Balint Banfai

‘The year of first aid’: effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7-14-year-old primary school children

Aim of the study Bystanders can play an important role in the event of sudden injury or illness. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a 3-day first aid course for all primary school age groups (7–14 years old). Methods 582 school children were involved in the study. Training consisted of three sessions with transfer of theoretical knowledge and practical skills about first aid. The following most urgent situations were addressed in our study: adult basic life support (BLS), using an automated external defibrillator (AED), handling an unconscious patient, managing bleeding and calling the ambulance. Data collection was made with a questionnaire developed for the study and observation. Students were tested before, immediately after and 4 months after training. Results were considered significant in case of p<0.05. Results Prior to training there was a low level of knowledge and skills on BLS, management of the unconscious patient, use of an AED and management of bleeding. Knowledge and skills improved significantly in all of these categories (p<0.01) and remained significantly higher than the pre-test level at 4 months after training (p<0.01). Younger children overall performed less well than older children, but significantly improved over the pre-test level both immediately and 4 months after training (p<0.01). Prior first aid training was associated with knowledge of the correct ambulance number (p=0.015) and management of bleeding (p=0.041). Prior to training, age was associated with pre-test knowledge and skills of all topics (p<0.01); after training, it was only associated with AED use (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the depth of chest compression and children’s age, weight, height and body mass index (p<0.001). Ventilation depended on the same factors (p<0.001). Conclusion Children aged 7–14 years are able to perform basic life-saving skills. Knowledge retention after 4 months is good for skills, but thinking in algorithms is difficult for these children.

Cross-sectional survey on self-reported health of ambulance personnel

BackgroundThe high job stress among ambulance personnel is a widely known phenomenon. Purpose: to asses the self reported health status of ambulance workers.MethodsAn anonym self-fill-in questionnaire applying SF-36 was used among workers from the northern and western regions of Hungarian National Ambulance Service.ResultsBased on the dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire the respondents considered their “Physical Functioning” the best, while “Vitality” was regarded the worst. The more time an employee have been worked at the HNAS the worse his health was in the first four dimensions like, “Physical Functioning”, “Role-Physical”, “Bodily Pain”, “General Health”: p < 0.001. Those working in secondary part-time jobs considered their health in all dimensions worse. The respondents who did some kind of sports hold their health in all dimensions better (p < 0.001). The workers with higher BMI regarded their health status worse, in four dimensions: “Physical Functioning”: p = 0.001; “Role-Physical”: p = 0.013; “General Health”: p < 0.001; “Role-Emotional”: p = 0.05.ConclusionsThe workers health status proved to be insufficient according to the subjective perception and measurable parameters. According to the subjective perception of health and measurable parameters of health status of workers proved to be insufficient. Poor physical health can lead indirectly to psychological problems, which may lower the quality of the work and can lead to high turn-over.

Knowledge about basic life support in European students

INTRODUCTION Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. AIM The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. METHOD From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. RESULTS Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance.

Little lifesavers: Can we start first aid education in kindergarten? – A longitudinal cohort study:

Objectives: First aid programmes should include not only the transfer of knowledge and skills but also improve participants’ helping attitudes. The aim of this study was to evalute the immediate and long-term effects of a 3-day first aid programme for kindergarten children. Methods: One hundred and eighteen kindergarten children (5–7 years old) from an inner-city kindergarten located in Pécs, Hungary, were involved in this study between January 2016 and June 2017. Training consisted of three 45-minute sessions involving the transfer of theoretical knowledge and practical skills about first aid. Knowledge, skills and attitudes were assessed by means of a questionnaire developed for the study and through observation. Participants were tested before and immediately after the programme and at 4 and 15 months. Results: The majority of children had no prior knowledge in first aid. Knowledge and skills significantly improved immediately after training and remained significantly higher at 4 and 15 months when compared to baseline – calling the ambulance (p < 0.01), performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; p < .01), using an automated external defibrillator (AED; p < .01), handling an unconscious patient (p < .01) and managing bleeding (p < .01). Attitudes towards first aid improved significantly after the programme (p < .01) and remained improved after 4 and 15 months when compared to baseline (p < .01). Conclusion: Beginning first aid education in kindergarten can be useful. Children cannot become professional bystanders immediately following training, but the programme can offer an introduction of first aid. However, the results decreased substantially after 15 months so regular refreshing training should be recommended.

