B. Satrani

Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de l’activité antibactérienne et antifongique et de la composition chimique des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc. Les échantillons de Thymus capitatus ont fourni le rendement le plus élevé: 2,05 % contre 1,75 % pour Thymus bleicherianus. Les analyses chromatographiques (CG et CG/SM) ont montré que l’huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus contient le carvacrol (70,92 %) comme constituant majoritaire et que celle de Thymus bleicherianus est dominée par l’a-terpinène (42,20 %) et le thymol (23,90 %). L’activité antimicrobienne des deux huiles essentielles a été étudiée vis-à-vis de sept micro-organismes. Pour l’huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus, Bacillus subtilus et Penicillium expansum sont les plus sensibles, ils ont été inhibés à partir de 1/3000 v/v. Quant à l’huile essentielle de Thymus bleicherianus, toutes les souches bactériennes ont été inhibées à faible concentration de 1/2000 v/v. Cette bioactivité est due principalement à la richesse de ces essences en carvacrol et en thymol qui sont connus pour leur efficacité contre les agents microbiens. L’effet inhibiteur de ces huiles sur le développement bactérien et fongique laisse entrevoir des perspectives d’application dans les domaines de l’industrie alimentaire, cosmétique et pharmaceutique.AbstractThis work studies the chemical composition and antifungal and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Moroccan Thymus capitatus and Thymus bleicherianus. The samples of Thymus capitatus provided the highest yield: 2.05 % as against 1.75% for Thymus bleicherianus. The chromatographic analyses (GC and GC/MS) showed that the main constituent of essential oil of Thymus capitatus is carvacrol (70.92 %), while essential oil of Thymus bleicherianus contains mainly α-terpinene (42.2%) and thymol (23.9%). Antimicrobial activity of the two essential oils was studied with respect to seven microorganisms. For essential oil of Thymus capitatus, Bacillus subtilus and Penicillium expansum were most sensitive, being inhibited as from 1/3000 v/v. As for essential oil of Thymus bleicherianus, however, all bacterial strains were inhibited at concentrations as weak as 1/2000 v/v. This bioactivity is due mainly to their high carvacrol and thymol content, substances known for their effectiveness against microbial agents. The inhibiting effect of these oils on bacterial and fungal development indicates their potential use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne de l'essence de térébenthine du pin maritime (Pinus pinaster) et du pin d'Alep (Pinus hale- pensis) du Maroc

Abstract This work tries to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the turpentine of two moroccan pines species, the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) from Mamora and the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) from Rommani. The gum object of this study comes from a sample of 40 trees of every pine species. The turpentines chemical composition of these two species is characterized by a high percentage of α-pinene as main compound: 77% and 89% are respectively fund for the maritime pine and the Aleppo pine. Also, β- pinene, camphene, myrcene, Δ-3-carene, limonene and caryophyllene were also detected in turpentine of these species. A biotest of the turpentine of these two species of pines showed the efficiente antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Composition chimique et bioactivité des huiles essentielles de deux provenances d’Ocimum canum S. de l’île de la Grande Comore

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de l’activité antifongique et antibactérienne et la composition chimique de deux lots d’huiles essentielles d’Ocimum canum Sims, récoltées dans deux régions de l’île de la Grande Comore: Maweni-Dimani et Ivoini-Mitsamihouli. Le rendement en huile essentielle d’Ocimum canum de Maweni-Dimani (2,06%) est supérieur à celui de d’Ivoini-Mitsamihouli (1,4%). La première provenance présente le 1,8-cinéole (48,88 %), le camphre (14,98%), l’α-pinène (5,71%), β-pinène (4,66%) et γ-élémène (3,91%) comme constituants majoritaires. L’huile essentielle d’Ocimum canum de provenance d’Ivoini-Mitsamihouli est constituée majoritairement par le 1,8-cinéole (34,22%), le camphre (13,69%), le propanoate d’isopropyle (9,13%), le γ-élémène (5,43%) et l’α-pinène (3,83%). Les tests biologiques ont montré que les huiles essentielles des deux provenances sont actives contre tous les micro-organismes testés.AbstractThis work aims to study of antibacterial and antifungical activities and chemical composition of essential oils of Ocimum canum Sims, harvested in the regions of Maweni-Dimani and Ivoini-Mitsamihouli on the island of Grande Comore. The yields of essential oil showed that Ocimum canum from Maweni-Dimani (2.06%) is higher than for Ivoini-Mitsamihouli (1.4%). The first one essential oil presents 1,8-cineole (48.88%), camphor (14.98%), α-pinene (5.71%), β-pinene (4.66%) and γ-elemene (3.91%) as predominate constituents. The second sample is mainly composed by 1,8-cineole (34.22%), camphor (13.69%), isopropyl propanoate (9.13%), γ-elemene (5.43%) and α-pinene (3.83%). The antimicrobial activity of two essential oils of two sources has been studied against eleven microorganisms. The essential oil of Ivoini-Mitsamihouli inhibits bacteria, fungus and mildews particularly at low concentrations compared to that of Maweni-Dimani.

