Mohamed Ghanmi

Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de l’activité antibactérienne et antifongique et de la composition chimique des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc. Les échantillons de Thymus capitatus ont fourni le rendement le plus élevé: 2,05 % contre 1,75 % pour Thymus bleicherianus. Les analyses chromatographiques (CG et CG/SM) ont montré que l’huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus contient le carvacrol (70,92 %) comme constituant majoritaire et que celle de Thymus bleicherianus est dominée par l’a-terpinène (42,20 %) et le thymol (23,90 %). L’activité antimicrobienne des deux huiles essentielles a été étudiée vis-à-vis de sept micro-organismes. Pour l’huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus, Bacillus subtilus et Penicillium expansum sont les plus sensibles, ils ont été inhibés à partir de 1/3000 v/v. Quant à l’huile essentielle de Thymus bleicherianus, toutes les souches bactériennes ont été inhibées à faible concentration de 1/2000 v/v. Cette bioactivité est due principalement à la richesse de ces essences en carvacrol et en thymol qui sont connus pour leur efficacité contre les agents microbiens. L’effet inhibiteur de ces huiles sur le développement bactérien et fongique laisse entrevoir des perspectives d’application dans les domaines de l’industrie alimentaire, cosmétique et pharmaceutique.AbstractThis work studies the chemical composition and antifungal and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Moroccan Thymus capitatus and Thymus bleicherianus. The samples of Thymus capitatus provided the highest yield: 2.05 % as against 1.75% for Thymus bleicherianus. The chromatographic analyses (GC and GC/MS) showed that the main constituent of essential oil of Thymus capitatus is carvacrol (70.92 %), while essential oil of Thymus bleicherianus contains mainly α-terpinene (42.2%) and thymol (23.9%). Antimicrobial activity of the two essential oils was studied with respect to seven microorganisms. For essential oil of Thymus capitatus, Bacillus subtilus and Penicillium expansum were most sensitive, being inhibited as from 1/3000 v/v. As for essential oil of Thymus bleicherianus, however, all bacterial strains were inhibited at concentrations as weak as 1/2000 v/v. This bioactivity is due mainly to their high carvacrol and thymol content, substances known for their effectiveness against microbial agents. The inhibiting effect of these oils on bacterial and fungal development indicates their potential use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

Valorisation des huiles essentielles de Juniperus thurifera et de Juniperus oxycedrus du Maroc

RésuméLes huiles essentielles des rameaux de Juniperus thurifera et de Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) collectées au Moyen Atlas oriental du Maroc ont été extraites par hydrodistillation et analysées par CG et CG/SM. Les constituants majoritaires obtenus sont des pinènes: β-pinène (36,26 %) pour les huiles essentielles de Juniperus thurifera et α-pinène (52,13 %) pour celles de Juniperus oxycedrus. L’activité antibactérienne et antifongique de ces huiles essentielles a été étudiée vis-à-vis de sept micro-organismes et comparée à celles trouvées dans la littérature.AbstractThe volatile oils from branches of Juniperus thurifera and Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) collected at Eastern Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco were obtained by hydro-distillation and analysed by GC and GC/MMS. The major constituents obtained were pinene: β-pinene (36.26%) for the essential oils of Juniperus thurifera and α-pinene (52.13%) to that of Juniperus oxycedrus. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the two essential oils has been studied against seven microorganisms and compared to those found in the literature.

Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne de l'essence de térébenthine du pin maritime (Pinus pinaster) et du pin d'Alep (Pinus hale- pensis) du Maroc

Abstract This work tries to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the turpentine of two moroccan pines species, the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) from Mamora and the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) from Rommani. The gum object of this study comes from a sample of 40 trees of every pine species. The turpentines chemical composition of these two species is characterized by a high percentage of α-pinene as main compound: 77% and 89% are respectively fund for the maritime pine and the Aleppo pine. Also, β- pinene, camphene, myrcene, Δ-3-carene, limonene and caryophyllene were also detected in turpentine of these species. A biotest of the turpentine of these two species of pines showed the efficiente antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Composition chimique et bioactivité des huiles essentielles de deux provenances d’Ocimum canum S. de l’île de la Grande Comore

