafe conilon ( Coffea canephora Pierre ex Frohener) componentes de tres variedades clonais melhoradas, com vistas a identificacao dos mais dissimilares, para o estabelecimento de programas de cruzamentos dirigidos. A divergencia genetica foi avaliada por procedimentos multivariados: distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, metodo de agrupamento de otimizacao de Tocher e tecnica de variaveis canonicas. Sete caracteres foram avaliados em experimento conduzido em Marilândia, ES. Os genotipos ES 92, ES 25 e ES 22 sao os mais divergentes, sendo os dois ultimos os mais indicados para cruzamento com os demais, tendo em vista aliarem divergencia genetica a um bom desempenho produtivo.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade via regressão não paramétrica em genótipos de café

The objective of this work was to evaluate a methodology of phenotypic adaptability and stability analyses of coffee genotypes based on nonparametric regression. The technique used differs from other techniques because it reduces the influence of extreme points resulting from the presence of genotypes whose answers to a certain environment are too different on the estimation of the adaptability parameter. Data from an experiment studying the average yield of 40 coffee (Coffea canephora) genotypes in a randomized block design with six replicates were used to evaluate the method. The genotypes were evaluated along five years (1996, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001) in two locations (Sooretama and Marilândia, ES, Brazil), in a total of ten environments. The methodology proposed proved adequate and efficient, since it eliminates the disproportionate effects induced by the presence of extreme points and avoids misleading recommendations of genotypes in terms of adaptability.

Crop yield bienniality in groups of genotypes of conilon coffee

]Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Producao Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, CCA-UFES, Alto Universitario, Cx. P. 16, CEP: 29500-000, Alegre, Espirito Santo, Brazil. 2Departamento de Producao Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, CCA-UFES, Alto Universitario, Cx. P. 16, CEP: 29500-000, Alegre, Espirito Santo, Brazil. 3Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistencia Tecnica e Extensao Rural, INCAPER, Rua Afonso Sarlo, 160, Bento Fereira, CEP: 29052-010, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. 4Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, EMBRAPA CAFE/INCAPER, Parque Estacao Biologica, PqEB, s/n, CEP: 70770-901, Brasilia, Brazil.

COMPORTAMENTO DE PLANTAS DE CAFÉ ARÁBICA SUBMETIDAS A DÉFICIT HÍDRICO DURANTE O DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL

O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a influencia do deficit hidrico no desenvolvimento inicial da lavoura cafeeira, aplicado em diferentes epocas: 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias apos o transplantio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetacao, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e tres repeticoes. Os tratamentos consistiram na submissao das mudas transplantadas a deficits hidricos com duracao fixa de 30 dias, sendo D0 = sem deficit hidrico; D1 = plantas submetidas a deficit hidrico entre o 30o e 60o dia apos o transplantio; D2 = plantas submetidas a deficit hidrico entre o 60o e 90o dia apos o transplantio; D3 = plantas submetidas a deficit hidrico entre o 90o e 120o dia apos o transplantio e; D4 = plantas submetidas a deficit hidrico entre o 120o e 150o dia apos o transplantio. Apos 180 dias do transplantio avaliou-se a massa seca da parte aerea e do sistema radicular, a area foliar, o diâmetro da copa e altura das plantas. O efeito do deficit hidrico foi especialmente importante nas variaveis estudadas quando aplicado aos 30, 60 ou 90 dias apos o transplantio e nao influenciou de forma significativa as variaveis area foliar, diâmetro da copa e altura das plantas, quando aplicado aos 120 dias apos o transplantio.

Tolerance of arabica coffee cultivars for aluminum in nutritive solution

This work aimed to evaluate the Coffea arabica cultivars for aluminum toxicity tolerance, in modified Hoagland solution. A completely randomized design with five repetitions in a factorial 4 x 4 (cultivar x combinations of aluminum) was used. After 44 days of the sowing, were transferred ten seedlings each cultivar germinated in the absence of Al3+ to solution without Al3+, and ten for solution with Al3+; ten seedlings each cultivar germinated in presence of Al3+ to solution without Al3+, and ten for solution with Al3+. In the treatment with aluminum, the element was added to the nutritive solution in the concentration of 0.83 mmol L-1 as Al2(SO4)3.16H2O. The cultivars Catuai Amarelo IAC 62 and Iapar 59 were tolerant to the aluminum; cultivar Oeiras presented intermediate tolerance, while cultivar Obata IAC 1669-20 was sensitive. The tolerance of the coffee cultivars to the aluminum during the initial development of the seedlings did not depend on the presence of aluminum in the germination phase.

The consistency in the sensory analysis of coffees using Q-graders

The process of sensory evaluation is widely used in the coffee classification worldwide. This evaluation is popularly known as “Cupping Test” and constitutes the principal methodology to assess the final quality of the coffee drink. This study observed the effect of the interaction among Q-graders, as well as the coffee tasting process in the morning and in the afternoon. The study was conducted with trained tasters with Q-Grader certificates. The methodology followed the analysis protocol guidelines of the Specialty Coffee Association of America, SCAA, with the participation of two testing groups, each one with two Q-graders for the analysis. T Tests, followed by the Pearson’s correlation and the analysis of hierarchical grouping were used for the data analysis. The results indicate that the tasters have full capacity of evaluation, although there are variances in relation to the perceptions of the attributes that define the best coffees. The results also indicate that the effect of the shift, when isolated from interaction, interfere neither in the evaluation of the batches, nor the performance of the tasters; however, when associated with interaction (chatting), the analysis indicate distortions, highlighting the need of improving the techniques of sensory evaluation.

Accurate genomic prediction of Coffea canephora in multiple environments using whole-genome statistical models

Genomic selection has been proposed as the standard method to predict breeding values in animal and plant breeding. Although some crops have benefited from this methodology, studies in Coffea are still emerging. To date, there have been no studies describing how well genomic prediction models work across populations and environments for different complex traits in coffee. Considering that predictive models are based on biological and statistical assumptions, it is expected that their performance vary depending on how well these assumptions align with the true genetic architecture of the phenotype. To investigate this, we used data from two recurrent selection populations of Coffea canephora, evaluated in two locations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by Genotyping-by-Sequencing. In particular, we evaluated the performance of 13 statistical approaches to predict three important traits in the coffee—production of coffee beans, leaf rust incidence and yield of green beans. Analyses were performed for predictions within-environment, across locations and across populations to assess the reliability of genomic selection. Overall, differences in the prediction accuracy of the competing models were small, although the Bayesian methods showed a modest improvement over other methods, at the cost of more computation time. As expected, predictive accuracy for within-environment analysis, on average, were higher than predictions across locations and across populations. Our results support the potential of genomic selection to reshape traditional plant breeding schemes. In practice, we expect to increase the genetic gain per unit of time by reducing the length cycle of recurrent selection in coffee.