Composition chimique, activité antimicrobiennne et antioxydante de l’huile essentielle de Thymus zygis du Maroc

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de la composition chimique, de l’activité antioxydante et antimicrobienne de l’huile essentielle (HE) de Thymus zygis du Maroc vis-à-vis de quatre bactéries, de trois moisissures et de quatre champignons de pourriture du bois. Les analyses chromatographiques (CG/FID, CG/SM) ont montré que l’HE de Thymus zygis est caractérisée par la présence du thymol (33,02 %), d’o-cymène (32,02 %) et du β-E-ocimène (11,90 %), accompagnés d’autres composés à des teneurs relativement faibles : linalol (3,99 %), carvacrol (2,69 %), β-pinène (2,08 %), bornéol (1,56 %), E-caryophyllène (1,51 %), 1,4-cinéole (1,49 %) et tricyclène (1,34 %). L’activité antioxydante déterminée par le test DPPH a montré que l’HE présente un fort potentiel antioxydant avec l’IC 50 = 75,97 ± 0,86 μg/ml, en comparaison à d’autres espèces de thym de la littérature. Aux concentrations étudiées, l’essence a manifesté une forte activité antibactérienne et antifongique. Cette bioactivité est due principalement à la richesse de cette essence en thymol connu pour son efficacité contre les agents microbiens.AbstractThis work studies the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus zygis of Morocco against four bacteria, three fungi and four wood-decay fungi. The chromatographic analysis (GC/FID and GC/MS) showed that the essential oils of Thymus zygis is characterized by the presence of thymol (33.02%), o-cymene (32.02%) and β-E-ocimene (11.90%) along with other compounds at relatively low levels: linalool (3.99%), carvacrol (2.69%), β-pinene (2.08%), borneol (1.56%), E-caryophyllene (1.51%), 1,4-cineole (1.49%) and tricyclene (1.34%). The antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH test showd that the essential oils has a high antioxidant potential with IC 50 = 75.97±0.86 μg/ml, compared to others species of thyme in the literature. At the concentrations studied, the essence showed a strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. This bioactivity is due mainly to the richness of this species in thymol known for its effectiveness against microbial agents.

Effet de la distillation fractionnée sur la composition chimique et l'activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles du Myrte (Myrtus communis L.) du Maroc

Abstract The essential oil extracted from Moroccan Myrtle and fractions obtained by fractional distillation were analysed by chromatographic methods (GC and GC/MS). Moroccan Myrtle essential oil was found to contain α-pinene (10%), 1,8-cineole (43%) and myrtenyl acetate (25%) as major components. The rectification of Myrtle oil gives four principal fractions. The first was rich in α-pinene (42–54.8%) and 1,8-cineole (27–53.6%), the second fraction in 1,8-cineole (83–95.8%), the third in myrtenyl acetate (36–55%) and 1,8-cineole (12–36%) and the fourth in myrtenyl acetate (62–65%). The fractional distillation improves the quality of essential oil. An antimicrobial activity test carried out with principal fractions of the essential oil showed that the activity was mainly observed in third fraction containing α-terpineol and myrtenol, in particular, and 1,8-cineole.