41 Is it necessary? – opinions and experiences about first aid education in childhood – pilot study

Aim Starting first aid education in early childhood can be an effective method of knowledge transfer. Our aim was to examine first aid education related opinions of kindergarten- and primary school children, educators, and parents. Method Eight-hundred seventy-one people (700 kindergarten- and primary school children, 29 educators, 142 parents) were involved in our study. Opinions were measured with self-edited questionnaires, containing mainly open questions. Results Based on the answers, the majority of children (90%) enjoyed our programme, they would like to participate further first aid programmes in the future. General opinions of parents and educators about first aid education in childhood were mainly positive, but they also gave negative ones. The majority of participants (>90%) had a positive opinion about our completed programme.1 Based on the opinions of parents and educators first aid education is recommended by health care professionals. Opinions were independent from gender (p=0.302), age (p=0.512), time of working with children (p=0.251). Conclusion Children’s opinion about the first aid programme were mainly positive. General opinions of parents and educators were different, but were positive related our programme. Based on this results opinions can change with concrete activities and can make first aid education more popular/acceptable by laypeople. Reference . Banfai B, Pek E, Pandur A, Csonka H, Betlehem J. ‘The year of first aid’: Effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7–14-year-old primary school children. Emerg Med J2017;34:526–32. Conflict of interest None Funding None

40 The long term effects of a 3-day first aid programme for 7–14 years old primary school children

Aim Bystanders can play an important role in the event of sudden injury or illness. Our aim was to evaluate the long term effects of a 3 day first aid programme for all primary school age groups (7–14 years old). Method This study was a 15 months follow-up of our previous investigation.1 Five-hundred twenty-four primary school children were involved in this study (288 girls and 236 boys). Measurements were made in the following topics: adult basic life support, using an automated external defibrillator, handling an unconscious patient, managing bleeding and calling the ambulance. Data collection was made with a self-made questionnaire and observation. Results Knowledge and skills after 15 months were significantly higher in the majority of the measured topics than before the programme (p<0.01). However, results were significantly worse than immediately and 4 months after programme (p<0.01). Younger children overall remembered less well than older children (p<0.01). Approximately three-third of children could use an AED, know the emergency phone number and the half of them could perform correct recovery position at 15 months. Correct assessment of breathing was similar than in baseline. Conclusion This study was the most comprehensive longitudinal study so far conducted on the effects of first aid (not only resuscitation) programme among primary school children. Participants could remember some aspects of first aid long term. However, forgetting after 15 months was significant so refreshing trainings would be mandatory annually Reference . Banfai B, Pek E, Pandur A, Csonka H, Betlehem J. ‘The year of first aid’: Effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7–14-year-old primary school children. Emerg Med J2017;34:526–32. Conflict of interest None Funding None

Mentőtiszthallgatók felnőtt emelt szintű újraélesztéssel kapcsolatos ismeretei Magyarországon

Absztrakt Bevezetes: A megfelelő emelt szintű ujraelesztesi ismeretek elengedhetetlenek a surgőssegi ellatasban dolgozo szakemberek szamara. Celkitűzes: A szerzők celja a magyarorszagi mentőtiszthallgatok felnőtt emelt szintű ujraelesztesi ismereteinek felmerese volt. Modszer: Felmeresuket a Pecsi Tudomanyegyetem Egeszsegtudomanyi Karanak, a Semmelweis Egyetem Egeszsegtudomanyi Karanak es a Debreceni Egyetem Egeszsegugyi Karanak III. es IV. evfolyamos hallgatoi koreben vegeztek, sajat szerkesztesű kerdőiv segitsegevel. A mintaba 97 fő hallgato kerult be (n = 97). Eredmenyek: A hallgatok atlagosan 67,79%-os eredmennyel teljesitettek a felmeresen. A ferfiak es a nők osszpontszamai kozott nem volt szignifikans kulonbseg (p = 0,725). Az alacsony eletkor szignifikansan javitotta az elert osszpontszamokat (p = 0,003). A nappali tagozatosok szignifikansan magasabb osszpontszamot ertek el, mint a levelezősok (p = 0,004). Az egyes kepzőintezmenyek hallgatoinak osszpontszamai kozott szignifikans kulonbseg nem volt ...

