Baha Abu-Laban

The Retention of Newcomers in Second- and Third-Tier Canadian Cities

The federal government of Canada and several provincial governments are anxious to promote a more balanced distribution of immigrants across the country. Currently, 89 percent of all newcomers settle in large cities, 75 percent in Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal alone. This study examines the internal migration of refugees destined to second-and third-tier cities in Alberta. Their decisions to stay in or leave these communities have significant policy implications. The economic vitality of urban centers, the existence of compatriot communities, and the recognition of immigrant skills and educational credentials all contribute to the retention of newcomers in second- and third-tier cities.

Factors in Social Control of the Press in Lebanon

Formal censorship, economic pressures, the social structure, public opinion and news sources are important determinants of mass communication policies in one of the Middle Easts few “free press” systems.

Game Involvement and Sex-Role Socialization in Arab Children

THE SOCIAL psychological and anthropological literature shows that games are not regarded merely as pastime activities, but as modes of symbolic expression involving the exchange of roles and attitudes among the participants (Piaget, 1948; Strauss, 1956, p. 228). A recurrent theme in this literature is the important influence of games on the formation of individual and social character (Maccoby, Modiano, & Lander, 1964). Viewed in this way, play activities assume an important role in child socialization, even in the absence of close adult supervision. With the help of games, say Anderson and Moore (1960), &dquo;members of a society learn about and ’play at’ the workings of their society.&dquo; Some studies have attempted to relate games to child-rearing practices. The results of a recent cross-cultural investigation of fifty-six societies reveal a definite relationship between games of strategy and obedience; between games of chance and responsibility; and between games of physical skill and achievement (Roberts & Sutton-Smith, 1962). Sex differences in game involvement are clearly along the lines of responsibility and achievement, with girls tending to participate in games which reflect responsibility training and boys tending to prefer games which reflect achievement training (Roberts & Sutton-Smith, 1962). Also, in a recent study of games in a Mexican village, Maccoby, Modiano, and Lander (1964) have noted that girls tended to be less violent than boys and that sex differences in gaming were congruent with sex differences in the larger social system. What this suggests is that different types of games may aid children in