Bansibadan Maji

Entropy maximization based segmentation, transmission and Wavelet Fusion of MRI images

A method of progressive transmission of Magnetic Resonance Image with lesions over long distances is proposed. The Magnetic Resonance Images at the transmitter end are segregated on the basis of presence of lesions. Entropy Maximization using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm that incorporates a Wavelet theory based mutation operation is used for segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images. It applies the Multi-resolution Wavelet theory to overcome the stagnation phenomena of the Particle Swarm Optimization. Thus the segmentation algorithm using Hybrid Particle Swarm Algorithm explores the solution space more effectively for a better solution. Varying percentages of Discrete Cosine Transform coefficients of segmented Magnetic Resonance Images are used for progressive image transmission. For a particular image data, the progressively received images are of different resolutions. At the receivers end the progressively received images of different resolutions are fused using Multi-resolution wavelet analysis to get a visually suitable image for diagnosis. The doctor or a radiologist identifies a particular class of image with lesions and may ask for the entire un-segmented Magnetic Resonance Image dataset of a particular patient for further diagnosis. The proposed system helps to reduce the load on the system by choosing not to transmit the Magnetic Resonance Images without lesions.

MRI segmentation using Entropy maximization and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with Wavelet Mutation

A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm that incorporates a Wavelet theory based mutation operation is used for segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images. We use Entropy maximization using Hybrid Particle Swarm algorithm with Wavelet based mutation operation to get the region of interest of the Magnetic Resonance Image. It applies the Multi-resolution Wavelet theory to enhance the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in exploring the solution space more effectively for a better solution. Tests on various MRI images with lesions show that lesions are successfully extracted.

T-Gate: Concept of partial polarization in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) plays a pivotal role in the emerging field of Nano electronics as well as in digital finite state machine design arena. Several gates and their proposals exist in this field all of which are recognized for their own characteristics. Majority voter is one of the several schemes of QCA. In this paper, a new gate termed as T-gate is proposed which is validated by thirteen standard functions and two input multiplexer circuit which reflects the reduction in the effective area as compared to the realization of the same by earlier methods. The T-gate can function as a universal logic gate and also as an inverter which can be realized by using fewer numbers of cells. T-gate implementation of 2×1 Multiplexer require no wire crossings and shows noticeable reduction in the cell count.

Channel Capacity Analysis of MIMO System in Correlated Nakagami-m Fading Environment

We consider Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) systems in correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Nakagami-m fading channels with equal power allocated to each transmit antenna and also we consider that the channel state information (CSI) is available only at the receiver. Now for practical application, study of the VBLAST MIMO system in correlated environment is necessary. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the channel capacity in correlated and uncorrelated channel condition and also validated the result with appropriate mathematical relation.

Decision Feedback Equalization for MIMO Systems

This paper deals with the implementation of decision feedback equalization-based receivers for MIMO systems in correlated Nakagami-m channel. Moreover, suboptimal, pre-equalization combining decision feedback receiver (DFE) architectures are examined and performance is compared with its linear counterparts.

Implementation of High Performance Vedic Multiplier and Design of DSP Operations Using Vedic Sutra

Digital signal processing (DSP) operations are very important part of engineering as well as medical discipline. Designing of DSP operations have many approaches. For the designing of DSP operations, multiplication plays a important role to perform signal processing operations such as convolution and correlation. The aim of this paper is to design a multiplier circuit based on Vedic sutras and method for DSP operations based on ancient Vedic mathematics is contemplated. In this paper, we have given the design up to multipliers based on Vedic multiplication sutra ‘Urdhva-Tiryakbhyam’ the design of 4 × 4 has been sketched in DSCH2 and all the outputs have been given. The layout of those circuits has also been generated by Microwind. The internal circuit diagram of all the blocks has been explained. The noise power have been calculated by T-Spice-13 in 45 nm Technology. This algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and also compared with the inbuilt functions in MATLAB.

Majority-layered T hybridization using quantum-dot cellular automata

Abstract The atomistic quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) based implementations of the reversible circuits have got tremendous exposures in the last few days, due to “room-temperature workability” of the QCA. The researchers are in serious need of a methodology that can realize the area-efficient QCA counterparts of reversible benchmark circuits. In this work, a novel methodology named majority-layered T hybridization is proposed to synthesize the reversible circuits using QCA. Firstly the reversible library consisting of CNTS Gates have been generated to validate the usability of the proposed methodology. Then, an elementary QCA module of 3×3 Toffoli Gate have been proposed and extended in the realization of 4×4, 5×5 and 6×6 Toffoli Gates (multi-control Toffoli Gates). The proper mathematical modelling of the several QCA design metrics like effective area, delay and O-cost has been established. The QCA counterpart of 3×3 Toffoli Gate reports 18.61% less effective area and 8.33% less O-cost compared to the previous Toffoli Gate designs. Moreover, the QCA layout of rd-32 reversible benchmark using multi-control Toffoli Gate has been employed to verify the scalability and reproducibility of the proposed methodology. The QCA layouts are generated, tested and simulated by renowned computer aided design tool QCADesigner 2.0.3.

Layered T comparator design using quantum-dot cellular automata

Comparator is crucial block in Central Processing Unit especially in the process of “Data Searching-Sorting” where huge amount of data needs to be searched during the Database Management operations. In this work, the logic design of 1-bit Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) comparator has been proposed using the Layered-T AND and OR Gates. The proposed comparator layout needs 9.02% less effective area compared to the best reported design so far. The effect of cell misplacements on the proposed layout is thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the other QCA design metrics such as O-Cost, CostI are calculated for the proposed 1-bit Layered T Comparator circuit. The functionality of the proposed circuit is verified by computer aided design tool QCADesigner 2.0.3.

Capacity Analysis of ZF Receiver in Correlated MIMO Nakagami-m Channel

We investigate the ergodic capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in Nakagami-m fading channels with linear receivers. Particularly in this paper, zero-forcing (ZF) receiver is considered. In this paper, we were able to demonstrate the impact of the channel impairment on the channel eigenvalues of the MIMO system and also represent the useful insights into the impact of the correlated Nakagami-m channel parameters (e.g., correlation coefficient and Nakagami fading parameter m).

Search of appropriate semiconductor for PIN Diode fabrication in terms of resistance analysis

The PIN diode is a promising device in the field of power electronics due to its lower reverse leakage current and lower capacitance. Power electronics industry searches suitable semiconductors as conventional silicon saturates in context of impedance performances with a specified device configuration in the analysis of PIN diode. This paper considers the different materials like Si, Ge, GaAs, SiC-3C, SiC-4H, SiC-6H, GaN-wZ, GaN-zB, InAs to study the variation of intrinsic resistance, junction resistance and total resistance with respect to forward current as well as to study these same parameters with respect to width of the intrinsic region. The characteristics of intrinsic, junction and total resistances of PIN diodes with 10mA forward bias current and 50 micron width of the intrinsic region are noted. Finally it concludes and proposes the superior semiconductor material for PIN diode.