Ayşen Bodur

Specified Species in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Predict Bacterial Diversity

Background Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples may give information of unattached (planktonic) subgingival bacteria. Our study represents the first one targeting the identity of bacteria in GCF. Methodology/Principal Findings We determined bacterial species diversity in GCF samples of a group of periodontitis patients and delineated contributing bacterial and host-associated factors. Subgingival paper point (PP) samples from the same sites were taken for comparison. After DNA extraction, 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified and DNA-DNA hybridization was performed using a microarray for over 300 bacterial species or groups. Altogether 133 species from 41 genera and 8 phyla were detected with 9 to 62 and 18 to 64 species in GCF and PP samples, respectively, per patient. Projection to latent structures by means of partial least squares (PLS) was applied to the multivariate data analysis. PLS regression analysis showed that species of genera including Campylobacter, Selenomonas, Porphyromonas, Catonella, Tannerella, Dialister, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Eubacterium had significant positive correlations and the number of teeth with low-grade attachment loss a significant negative correlation to species diversity in GCF samples. OPLS/O2PLS discriminant analysis revealed significant positive correlations to GCF sample group membership for species of genera Campylobacter, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, Dialister, Tannerella, Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, Eubacterium, and Actinomyces. Conclusions/Significance Among a variety of detected species those traditionally classified as Gram-negative anaerobes growing in mature subgingival biofilms were the main predictors for species diversity in GCF samples as well as responsible for distinguishing GCF samples from PP samples. GCF bacteria may provide new prospects for studying dynamic properties of subgingival biofilms.

Neopterin Profile to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Treatment in Aggressive Periodontitis

Abstract Periodontal disease results from the interaction of the host defence mechanisms with the microbial dental plaque. Analysis of gingival crevicular Huid (GCF) provides a non-invasive means of evaluating the role of the host response in periodontal disease. Based on our previous study, demonstrating increased levels of neopterin in GCF and saliva from patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on the levels of neopterin in GCF, saliva and urine of patients with AgP. Pre-treatment values of neopterin in GCF were 4.04 ± 0.86 nmol/ml for the AgP group (n=8) and 2.68 ± 0.90 nmol/ml fyr the control group (n=8; difference not significant). After periodontal treatment, the level of ncoptei in was found 2.38 ± 0.72 nmol/ml in the patient group which did not differ f r om pre-treatment levels. The salivary neopterin concentration was higher in both AgP groups (14.14 ± 2.85 nmol/1 and 8.02 ± 3.12 nmol/1, before and after periodontal treatment) than in controls (2.58 ± 0.3 nmol/1; both p<0.05). No significant difference in salivary neopterin level was observed in patients before and after periodontal treatment. Concentrations of urine neopterin in patients before treatment were 188.5 ± 30.98 μηιοί neopterin/mol creatinine and 168.1 + 20.21 μηιοί in controls (difference not significant). Following periodontal treatment, the urinary neopterin levels (310.1 ± 39.82 μηιοί neopterin/mol creatinine) were higher when compared to the baseline levels and to controls (p<0.05). Our results suggest that neopterin in saliva and GCF might be associated with the periodontal diseases process.

The effect of periodontal therapy on neopterin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels in chronic periodontitis patients with and without acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study

Abstract The presence of neopterin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a marker for local and acute immune activation, and the presence of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in GCF is accepted as a marker for chronic vascular inflammation. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate effects of periodontal treatment on GCF levels of neopterin and VCAM-1 in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared with systemically healthy CP patients. Material and methods Sixty subjects (20 CP patients with AMI, 20 healthy CP patients, and 20 healthy controls) were included. GCF samples were analyzed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months, and the probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing, gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) indices were recorded. We determined neopterin and VCAM-1 levels (concentration and total amount) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant differences were seen between the AMI+CP and CP groups for PI, GI, GCF levels of neopterin and VCAM-1 at baseline. Results The number of teeth with 5 mm≤CAL<7 mm and CAL≥7 mm were significantly increased in the AMI+CP group at baseline. There were no significant differences between the AMI+CP and CP for PI, CAL, GCF volumes, and the AMI+CP group had the highest clinical improvement in the number of teeth with 5 mm≤CAL<7 mm at the sixth month. There were significant positive correlations between clinical periodontal inflammation and the presence of neopterin and VCAM-1 in GCF prior to and following periodontal treatment, and between the GCF volume and clinical parameters. Conclusions Data suggest that the total amount and concentration of neopterin and VCAM-1 in GCF seemed to be closely associated with periodontal disease severity in CP patients with AMI. Moreover, the results of our study demonstrate that the past periodontal status is potentially correlated between groups, with similar periodontal disease severity.

Loss of Permanent Central Incisors in a 9 Year-Old Girl Due to Severe Periodontal Damage with an Unusual Etiology: Case Report

Elastic bands have been widely used to create tooth movement during orthodontic treatment for many years. However, several reports regarding periodontal destruction due to the improper use of elastic bands have been reported in the dental literature. This case report presents the unusual case of severe localized periodontal destruction induced accidentally by an elastic band in a 9-year-old girl who was under antidepressant treatment. The patient had no previous history of any orthodontic treatment. She revealed that she had applied her brother’s elastic band to her maxillary central incisors. Given the clinical and radiographic signs, both incisors required extraction. Prosthetic reconstruction was accomplished. Periodontal lesions caused by foreign bodies can be difficult to diagnose, since most plastic foreign bodies are not opaque on radiographs. Therefore dentists should be aware that the presence of a foreign body might be the potential cause of periodontal destruction progressed rapidly in healthy children.

Determination of Neopterin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF)

Neopterin, which is a pyrazino-(2,3-d) pyrimidine compound, belongs to the class of pteridines. Although no clearly known physiological role has been attributed to this substance that occurs ubiquitously in living cells, it is an indicator for the activation of cell mediated immune reactions (1). Thl cells produce IL-2 and IFN-γ promoting defense reactions that are mediated by macrophages and T cells. Determination of neopterin concentrations in diverse body fluids such as urine, saliva, synovial fluids, cerebrospinal fluids have been done by many researchers, may be an early diagnostic and prognostic parameter in periodontal diseases as well as various pathologies (2), but there has been no data so far in GCF neopterin in normal and pathologic conditions. However, bacteria and their byproducts are the principle etiological agents in inflammatory status of periodontal disorders. The inflammatory reaction spreads to involve the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and to the soft tissue that separates from the tooth surface causing pocket formation (3). In periodontal disease, the products of inflammatory response taking place within the periodontium can be found in GCF (4, 5, 6). Therefore, the main aim of this study is to establish a method for the determination of neopterin levels in GCF as well as in urine and saliva, and determine whether there is a correlation among these biological materials.