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de l’activité antifongique et antibactérienne et la composition chimique de deux lots d’huiles essentielles d’Ocimum canum Sims, récoltées dans deux régions de l’île de la Grande Comore: Maweni-Dimani et Ivoini-Mitsamihouli. Le rendement en huile essentielle d’Ocimum canum de Maweni-Dimani (2,06%) est supérieur à celui de d’Ivoini-Mitsamihouli (1,4%). La première provenance présente le 1,8-cinéole (48,88 %), le camphre (14,98%), l’α-pinène (5,71%), β-pinène (4,66%) et γ-élémène (3,91%) comme constituants majoritaires. L’huile essentielle d’Ocimum canum de provenance d’Ivoini-Mitsamihouli est constituée majoritairement par le 1,8-cinéole (34,22%), le camphre (13,69%), le propanoate d’isopropyle (9,13%), le γ-élémène (5,43%) et l’α-pinène (3,83%). Les tests biologiques ont montré que les huiles essentielles des deux provenances sont actives contre tous les micro-organismes testés.AbstractThis work aims to study of antibacterial and antifungical activities and chemical composition of essential oils of Ocimum canum Sims, harvested in the regions of Maweni-Dimani and Ivoini-Mitsamihouli on the island of Grande Comore. The yields of essential oil showed that Ocimum canum from Maweni-Dimani (2.06%) is higher than for Ivoini-Mitsamihouli (1.4%). The first one essential oil presents 1,8-cineole (48.88%), camphor (14.98%), α-pinene (5.71%), β-pinene (4.66%) and γ-elemene (3.91%) as predominate constituents. The second sample is mainly composed by 1,8-cineole (34.22%), camphor (13.69%), isopropyl propanoate (9.13%), γ-elemene (5.43%) and α-pinene (3.83%). The antimicrobial activity of two essential oils of two sources has been studied against eleven microorganisms. The essential oil of Ivoini-Mitsamihouli inhibits bacteria, fungus and mildews particularly at low concentrations compared to that of Maweni-Dimani.

Composition chimique, activité antimicrobiennne et antioxydante de l’huile essentielle de Thymus zygis du Maroc

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de la composition chimique, de l’activité antioxydante et antimicrobienne de l’huile essentielle (HE) de Thymus zygis du Maroc vis-à-vis de quatre bactéries, de trois moisissures et de quatre champignons de pourriture du bois. Les analyses chromatographiques (CG/FID, CG/SM) ont montré que l’HE de Thymus zygis est caractérisée par la présence du thymol (33,02 %), d’o-cymène (32,02 %) et du β-E-ocimène (11,90 %), accompagnés d’autres composés à des teneurs relativement faibles : linalol (3,99 %), carvacrol (2,69 %), β-pinène (2,08 %), bornéol (1,56 %), E-caryophyllène (1,51 %), 1,4-cinéole (1,49 %) et tricyclène (1,34 %). L’activité antioxydante déterminée par le test DPPH a montré que l’HE présente un fort potentiel antioxydant avec l’IC 50 = 75,97 ± 0,86 μg/ml, en comparaison à d’autres espèces de thym de la littérature. Aux concentrations étudiées, l’essence a manifesté une forte activité antibactérienne et antifongique. Cette bioactivité est due principalement à la richesse de cette essence en thymol connu pour son efficacité contre les agents microbiens.AbstractThis work studies the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus zygis of Morocco against four bacteria, three fungi and four wood-decay fungi. The chromatographic analysis (GC/FID and GC/MS) showed that the essential oils of Thymus zygis is characterized by the presence of thymol (33.02%), o-cymene (32.02%) and β-E-ocimene (11.90%) along with other compounds at relatively low levels: linalool (3.99%), carvacrol (2.69%), β-pinene (2.08%), borneol (1.56%), E-caryophyllene (1.51%), 1,4-cineole (1.49%) and tricyclene (1.34%). The antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH test showd that the essential oils has a high antioxidant potential with IC 50 = 75.97±0.86 μg/ml, compared to others species of thyme in the literature. At the concentrations studied, the essence showed a strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. This bioactivity is due mainly to the richness of this species in thymol known for its effectiveness against microbial agents.