A hétévesnél fiatalabb gyermeket nevelő szülők háziorvosokkal való elégedettsége Magyarországon

Absztrakt Bevezetes: A gyermek-alapellatas fejlesztese abban az esetben valosulhat meg hatekonyan, ha ismerjuk az ellatok es ellatottak velemenyet is. Celkitűzes: A kutatas celja volt a 0–7 eves gyermeket nevelő szulők elegedettsegenek felmerese gyermekuk haziorvosaval kapcsolatban. Modszer: A kutatas a Tarsadalmi Megujulas Operativ Program 6.1.4/12/1-2012-0001 „Koragyermekkori (0–7 ev) program” kiemelt projekt kereteben zajlott Budapesten es tovabbi ot megyeben. Az adatfelvetelt kovetően 980 kerdőiv volt ertekelhető (n = 980), tovabba 10 fokuszcsoportos interjuban 93 szulő (n = 93) vett reszt. Eredmenyek: A kerdőivekben adott valaszok alapjan (1–4 skalan ertekelve) a szulők leginkabb az orvostol kapott tajekoztatassal voltak elegedettek (3,8), legelegedetlenebbek pedig a varakozasi idővel es a rendeles időpontjaval (3,4). A fokuszcsoportos interjuk eredmenye hasonloan alakult a kerdőives vizsgalat eredmenyeihez. Kovetkeztetesek: Az eredmenyek birtokaban a megkerdezett szulők kerdőivekben es fokuszcsoport...

246: FIRST AID TRAINING FOR KINDERGARTEN AND PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Crit Care Med 2015 • Volume 43 • Number 12 (Suppl.) to measure SA during CA/RR scenarios. Methods: Thirteen Critical Care Fellows were randomized to receive Simulation Based Training (SBT, n=7) or Lecture Based Training (LBT, n=6) in Situation Awareness and management of CA/RR scenarios. Each group then underwent 8 testing cases of High Fidelity Simulation CA/RR scenarios, with the team leaders’ Situation Awareness evaluated by a trained observer using the subjective SABAR (SA Behaviorally Anchored Rating) scale. The scenario was interrupted at standard times to allow the participants to fill out the objective SAGAT (SA Global Assessment Technique) scale. Results: Overall, it was found that there was no statistically significant correlation between the SABAR (subjective) and SAGAT (objective) scores for all of the sessions combined (r=0.14, p=0.52). Furthermore, within each of the individual sessions, there was no statistically significant correlation seen: for the LBT testing session (r=0.18, p=0.67), for the SBT training session (r=0.07, p=0.88). However, for the SBT testing session the correlation was stronger (r=0.59, p=0.13). Conclusions: In this study, there was no statistically significant correlation found between objective and subjective measurements of SA during CA/RR scenarios. However, there was a stronger correlation observed as more training was performed. Further research is required to evaluate the most accurate scale for measurement of SA, and what changes can be made to improve the correlation between subjective and objective measurements of SA. Although subjective scales can observe behaviors, objective measurement of SA is still the gold standard.

337: HOW HEALTHY ARE HUNGARY’S AMBULANCE PERSONNEL?–A REPRESENTATIVE STUDY

Crit Care Med 2015 • Volume 43 • Number 12 (Suppl.) system accepted by the University of Pecs) and completed it with demographic data (gender, age, professional yr and background). Depending on the performance, a participant could achieve 0–1 or 0-1-2 points per task. The maximum score was 12. For the statistical analysis we used T-test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test and descriptive statistics. Results: The average score at BLS achieved by the nurses was 9,40 while the assistants achieved 9,13 points. There was no significant difference between BLS-skills of the nurses and assistants (p=0,58). There was difference between gender’s BLS points, women: 9,51 points, men: 8,11 points (p=0,02). There was no correlation between BLS-skill and work yr (p=0,73). The age doesn’t affect the BLS points (p=0,53). The calculations showed that from the 102 participants, 50 had proper BLS skills, while in case of the remaining 52 staff members the BLS skills were not adequate. 22,00% of the nurses and 40,40% of the assistants had never thought about safety (p=0,04). Another major difference was between contact and gender (p=0,01). Conclusions: It would be necessary for the hospital staff to attend resuscitation training. Frequently organized trainings would help keeping the resuscitation knowledge up to date, to complement the lack of knowledge and correct the mistakes. It would also help making the staff members more self-confident, which could reduce inaccuracy caused by nervousness.