Azarias Machado de Andrade

Carbonização de resíduos do processamento mecânico da madeira de eucalipto.

Eucalyptus urophylla wood and three residues of the mechanical processing of Eucalyptus spp wood (chips, peels and shaving wood) were carbonized under maximum temperatures of 400 o C and 600 o C. The yield in charcoal and carbon, besides the content of condensed gases, non-condensed gases, volatile materials, ash and fixed carbon were estimated. The chips, when submitted to the pyrolysis in the maximum temperature of 600 o C, resulted in the best energetic properties, in comparison to the other residues of the mechanical processing of the eucalypt wood ( Eucalyptus spp) and Eucalyptus urophylla log.

Pirólise de resíduos do coco-da-baía (Cocos nucifera Linn) e análise do carvão vegetal

The objective of this work was to carry out the pyrolysis of coconut residues (Cocos nucifera Linn) and to perform the chemical analysis of charcoal. Charcoal, pirogalyc liquid and non-condensed gases were produced under maximum temperatures of 350oC, 450oC and 550oC. The whole coconut and its endocarp were pyrolysed (ripe and unripe), having as reference the charcoal derived from eucalyptus log (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). The gravimetrical yield of whole coconut charcoal pyrolysed under maximum temperature of 350oC, was superior to the other treatments. The largest yields of condensed gases were obtained from pyrolysis of unripe endocarp under the three pyrolysis temperatures. The highest levels of fixed carbon were given by charcoal derived from ripe endocarp, pyrolysed under maximum temperatures of 450o C and 550oC. There was equal statistical response between fixed carbon yield from ripe endocarp charcoal and from eucalyptus log, pyrolysed in all the three maximum temperatures analyzed, and whole coconut pyrolysed under 450oC and 550oC.The objective of this work was to carry out the pyrolysis of coconut residues (Cocos nucifera Linn) and to perform the chemical analysis of charcoal. Charcoal, pirogalyc liquid and non-condensed gases were produced under maximum temperatures of 350oC, 450oC and 550oC. The whole coconut and its endocarp were pyrolysed (ripe and unripe), having as reference the charcoal derived from eucalyptus log (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). The gravimetrical yield of whole coconut charcoal pyrolysed under maximum temperature of 350oC, was superior to the other treatments. The largest yields of condensed gases were obtained from pyrolysis of unripe endocarp under the three pyrolysis temperatures. The highest levels of fixed carbon were given by charcoal derived from ripe endocarp, pyrolysed under maximum temperatures of 450o C and 550oC. There was equal statistical response between fixed carbon yield from ripe endocarp charcoal and from eucalyptus log, pyrolysed in all the three maximum temperatures analyzed, and whole coconut pyrolysed under 450oC and 550oC.

Quality of Eucalyptus Wood Grown in Rio de Janeiro State for Bioenergy

This study aimed to evaluate the Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna, from production areas of Rio de Janeiro State, intended for energy use. The selection consisted of six trees per specie, at six years old. The wood samples had its basic density determined, then, was subjected to the pyrolysis process with 500 °C of final temperature. Charcoal, pyroligneous liquid and non-condensable gases yields were determined. In addition, the charcoal had its immediate analysis performed to determine the levels of volatiles matter, fixed carbon and ash content. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and principal component analysis. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were effective to predict recommended species. Based on the results, the most recommended specie for energy purposes was the Eucalyptus grandis.

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE ORGANIC PHASE EXTRACTED FROM CHARCOAL FOR BARBECUE

1 Received on 12.12.2015 accepted for publication on 11.10.2017. 2 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES Brasil. E-mail: <ananiasjr@usp.br>. 3 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Curso de Engenharia Florestal, Jataí, GO Brasil. E-mail: <crandrade@usp.br>. 4 Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Piracicaba, SP Brasil. E-mail: <jobrito@usp.br> and <ssplira@usp.br>. 5 Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Produtos Florestais, Seropedica, RJ Brasil. E-mail: <azarias@ufrrj.br> and <natdias@hotmail.com>. *Corresponding author.

POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE WOODS LEUCENA (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA) AND PAU-JACARÉ (PIPTADENIA GONOACANTHA)

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the energetic potentialities of leucena woods ( Leucaena leucocephala ) and pau-jacare ( Piptadenia gonoacantha ), species with good indices of productivity and interesting silviculturais characteristics using as comparison the eucalipto wood ( Eucalyptus grandis ). The woody materials were pyrolysed to the temperatures of 400 o C and 600 o C in an oven mufla properly adapted. Soon after, the average revenues in vegetable coal, in fixed carbon, condensable gases and incondensaveis, observed after the pyrolysis were compared to each other. From the analysis of the data was possible to verify that, in terms of absolute, the biggest average gravimetric revenue, of 30,48%, was introduced by the vegetable coal of the firewood of the pau-jacare ( P. gonoacantha ), pyrolysed to the temperature 400 o C and when pyrolysed to the temperatures of 400 o C and 600 o C, they introduced revenues in fixed lightly better carbon to the of the two other species. Considering itself that the revenue in fixed carbon is a variable that drift of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the coal, it can conclude that the pau-jacare ( P. gonoacantha ), among the analyzed species, it is in excess nominee to supply material to be used as fuel, so much in the firewood form as of vegetable coal.