G. J. Naga Raju

Trace elemental analysis of carcinoma kidney and stomach by PIXE method

Trace elemental analysis was carried out in the biological samples of carcinoma kidney and stomach using particle induced X-ray emission technique. A 2 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. From the present results, the levels of elements K, Ca, Fe, Ni and Se are lower and those of the elements Ti, Co, Zn, As and Cd are higher in the cancer tissue of kidney than those observed in the normal tissue. In the case of stomach, the concentrations of elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn are lower while concentrations of elements Cr, Ni, As and Br are higher in the cancer tissue of stomach than those observed in the normal tissue. The observed deficiency or excess of certain elements is correlated to carcinogenesis of that organ. The present results of carcinoma stomach support the previous observations that nickel and chromium are carcinogenic agents. The low levels of selenium observed in the carcinoma tissue of kidney and the low levels of manganese observed in the carcinoma tissue of stomach support the view that selenium and manganese inhibit the growth of cancer in kidney and stomach respectively. The observed high levels of zinc in the cancer tissue of kidney suggest that zinc is involved in the tumor growth and development of neoplastic transformation in kidney while the observed low levels of zinc in the carcinoma tissue of stomach suggest that zinc inhibits the growth of cancer in this organ. For correctly assessing the role played by the trace elements in initiating, promoting or inhibiting cancer in various organs, there is a need for acquisition of more data by trace elemental analysis from several investigations of this type undertaken in different regions.

Trace elemental analysis of cancer-afflicted intestine by PIXE technique

Trace elemental analysis was carried out in the biological samples of cancer-afflicted intestine using the particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE). A 2-MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. From the present results, it can be seen that the concentration of the elements Cr, Fe, and Ni are higher in the cancerous tissue of the intestine than those observed in the normal tissue, whereas the concentration levels of the element Zn is slightly lower in the cancer tissue of intestine than that observed in the normal tissue. The concentrations of S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Co, and Cu in the cancer tissue of the intestine are in agreement with those observed in the normal tissues within standard deviations. The present results support the previous observations that Ni and Cr are carcinogenic agents. The observed slightly low levels of zinc in the cancer tissue of the intestine suggest that zinc could possibly inhibit the tumor growth and development of neoplastic transformation. For correctly assessing the role played by the trace elements in initiating, promoting, or inhibiting cancer in various organs, there is a need for the acquisition of more data by trace elemental analysis from several investigations of this type undertaken in different regions.

Trace elemental analysis of adenoma and carcinoma thyroid by PIXE method

Trace elemental analysis was carried out in the biological samples of normal, adenoma and carcinoma thyroids using particle induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE). A 2 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. The elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, I, Hg and Pb were identified and their concentrations were estimated. The concentrations of the elements Ca, Cu, Zn, As, I and Hg are found to be much lower in carcinoma thyroid than those in the normal thyroid while the concentration of the elements K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Sr in carcinoma thyroid are higher than the concentrations in normal thyroid. The lower and higher values of some of the elements in carcinoma thyroid may be attributed to some pathological factors.

Studies on changes in trace elemental content of serum of uterine cervix cancer patients using PIXE

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of trace elements in blood sera of uterine cervix cancer patients, analyze their alteration with respect to healthy controls and identify the best predictors amongst these for disease occurrence and progression. Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was used in this work to identify and quantify trace elements Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br in the blood sera of uterine cervix cancer subjects and healthy control subjects. The observed alterations are discussed with respect to the possible mechanisms by which these elements might influence the carcinogenic process.

Simultaneous K plus L shell ionized atoms during heavy-ion collision process

The fraction of simultaneous K plus L shell ionized atoms is estimated in Fe, Co and Cu elements using carbon ions at different projectile energies. The present results indicate that the fraction of simultaneous K plus L shell ionization probability decreases with increase in projectile energy as well as with increase in the atomic number of the targets atoms.