B. Seetharami Reddy

Trace elemental analysis of carcinoma kidney and stomach by PIXE method

Trace elemental analysis was carried out in the biological samples of carcinoma kidney and stomach using particle induced X-ray emission technique. A 2 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. From the present results, the levels of elements K, Ca, Fe, Ni and Se are lower and those of the elements Ti, Co, Zn, As and Cd are higher in the cancer tissue of kidney than those observed in the normal tissue. In the case of stomach, the concentrations of elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn are lower while concentrations of elements Cr, Ni, As and Br are higher in the cancer tissue of stomach than those observed in the normal tissue. The observed deficiency or excess of certain elements is correlated to carcinogenesis of that organ. The present results of carcinoma stomach support the previous observations that nickel and chromium are carcinogenic agents. The low levels of selenium observed in the carcinoma tissue of kidney and the low levels of manganese observed in the carcinoma tissue of stomach support the view that selenium and manganese inhibit the growth of cancer in kidney and stomach respectively. The observed high levels of zinc in the cancer tissue of kidney suggest that zinc is involved in the tumor growth and development of neoplastic transformation in kidney while the observed low levels of zinc in the carcinoma tissue of stomach suggest that zinc inhibits the growth of cancer in this organ. For correctly assessing the role played by the trace elements in initiating, promoting or inhibiting cancer in various organs, there is a need for acquisition of more data by trace elemental analysis from several investigations of this type undertaken in different regions.

Trace elemental analysis of adenoma and carcinoma thyroid by PIXE method

Trace elemental analysis was carried out in the biological samples of normal, adenoma and carcinoma thyroids using particle induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE). A 2 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. The elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, I, Hg and Pb were identified and their concentrations were estimated. The concentrations of the elements Ca, Cu, Zn, As, I and Hg are found to be much lower in carcinoma thyroid than those in the normal thyroid while the concentration of the elements K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Sr in carcinoma thyroid are higher than the concentrations in normal thyroid. The lower and higher values of some of the elements in carcinoma thyroid may be attributed to some pathological factors.

K x-ray satellite spectrum of Al by photon excitation

K x-ray satellite spectra of Al in the element and its oxide Al2 O3 , generated by photon excitation, have been studied with a plane crystal spectrometer. The energies and relative intensities of the K x-ray satellite and K low-energy satellite have been measured and compared with theoretical estimates. The results in the element and its oxide are compared to look for chemical effects.

Evidence for resonance electron transfer in photon excited X-ray satellite spectra of fluorine compounds

The KαL1/KαL0 intensity ratio of fluorine is measured in five fluorine compounds with a crystal spectrometer. An anomalous reduction of this intensity ratio was observed in KF and SrF2, which is attributed to resonance electron transfer from the metal ion to the spectator vacancy in the fluorine ion. KαL2/KαL0 intensity ratio of fluorine is also measured. The measured relative intensities are compared with the theoretical estimates of Aberg.

Trace elemental distribution in the scalp hair of bipolars using PIXE technique

Trace metals play a significant role in neurological disorders. There is very limited information available on the role of macro and trace elements in bipolar disorders. The objective of this investigation was to identification, quantification of essential trace elements in the scalp hair samples of the patients and compare with those of normal subjects. We made a hypothesis about the role played by essential trace metals whose concentrations are significantly different to those of normals in the disease process. The analysis was carried out in the scalp hair samples of 26 male and 26 female patients suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) by Particle Induced X-ray Emission Technique (PIXE). The concentration of Cu (p < 0.002) was found to be higher in the hair samples of male bipolar disorder patients while the concentrations of Mn (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.005), Zn (p < 0.0001) and Se (p < 0.005) were found to be lower than those in normal subjects. The concentration of Cu (p < 0.0001) was higher in the hair samples of female bipolar patients but depressed levels of Fe (p < 0.005), Ni (p < 0.05), Zn (p < 0.00001) and Se (p < 0.05) were observed compared to controls. Cu/Zn ratio was found to be higher in the hair samples of male and female patients compared with normals. While the imbalance of certain trace elements leads to generation of more free radicals, the imbalance of some other trace elements causes changes in dopamine (neurotransmitter) activity. It is essential to monitor before and periodically during treatment the levels of essential trace elements for effective treatment of bipolar disorder.

Simultaneous K plus L shell ionized atoms during heavy-ion collision process

The fraction of simultaneous K plus L shell ionized atoms is estimated in Fe, Co and Cu elements using carbon ions at different projectile energies. The present results indicate that the fraction of simultaneous K plus L shell ionization probability decreases with increase in projectile energy as well as with increase in the atomic number of the targets atoms.

K α L 1 satellite multiplet structure of photon-excited chlorine atoms

SummaryAn attempt is made to study theKαL1 satellite multiplet structure of chlorine atoms in different compounds by photon excitation. A comparison of the averageKαL1 group energy shift from the diagram line with those based on Dirac-Fock evaluations with different number ofM-shell electrons shows a reasonable agreement. The

Trace elemental correlation study in malignant and normal breast tissue by PIXE technique

K_{\alpha _4 } /K_{\alpha _3 }