B. F. B. Sampaio

Avaliação biométrica do casco de cavalos de esporte das modalidades hipismo, tambor, laço comprido e pólo

This study aimed to evaluate, through biometry, the forelimb hoof of horses participating in show jumping, barrel, long rope and polo competitions. Thirty subjects were assessed in relation to each competition (total of 120 animals). The linear measurements (cm) included the dorsal length of the toe; medial and lateral lengths of the quarter; medial and lateral heights of the quarter; lateral and medial lengths of the heel; medial and lateral heights of the heel; hoof length; hoof width; frog length; and frog width. The following angles (°) were measured: toe angle, pastern angle, heel angle and shoulder palette. The length of the horseshoe, coronet circumference and body weight were also assessed. With the use of hoof biometric evaluation was possible to identify the imbalances of forelimb in athletic horses and the most common were broken-backward hoof angle, with 96.7% of the animals showing this in the right forelimb (RFL) and 95.8% in the left forelimb (LFL); and contracted heels, with 95.0% in the RFL and 87.6% in the LFL. The competition type in which greatest numbers of hoof balance abnormalities were shown was the long rope, followed by the barrel. There were high frequencies of medial/lateral imbalance in all the sports. We conclude that animals used in functional tests have a high incidence of hoof balance abnormalities in the forelimbs.

Effects of a Caudal Epidural Anesthesia Using Midazolam With or Without Lidocaine to Perform an Endometrial Biopsy in Mares

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of midazolam in combination with lidocaine to induce caudal analgesia and cervical dilation to facilitate endometrial biopsy procedures. Eighteen mares undergoing endometrial biopsy were randomly allocated to three treatments groups that received epidural anesthesia (n = 6): 0.9% saline solution (SS) (6 mL, control group); midazolam maleate (MID) (0.05 mg/kg); and midazolam maleate (0.05 mg/kg) plus 2% lidocaine (MIDLID) (0.1 mg/kg). Systemic parameters, behavior, and motor blockade were measured at baseline and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes after treatments. A subjective score system was used to assess pain and cervical dilation during the reproductive procedures at the same time points. Satisfactory analgesia was recorded for both epidural midazolam treatment groups 8 ± 4 minutes postadministration of the drug; analgesia remained satisfactory until the end of the trial period (60 minutes, P > .05). All animals in the control group showed evident pain (P = .001) due to the analgesic tests and reproductive procedures. Cervical dilation (P = .0001) occurred 20 minutes after epidural injections for both treatment groups with midazolam, but this effect did not occur in the control treatment group. Systemic effects were not observed (P > .05) in baseline values or among treatment groups following caudal epidural administration of midazolam or midazolam/lidocaine treatments. Epidural analgesia using midazolam alone or the combination of midazolam and lidocaine may be a good alternative for painful reproductive and gynecologic procedures in mares. HighlightsWe evaluated whether the administration of caudal epidural anesthesia with midazolam, with or without lidocaine, improves well‐being in mares submitted to endometrial biopsies.We evaluated whether the combination of midazolam and lidocaine administered epidurally facilitate cervical dilatation in mares undergoing endometrial biopsy.Evaluation of analgesia, behavior, and motor blockade and possible systemic effects of the combination of midazolam with lidocaine administered epidurally in mares undergoing endometrial biopsy.

Testicular echotexture is not a viable method to indirectly evaluate the spermatogenic parameters in Nelore bulls

espanolRESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la ecotextura testicular de los toros Nelore y correlacionarlo con los parametros de espermatogenesis. Para este proposito, 41 toros de edades de 3-5 anos y con pesos corporales en el intervalo de 510,2 ± 21,61 kg fueron seleccionados para el estudio. Los toros se sometieron a ecografia, utilizando un dispositivo portatil junto con un transductor lineal a una frecuencia de 7,5 MHz. Inmediatamente despues, los animales fueron castrados, y el tejido testicular se trato con Karnovsky fijador. Los fragmentos testiculares se incluyeron en metacrilato de glicol y se tineron con una solucion de borato de sodio-azul de toluidina al 1%. La intensidad media de pixeles en el parenquima testicular se determino para secciones de superficie de 1.600 mm2. Los El area entre los dos testiculos derecho e izquierdo dieron lugar a la intensidad media de los pixeles de 105,22 ± 13,58, 107,95 ± 12,82 y 106,59 ± 11,43, respectivamente. El coeficiente de eficiencia de la mitosis espermatogonial fue 19,74; Indice meiotico fue 2,63, y el rendimiento global del espermatogenesis alcanzo el 52,0. No se observo correlacion (P>0,05) entre ecotextura testicular y cualquiera de los parametros morfometricos medidos. Estos resultados sugieren que ecotextura testicular no es un metodo viable para el analisis indirecto de la poblacion celular en el epitelio seminifero, el rendimiento de la espermatogenesis intrinseco, o el indice de celulas de Sertoli en toros Nelore. EnglishABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the testicular echotexture of Nelore bulls and to correlate it with spermatogenic parameters. Forty one bulls aged 3-5 years, with body weight of 510.2 ± 21.61 kg were selected for the study. The animals were subjected to ultrasonography, using a portable device coupled with a linear transducer at a frequency of 7.5 MHz. Immediately afterwards they were castrated and the testicular tissue was treated with Karnovsky fixative. Next, the fragments were embedded in glycol methacrylate and stained with toluidine blue-1% sodium borate solution. The average pixel intensity in the testicular parenchyma was determined for 1,600-mm2 surface sections. The right and left testicles and the area between the two testicles resulted in average pixel intensities of 105.22 ± 13.58, 107.95 ± 12.82, and 106.59 ± 11.43, respectively. The efficiency coefficient of spermatogonial mitosis was 19.74; meiotic index was 2.63, and overall yield of spermatogenesis was 52.0. No correlation (P>0.05) was observed between testicular echotexture and any of the measured morphometric parameters. These results suggest that testicular echotexture was not a viable method for the indirect analysis of cellular population in the seminiferous epithelium, intrinsic spermatogenic performance, or the Sertoli cell index in Nelore bulls.