B.P. Tolochko

Fast, parallax-free, one-coordinate X-ray detector OD3

Abstract A second version of fast, parallax-free, one-coordinate X-ray detector OD3.2 destined for X-ray diffraction experiments is presented. The construction, basic principles of operation, results of the test with isotopic source 55Fe and X-ray beam test are being discussed.

THE STATION FOR TIME-RESOLVED INVESTIGATION IN WIDE AND SMALL ANGLES OF DIFFRACTION

Abstract The description of the experimental station installed on 5-b th beam line of VEPP-3 storage ring (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk) is presented. The synchrotron radiation (SR) from viggler generating 2 beams is used. The station is intended for X-ray diffraction research of various biological objects and other materials in small and wide diffraction angles.

Structure changes in the sol–gel systems of hydrated oxides

This work was undertaken partly with financial support of the RBRF of the Ministry of Science of the Russian Government (N95-03-09682a) and partly with financial support of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (MONBUSHO) of the Government of Japan.Sols of hydrated aluminium oxide, hydrated zirconium oxide and their mixtures were investigated during the xerogel-amorphous-product-crystalline-product transition by SAXS using synchrotron radiation. In the different temperature regions certain changes in structure and morphology were observed. Some correlation between the characteristics of the initial sols and their mixtures (the size and shape of the pores) was observed. In the temperature region 298-1173 K the characteristics of the mixed sol are defined by the characteristics of the initial sols.

A station for studying solid-state chemical reactions by the Laue method

Abstract A station for studying solid-state chemical reactions by the X-ray diffraction Laue method is described. A two-coordinate position-sensitive X-ray detector is used as the registration device. In the reaction chamber the sample is kept at a controlled temperature and under pressure of a gaseous atmosphere (or vacuum). The possibility of investigating the kinetics during solid-state chemical reactions is shown for the example of crystal hydrate dehydration in vacuum.

Thermal decomposition of crystal hydrates by the Laue method

A method is developed to study the reaction interface during thermal decomposition topochemical processes. Requirements and limitations imposed on this method are considered. The possibility of using the synchrotron radiation space-resolved diffractometry method for solving solid-state chemistry problems is shown for an example of dehydration of the crystal hydrate CaSO4∗2H2O. A computer simulation is proposed for the interpretation of changes in the reaction interface.

A study of the sol-gel process of sols of hydrated oxides by SAXS using synchrotron radiation

Abstract Sols of some electrochemically produced hydrated oxides (original sols) and their mixtures (binary sols) are studied by SAXS using synchrotron radiation (SR). The presence of 1–2 nm scattering entities (primary particles) is a characteristic property of the investigated sols. During gelation and concentration of the original sols the interparticle distance varies in different ways. The binary sols gelate without concentration of the system. Particles with different sizes are observed in the binary sols. It is possible to separate two sections (time intervals) on the kinetic curves of the structural parameters concerning the changes in the binary sols.

Portable high precision small/wide angle X-ray scattering diffractometer

AbstractTheportablehighprecisionsmall/wideangleX-rayscatteringdiffractometer(modifiedBonze–Hartopticalscheme)was designed and developed for the investigation of structure rearrangement during liquid state–solid statetransformations (with reaction time of 10h or more) for the investigation of the process of solid state phaseformation.TheFEMdetectorsareusedasmonitoranddetector.ThedoublecrystalSi 111 analyzer(withchangeablerelative angle of the second crystal) is used as analyzer. All controlling electronics are designed in CAMAC. ThediffractometeriscontrolledbyaSunSPARCStationwithSVIC/VCCmodulesunderaSolaris2.4operatingsystem,and allows one to obtain the SAXS curves with accuracies (on s-vector for photon energy 8keV) of aboutds 0.002nm 1 , s min 0.005nm 1 (scattering centers with the size of about 200–500nm may be observed) ands max 50nm 1 (scatteringangleisabout808).# 2001ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved. PACS:07.85.Qe;07.85.Jy;07.05.Hd;07.85.KfKeywords:Synchrotronradiation;SAXS;Diffractometer;Dataacquisition;Dataanalysis

The data acquisition and on-line visualisation system for the OD-3 fast one-coordinate X-ray detector

Abstract The data acquisition and on-line visualisation system is based on a Sun SPARCstation running the Solaris 2.x [1] operating system. The station is connected via VICbus [2] to the electronics housed in the CAMAC crate. The system provides flexible configuration facilities. It uses new calibration algorthms and has a friendly GUI based on MOTIF. The system archives the data in a portable format.

Use of synchrotron radiation for studying the mechanisms of solid state reactions

The possibilities and advantages of synchrotron radiation (SR) techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), anomalous scattering) are demonstrated on diverse examples. It is shown that SR methods allow the attainment of new information about solid state reactions. High intensity X-rays were used to study the structure of the reaction zone for topochemical transformations and the kinetics of phase formation in solid-solid and sol-gel processes in situ.

Fast parallax-free, one-coordinate X-ray detector OD120 with the registration angle up to 360°

AbstractTheprojectofthefastparallax-free,one-coordinateX-raydetectorOD120withtheregistrationangleupto3601 ispresented.Theoperationprinciplesandsimulationresultsarediscussed.Thecalculatedangularresolutionofthedetectoris0:3 10 @3 radforthefocaldistanceof350mm.r 2001ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved. PACS:00.07.05.Kf;00.07.05.Tp;00.07.85.FvKeywords:X-ray;Gaseous;Detector 1. IntroductionSynchrotron radiation (SR) has long beenwidelyusedinphysics,chemistryandbiologyforstudies of the development and modificationdynamics of various objects as well as of theirstructureandfeatures.Diffractionexperimentsareone of the synchrotron radiation applications.Gaseous X-ray detectors are often used forregistrationofscatteredg-quantaintheseexperi-ments[1,2].TheOD3detector[3,4]wasdevelopedattheBudkerINPinthemid-90s.AtpresentthesedetectorsoperatesuccessfullyinfewinternationalSRcenters,namely,onthesynchrotronradiationbeamofVEPP3storageringatBINP,atSiberiaSRCenterinNovosibirsk,atthePhotonFactoryofKEKandSPring8inJapan.Thisdetectorisoptimized for registration of g-quanta in theenergyrange5–10keV,withanefficiencyofabout30% for the photon energy E