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Effect of periodontal treatment on IL‐1β, IL‐1ra, and IL‐10 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with aggressive periodontitis

AIM The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phase I periodontal treatment on the levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1ra, and IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were obtained from 15 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 15 healthy controls. GCF was collected from at least four pre-selected sites (one shallow, at least two moderate, or at least one deep pockets) in patients with G-AgP. In the healthy group, GCF samples were collected from one site. The cytokine levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival and plaque indices, and bleeding on probing were measured. The GCF sampling and clinical measurements were recorded at baseline and 6 weeks later after periodontal treatment. RESULTS IL-1beta levels were significantly higher at the moderate and deep pocket sites compared with the shallow sites (p<0.05). After periodontal therapy, IL-1beta levels were significantly reduced in the moderate and deep pocket sites (p<0.05). IL-1ra levels at baseline of the moderate and deep pocket sites were significantly lower than the control sites (p<0.05). IL-10 levels were similar in all pockets and did not change after periodontal therapy. CONCLUSIONS The periodontal treatment improves the clinical parameters in G-AgP, and this improvement is evident in deep pocket sites for pocket depth and CAL values. These results confirm that IL-1beta is effective for evaluating the periodontal inflammation and can thus be used as a laboratory tool for assessing the activity of periodontal disease.

N-acetylcysteine, a thiol antioxidant, decreases alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphometric and histopathologic changes associated with experimental periodontitis in rats in response to systemic administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). METHODS Forty-three Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups: non-ligated (NL) group (n = 10), ligature only (LO) group (n = 10), and groups that were administered NAC systemically (7, 35, or 70 mg/kg body weight per day [NAC7, NAC35, and NAC70 groups, respectively]; n = 8, 9, and 6). Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin of the lower first molars in a mandibular quadrant. The study duration was 11 days, and the animals were sacrificed at the end of this period. Changes in alveolar bone levels were measured clinically and tissues were histopathologically examined to assess the differences among the study groups. RESULTS At the end of 11 days, the alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the LO group compared to NL, NAC7, NAC35, and NAC70 groups (P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the osteoclast numbers among the study groups (P >0.05), whereas the effect of NAC was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION NAC prevented alveolar bone loss in the rat model, in a dose-dependent manner, when administered systemically.

Alendronate enhances osseous healing in a rat calvarial defect model

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alendronate on osseous wound healing in an experimental model. METHODS Critical size defects were created in calvaria of 40 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups of 10 animals each: autogenous bone graft group; autogenous bone graft with systemic alendronate group (0.01 mg/kg body weight per day for 8 weeks); autogenous bone graft with local alendronate group (1mg/mL for 5 min); non-treatment (control) group. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks; osteoblast number, lamellar bone formation, and area of newly formed bone were analysed. RESULTS The osteoblast number significantly increased in the autogenous bone graft with local alendronate group compared to the autogenous bone graft group (p<0.05). Both systemic and local application of the alendronate significantly increased the new bone formation compared to the autogenous bone graft group (p<0.05) with no significant difference between local or systemic use (p>0.05). Local alendronate and autogenous bone graft use significantly increased the total bone area compared to autogenous bone graft alone (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Alendronate enhances the new bone formation by autogenous bone graft in the rat calvarial defect model suggesting that the inhibition of the osteoclastic activity allows an increased rate of bone apposition, which could be applicable to the inflammation-induced destruction of the periodontal tissues during disease.

Neopterin Profile to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Treatment in Aggressive Periodontitis

Abstract Periodontal disease results from the interaction of the host defence mechanisms with the microbial dental plaque. Analysis of gingival crevicular Huid (GCF) provides a non-invasive means of evaluating the role of the host response in periodontal disease. Based on our previous study, demonstrating increased levels of neopterin in GCF and saliva from patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on the levels of neopterin in GCF, saliva and urine of patients with AgP. Pre-treatment values of neopterin in GCF were 4.04 ± 0.86 nmol/ml for the AgP group (n=8) and 2.68 ± 0.90 nmol/ml fyr the control group (n=8; difference not significant). After periodontal treatment, the level of ncoptei in was found 2.38 ± 0.72 nmol/ml in the patient group which did not differ f r om pre-treatment levels. The salivary neopterin concentration was higher in both AgP groups (14.14 ± 2.85 nmol/1 and 8.02 ± 3.12 nmol/1, before and after periodontal treatment) than in controls (2.58 ± 0.3 nmol/1; both p<0.05). No significant difference in salivary neopterin level was observed in patients before and after periodontal treatment. Concentrations of urine neopterin in patients before treatment were 188.5 ± 30.98 μηιοί neopterin/mol creatinine and 168.1 + 20.21 μηιοί in controls (difference not significant). Following periodontal treatment, the urinary neopterin levels (310.1 ± 39.82 μηιοί neopterin/mol creatinine) were higher when compared to the baseline levels and to controls (p<0.05). Our results suggest that neopterin in saliva and GCF might be associated with the periodontal diseases process.