Composition chimique et activité antifongique des huiles essentielles de Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. et Thymus ciliatus (Desf.) Benth. contre les champignons de pourriture du bois

Abstract This work deals with the antifungal activity of two medicinal and aromatic plants essential oils of the Moroccan flora against four wood—decaying fungi. The essential oils obtained from Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Thymus ciliatus (Desf.) Benth. aerial parts by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The result demonstrated that the major components of T. algeriensis essential oil are campher (27.7%) and α-pinene (20.5%), while were the essential oil of T. ciliatus contains mainly thymol (44.2%), β-ocymene (25.8%) and α-terpinene (12.3%). Bioactivity tests against for fungi decaying wood (Gloeophyllum trabeum, Poria placenta, Coniophora puteana and Coriolus versicolor) demonstrate that the oil of T. ciliatus showed a strong antifungal activity against all fungi tested.

Étude du rendement et de la composition de l'essence de térébenthine du Maroc: cas du Pin maritime (Pinus pinaster) et du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis)

Abstract In this study, the yield and the chemical composition of turpentine of the maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster) and the Aleppo Pine (P. halepensis) of Morocco were studied. Turpentine contents of the maritime Pine of Mamora as well as two other sources of Aleppo Pine from Rommani and Zerhoun was respectively 22%, 27% and 18%. The chemical composition of turpentine was characterized by α-pinene as principal component, the rate average for four months was approximately 79% for the maritime Pine, 86% and 87% for Aleppo Pine of Zerhoun and Rommani. The yield and the chemical composition were influenced by the nature of species, the geographical and bioclimatical conditions.

Composition chimique et activités antibactériennes, antifongiques et antioxydante de l'huile essentielle de Pelargonium asperum Ehrh. ex Wilde des Comores

Abstract The aerial parts of Pelargonium asperum or Pelargonium graveolens (geranium Bourbon) harvested in full bloom in Ndrondroni-Mvouni, Grande Comore, provide a yield of 0.4% of oil in relation with dry material. Sixty—one compounds were identified by GC and GC—MS and constitute 99.96% of the geranium bourbon oil. The main constituents are citronellol (29.98%), geraniol (14.12%), citronellyl formate (9.09%), isomenthone (7.80%) and linalool (5.97%). The antifungal activity of essential oil is higher compared antibacterial activity. The geranium oil was strongly inhibits free radicals.

Effet de la provenance sur le rendement, la composition chimique et l'activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles des rameaux de Juniperus phoenicea L. du Maroc

Abstract As part of the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco, we studied the effect of the provenance on the yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of red juniper (Juniperus phoenicea). The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from branches were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The most abundant compounds identified vary according to their origins: α-pinene (64,19 to 76,33%), δ-3-carene (0 to 14,84%), germacrene B (1,23 to 2,98%), myrcene (1,69 to 2,69%), E-β-caryophelene (0,70 to 2,38%) and fenchone (0,42 to 2,12%). The influence of the provenance on the antimicrobial activity of these essential oils was also highlighted.

Effet de la provenance sur la qualité chimique et microbiologique des huiles essentielles de Rosmarinus officinalis L. du Maroc

RésuméCette étude consiste en une appréciation de la qualité chimique et l’évaluation de l’activité antibactérienne et antifongique des huiles essentielles des trois provenances de romarin du Maroc à savoir : Rchida, Berkine (Maroc Oriental) et Aknoul (Nord Est du Maroc). Les huiles essentielles, obtenues par hydrodistillation des feuilles et jeunes rameaux du romarin, ont été analysées par CG/FID et CG/SM. Les huiles essentielles de ces trois provenances de romarin étudiées sont caractérisées par la présence des composés α et β- pinènes, camphène, 1,8-cinéole et camphre. La qualité des huiles essentielles étudiées respectent la Norme AFNOR NF ISO 4730 du romarin type Maroc (1,8-cinéole). L’évaluation de l’activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles du Rosmarinus officinalis des trois provenances a montré une faible efficacité contre les microorganismes testés qui ont été tous inhibés à partir de 1/100 v/v sauf pour Penicillium expansum dont la croissance a été arrêtée à la concentration 1/250 v/v.AbstractThis study is an assessment of the chemical quality and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of rosemary’s essential oils from three regions of Morocco (Rchida and Berkine/Eastern Morocco and Aknoul/North East of Morocco. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves and young twigs of rosemary, were analyzed by GC / FID and GC/ MS. These essential oils are characterized by the presence of α and β-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineole and camphor compounds. The quality of these essential oils met the AFNOR NF ISO 4730 rosemary Morocco kind (1,8-cineole). The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis showed low efficacy against microorganisms tested which were all inhibited from 1/100 v/v except for Penicillium expansum whose growth was stopped at the concentration 1/250 v/v