Composition chimique et activités antibactériennes, antifongiques et antioxydante de l'huile essentielle de Pelargonium asperum Ehrh. ex Wilde des Comores

Abstract The aerial parts of Pelargonium asperum or Pelargonium graveolens (geranium Bourbon) harvested in full bloom in Ndrondroni-Mvouni, Grande Comore, provide a yield of 0.4% of oil in relation with dry material. Sixty—one compounds were identified by GC and GC—MS and constitute 99.96% of the geranium bourbon oil. The main constituents are citronellol (29.98%), geraniol (14.12%), citronellyl formate (9.09%), isomenthone (7.80%) and linalool (5.97%). The antifungal activity of essential oil is higher compared antibacterial activity. The geranium oil was strongly inhibits free radicals.

Activité antioxydante et composition chimique des huiles essentielles de quatre espèces de thym du Maroc

Abstract The chemical composition of four Thymus species essential oils (T. capitatus, T. ciliatus, T. bleicherianus and T. algeriensis) was determined by GC and GC/SM. The essential oil of T. capitatus is dominated by carvacrol (70.92%), that of T. ciliatus by thymol (44.2%), that of T. bleicherianus contains α-terpinene (42.23%) and thymol (23.95%) as major chemical constituents, while that of T. algeriensis is formed mainly by camphor (27.7%) and α-pinene (20.5%). The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH test. The essential oil of T. capitatus, T. ciliatus and T. bleicherianus show strong antioxidant activity with (IC50 = 69,04 μg/ml, 74,025 μg/ml and 77,8 μg/ml) respectively, compared to the essence of T. algeriensis and other species of thyme in the literature.

Évaluation de la qualité de la colophane du pin maritime (Pinus pinaster) et du pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis) du Maroc

Abstract In this study, the yield, the quality and the chemical composition of the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) rosins of Morocco were studied. Rosin quantities from maritime pine of Mamora as well as Aleppo pine from Rommani and Zerhoun were respectively 70%, 68% and 64%. This rosin has WW—WG as a grade. The chemical composition of rosin is characterized by resinic acid as main components; the rates average were approximately 79% for the maritime pine, 86% and 87% for Aleppo pine of Zerhoun and Rommani. The yield and the chemical composition of these rosins were exactly influenced by the species nature, the geographical and bioclimatical conditions of area.

Caractérisation chimique et microbiologique des huiles essentielles des rameaux, des cônes et du bois de Cupressus atlantica, arbre forestier endémique du Maroc

RésuméLe cyprès de l’Atlas, objet de cette étude, est un arbre forestier endémique du Maroc qui appartient à la famille des Cupressacées. Ce travail vise à la valorisation de cette espèce par l’étude du rendement, de la composition chimique et des propriétés antibactérienne et antifongique des huiles essentielles des différentes parties de cet arbre (rameaux, cônes et sciure du bois). Les teneurs moyennes en huile essentielle des différentes parties étudiées sont respectivement 0,23, 0,87 et 0,23 %. L’analyse de la composition chimique par CG et CG/SM a mis en évidence la différence sur le point de vue quantitatif des principaux constituants (α-pinène, α-phellandrène et D-Germacrène) des huiles essentielles. L’effet inhibiteur de ces huiles sur la prolifération de souches bactériennes testées a été postulé, alors que les moisissures montrent une forte résistance, et enfin, les champignons de la pourriture du bois manifestent une vulnérabilité variable selon les espèces vis-à-vis de ces huiles essentielles.AbstractThe cypress of the Atlas, as the subject of this study, is a Moroccan endemic forest tree, which belongs to the family of Cupressaceae. This work aims at the valorization of this species by studying the quantity of yield, the chemical composition and the antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils from different parts of the tree (branches, cones and sawdust). The mean levels of essential oil from different parts studied are respectively 0.23, 0.87 and 0.23%. The chemical composition analysis by GC and GC/MS showed the difference in the quantitative point of view of the constituents (α-pinene, α-phellandrene and germacrene-d) of the essential oils. The inhibitory effect of these oils on the proliferation of bacterial strains was tested, while the mould showed a strong resistance, and finally the rot fungi wood showed a variable vulnerability depending on the species vis-à-vis these essential oils.