Bakiye Uğur

Effects of esmolol, lidocaine and fentanyl on haemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation: a comparative study.

AbstractBackground and objective: Predicting the haemodynamic changes that may result in myocardial ischaemia for patients undergoing laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation will help to avoid events that trigger ischaemia and allow immediate treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of esmolol with those of lidocaine (lignocaine) and fentanyl on prevention of tachycardia and hypertension caused by endotracheal intubation. Methods: This was a prospective, randomised, double-blind study. The study was conducted at the Adnan Menderes University Hospital in Aydin, Turkey and involved 120 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II aged 20–50 years. The patients were randomised into four equal groups. The control group (group C) received dextrose 5% 5mL, the esmolol group (group E) received esmolol 1.5 mg/kg, the fentanyl group (group F) received fentanyl 1 µg/kg and the lidocaine group (group L) received lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg 2 minutes before endotracheal intubation. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate-pressure product (RPP) were recorded before and after induction of anaesthesia, immediately after intubation, and 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 minutes after intubation. Results: Compared with control, HR decreased significantly in group E after induction, immediately after intubation and 1 minute after intubation (p < 0.0083). In group F there was an increase in MAP immediately after intubation, but the increase was less than in other groups. Compared with control, RPP decreased significantly in groups E and F after induction, immediately after intubation and 1 minute after intubation (p < 0.0083). RPP was significantly lower in group E than in controls and group L 3 minutes after intubation (p < 0.0083), and it was significantly lower in group F than in controls 10 minutes after intubation (p < 0.0083). Conclusion: It can be concluded that administration of esmolol 1.5 mg/kg 2 minutes before intubation prevents tachycardia and an increase in RPP caused by laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, and can be beneficial when administered before laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients with tachycardia.

The Analgesic Effect of Nitroglycerin Added to Lidocaine on Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

We evaluated the analgesic effect of nitroglycerine (NTG) when added to lidocaine in IV regional anesthesia. Thirty patients undergoing hand surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (group C, n = 15) received a total dose of 40 mL with 3 mg/kg of lidocaine diluted with saline, and the NTG group (group NTG, n = 15) received an additional 200 μg NTG. Hemodynamic variables, tourniquet pain measured before and 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after tourniquet inflation, and analgesic requirements were recorded during the operation. After the tourniquet deflation, at 1 and 30 min and 2 and 4 h, visual analog scale (VAS) score, time to first analgesic requirement, total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h after operation, and side effects were noted. Shortened sensory and motor block onset time (3.2 ± 1.1 versus 4.5 ± 1.2 min; P = 0.01 and 3.3 ± 1.6 versus 5.2 ± 1.8; P = 0.009 in group NTG and group C, respectively), prolonged sensory and motor block recovery times (6.8 ± 1.6 versus 3.1 ± 1.2 min P < 0.0001 and 7.3 ± 1.3 versus 3.6 ± 0.8 P < 0.0001 in group NTG and group C, respectively), shortened VAS scores of tourniquet pain (P = 0.023), and improved quality of anesthesia were found in group NTG (P < 0.05). VAS scores were lower in group NTG after tourniquet release and in the postoperative period (P = 0.001). First analgesic requirement time was longer in group NTG (225 ± 74 min versus 39 ± 33 min) than in group C (P < 0.0001). Postoperative analgesic requirements were significantly smaller in group NTG (P < 0.0001) but the side effects were similar in both groups. We conclude that the addition of NTG to lidocaine for IV regional anesthesia improves sensory and motor block, tourniquet pain, and postoperative analgesia without side effects.