Histologic and histomorphometric assessment of eggshell-derived bone graft substitutes on bone healing in rats

Objective: The objective of this study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the efficacy of the new formulations of eggshell-derived calcium carbonate in rats. Study Design: The study was conducted on 30 adult male rats. Four standardized and circular intrabony defects were created in the both maxilla and mandibula of each animal. Three different graft materials were prepared as follows: 1) Material A: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate combined with carrageenan gel, 2) Material B: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate combined with xanthan gum gel, and 3) Material C: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate powder. The right mandibular defect sites were grafted with Material A in all animals, and defects on the left were grafted with Material B. Defects on the right side of maxilla were received Material C in all animals, and all left maxillary defects were remained untreated as controls. The animals were sacrificed either postoperatively on the 15th day, postoperatively on the 30th day or postoperatively on the 45th day. Histomorphometric measurements were made of the areas of newly formed bone, necrotic bone, fibrous tissue and residual graft material. Results: Material A exhibited the highest level of osteoid formation followed by Material B and Material C on the 45th day. In terms of osteoid formation, statistically significant differences were observed between graft materials and controls at 45th day compared to 15th and 30th day (p<0.05). Conclusions: Eggshell-derived graft substitutes in both gel and powder forms are biocompatible materials which may have the potential to enhance the new bone formation. Key words:Bone graft material, bone defects, eggshell, histopathological evaluation, rat.

Immunoexpression of p38 Mitogen-Activated Proteinkinase in Patients with Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis

The influence of p38 mitogen-activated proteinkinase (MAPK) expression in the development and progression of periodontal disease is currently under investigation. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the p38 MAPK expression in gingival tissues correlates with IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Twenty patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 15 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and 10 healthy subjects (H) were enrolled in the study. Clinical data, gingival tissue biopsies and GCF samples were collected. The expression of p38 was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The levels of IL-1β in GCF were measured using ELISA. Mean clinical parameters and GCF volumes were statistically higher in patients with GAgP and GCP compared to H subjects. Higher levels of IL-1β were found in both periodontitis groups. The p38 expression was significantly increased in inflamed gingival tissues. There were no statistically significant differences in levels of IL-1β and p38 expression between subjects with GAgP and GCP. Our data support the hypothesis that MAPK signaling pathway is an additional player in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This is the first report to evaluate the involvement of p38 MAPK in patients with GAgP and GCP which might be, in part, considered of value in understanding disease mechanisms.

Sigara içen ve içmeyen kronik periodontitisli hastalarda başlangıç periodontal tedavinin dişeti oluğu sıvısı myeloperoksidaz seviyeleri üzerine etkisi

Amac: Sigara kullan m , periodontal hastal klar n ba lamas nda ve ilerlemesinde onemli cevresel risk faktorudur. Bu cal mada kronik periodontitis te hisi konulmu hastalarda sigaran n, ba lang c periodontal tedavinin klinik parametreler ve di eti olu u s v s (DOS) myeloperoksidaz (MPO) duzeylerine etkisininin de erlendirilmesi amaclanmaktad r. Gerec ve Yontem: Cal maya kronik periodontitis tan s konmu ,sigara icen 17 (ya ortalamas 44,6 ± 6.0) hasta ile sigara icmeyen 18 (ya ortalamas 42,3 ± 3,2) hasta olmak uzere toplam 35 birey dahil edildi. Hastalar n klinik de erlendirilmesinde ba lang c ve 1. ayda plak indeksi (P3) ve gingival indeks (G3), sondalama cep derinli i (SCD), klinik ata man seviyesi (AS) olcumleri yap ld . Ust cene anterior bolgeden cep derinli i 94mm sahip 4 bolgeden di eti olu u s v s topland . DOS orneklerinin MPO iceri i, kinetik spektrofotometrik yontemle tayin edildi. Bulgular: Ba lang cta sigara icen ve icmeyen gruplar aras nda klinik parametreler ac s ndan fark bulunamad . Periodontal tedavi sonras nda ba lang ca gore klinik parametrelerde sigara icen ve icmeyen grupta anlaml derecede azalma gozlendi. Periodontal tedavi sonras nda sigara icen gruba gore sigara icmeyen grupta daha fazla iyile me gozlendi. DOS MPO aktivitesinde tedavi sonras nda sigara icmeyen grupta anlamlgozlenirken sigara icen grupta fark gozlenmedi. derecede azalma Sonuc: Bu cal man n s n rlar icerisinde, sigaran n periodontal tedavi sonras nda iyile meyi olumsuz yonde etkiledi i gozlenmi tir

Determination of Neopterin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF)

Neopterin, which is a pyrazino-(2,3-d) pyrimidine compound, belongs to the class of pteridines. Although no clearly known physiological role has been attributed to this substance that occurs ubiquitously in living cells, it is an indicator for the activation of cell mediated immune reactions (1). Thl cells produce IL-2 and IFN-γ promoting defense reactions that are mediated by macrophages and T cells. Determination of neopterin concentrations in diverse body fluids such as urine, saliva, synovial fluids, cerebrospinal fluids have been done by many researchers, may be an early diagnostic and prognostic parameter in periodontal diseases as well as various pathologies (2), but there has been no data so far in GCF neopterin in normal and pathologic conditions. However, bacteria and their byproducts are the principle etiological agents in inflammatory status of periodontal disorders. The inflammatory reaction spreads to involve the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and to the soft tissue that separates from the tooth surface causing pocket formation (3). In periodontal disease, the products of inflammatory response taking place within the periodontium can be found in GCF (4, 5, 6). Therefore, the main aim of this study is to establish a method for the determination of neopterin levels in GCF as well as in urine and saliva, and determine whether there is a correlation among these biological materials.