Effects of Sevoflurane on QT Dispersion and Heart Rate Variability

The purpose of this study was to use estimates of corrected QT dispersion (QTcd) and heart rate variability (HRV) to assess the effects of sevoflurane, an inhalation agent used frequently in clinical practice, on autonomic cardiac function. This study was conducted prospectively and in a blind manner on 20 women between 38 and 51 y of age who were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists stage I–II and whose treatment required total abdominal hysterectomy. Electrocardiograms were recorded by 12-lead Holter monitor for 5 min before sevoflurane induction and again for 5 min at 10 min after tracheal intubation. Data on the first recording were considered as baseline; those on the second recording were viewed as final data. The study was terminated at this point, and surgery was allowed to proceed. QTcd and HRV values were assessed by a cardiologist, who was blinded to all data. All parameters were expressed as a mean value ± standard deviation. Wilcoxon’s test was used to compare baseline and final data. Statistical significance was considered asP< .05. No significant changes were observed between baseline and final QTcd values and between low and high-frequency components (LF and HF) of HRV; nor were changes seen in the LF/HF ratio. With the patient under sevoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia, no significant changes were detected in QTcd, LF, and HF values, and in the LF/HF ratio, whereas a significant increase (P=.001) was seen in standard deviation of the R-R interval, which was used as a measure of cardiac autonomic tone.

Ropivacaine versus lidocaine for deep‐topical, nerve‐block anaesthesia in cataract surgery: a double‐blind randomized clinical trial

Purpose:  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ropivacaine versus lidocaine for deep‐topical, nerve‐block anaesthesia in cataract surgery.

Comparing the administration of fentanyl 1 µg kg−1 and fentanyl 0.5 µg kg−1 in dilation and curettage procedures

Purpose: This study was carried out to compare fentanyl 0.5 µg kg−1−propofol as opposed to fentanyl 1 µg kg−1−propofol in terms of providing adequate analgesia, and a comparable recovery profile in dilation and curettage (D&C) procedures. Methods: Verbal Pain Scale (VPS) scores, modified Aldrete scores, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded during and after the surgical procedure. In addition, a record was also kept of adverse events, and patients and surgeons were questioned about their satisfaction with the anesthesia. Results: No difference was found between the two groups in terms of hemodynamic parameters, the VPS scores, or patient and surgeon satisfaction. The fentanyl 0.5 µg group displayed significantly higher modified Aldrete scores at both 5- and 10-min postoperative. Adverse events in both groups were considerably few. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the fentanyl 0.5 µg group was lower eventhough it did not reach the statistically significance level. In addition, faster recovery times were recorded with the administration of fentanyl 0.5 µg kg−1. Conclusion: Fentanyl 0.5 µg kg−1 appears to be as reliable as that of fentanyl 1 µg kg−1 with faster recovery times when used in D&C procedures.

589 ROPIVACAINE VERSUS LIDOCAINE FOR DEEP TOPICAL, NERVE BLOCK ANESTHESIA IN CATARACT SURGERY: A DOUBLE BLIND RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

Background and Aims: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ropivacaine versus lidocaine for deep-topical, nerve-block anesthesia in cataract surgery. Methods: This prospective controlled randomized double-blind study comprised 64 patients undergoing clear corneal phacoemulsification. Patients were equally divided into two groups; receiving either deep-topical anesthesia with 1% ropivacaine-soaked sponge (Group R, n = 32) or 2% lidocaine-soaked sponge (Group L, n = 32). The level of intraoperative and postoperative pain was assessed by patients using a verbal analogue scale from 1 to 10. The duration of surgery, the need for supplemental anesthesia, surgeon satisfaction, and intraoperative and early postoperative complications were recorded. The patients’ heart rate, arterial blood pressure and peripheric oxygen saturation (SpO2) were obtained just before the anesthesia and during the surgery. Results: The demographic data of the patients and duration of surgery were similar in both groups. No significant difference in the mean pain scores of patients were found in the ropivacaine and lidocaine groups. Surgical satisfaction was also statistically insignificant. None of the patients had significant difference in heart rate, blood pressure and SpO2 during the surgical procedure. Conclusions: Deep-topical anesthesia with ropivacaine and lidocaine in cataract surgery are safe and the two anesthetic agents do not present differences in the degree of analgesia achieved. Deep-topical anesthesia with ropivacaine or lidocaine was equally effective in providing anesthesia with sufficient quality for cataract surgery.