Barbara Schultz

Trends der Siedlungsflächenentwicklung und ihre Steuerung in der Schweiz und Deutschland

In Western industrialized countries, land consumption for housing has been on the increase for decades. This type of land consumption is mainly a result of an increase in wealth and the technical, economic and societal changes of the last fifty years. It has been largely decou pled from population growth. In many countries, ongoing land consumption is perceived as both a key factor and a major problem for a sustainable development. The need for a long-term reduction of land consumption for housing has gained increased political importance, especially in connection with the United Nations Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002. This article describes and analyzes the present and future developments in settlement growth in Switzerland and Germany. Based on the analysis, the concluding sections highlight the implementation strategies of both countries to reduce land consumption for settlements.

Nachhaltige kantonale Richtplanung

Spatial planning in Switzerland is based on the principle of precaution. The cantonal guiding plans are strategic management tools for spatial development. They could determine spatial development more than they do currently. The updated land use statistics of Switzerland demonstrate an unsustainable development which spatial planning could not prevent. This leads necessarily to a stronger consideration of the principle of sustainable development in Swiss planning. A first step could be made within the domain of cantonal guiding planning. The objective is to strengthen the axiom of precaution and to establish a more effective and process oriented guiding planning. A deduction of operative objectives for spatial development from the general objectives of sustainable development is required. To be measurable, these objectives should be related to a set of indicators. To ensure sustainability oriented steering of guiding plans adoption of controlling and monitoring instruments is essential.

Indikatorengestütztes Controlling der Richtplanung in der Schweiz

KurzfassungIn der Fachliteratur mehren sich seit geraumer Zeit wieder Beiträge, die die Einführung eines Controlling in der Regionalplanung fordern. Die Idee des Controlling in der Raumplanung ist nicht neu, aber zu einer breiten und institutionalisierten Umsetzung ist es bisher nicht gekommen. In der Schweiz wird das Thema Controlling in der Raumplanung seit Mitte der 90er Jahre intensiv diskutiert und seit kurzem werden verstärkt Anstrengungen unternommen, Controlling als integralen Bestandteil der kantonalen Richtplanung zu etablieren. Zahlreiche kantonale Raumplanungsämter erarbeiten Controllingkonzepte für die Richtpläne, die in Bezug auf Inhalt und Maßstab mit den deutschen Regionalplänen vergleichbar sind. Am Fallbeispiel des Kantons Luzern werden im folgenden Beitrag methodische Arbeitsschritte zur Einführung und Durchführung eines Controllingkonzepts dargestellt. Abschließend wird erörtert, ob sich ein solcher Ansatz auf die Regionalplanung in Deutschland übertragen lässt.AbstractRecently, planning articles claim the introduction of controlling mechanisms in regional planning. The idea of controlling mechanisms in planning is not new, however, it has never been institutionalised. In Switzerland controlling mechanisms in spatial planning are strongly discussed since the middle of the nineties. At the moment efforts are carried out to integrate controlling mechanisms into cantonal guiding planning. Several cantonal spatial planning authorities are working on concepts for controlling mechanisms for cantonal guiding plans which correspond in content and scale to the German regional plans. The present article highlights the case study of the recently developed concept of controlling mechanisms for the guiding plan of the canton of Lucerne. Finally it discusses whether the approach can be transfered to regional planning in Germany.

Indicator Sets on City and Cantonal Levels in Switzerland: Tools for Sustainable Development

With the integration of the principle of sustainable development into the new Federal Constitution in 1999, sustainability gained a strong foothold on the federal level in Switzerland. In 1996, the Interdepartmental Committee Rio (IDCRio) published an inventory entitled Sustainable Development for Switzerland (BUWAL 1996), which assessed the implementation of sustainable development in different policy branches of the Helvetian Confederation. Spatial planning was identified as an action field for the realization of sustainable development (see UVEK 1999; Keiner 2001). The Council for Sustainable Development worked out a plan of action for Switzerland (BUWAL 1997) with middle- to long-term objectives and recommendations for implementation in sectoral policies. From this, a sustainability strategy of the Federal Council was derived (Bundesrat 1999). With regard to the RIO+10 summit in Johannesburg in 2002, this strategy has been updated to an action plan as the Strategy for Sustainable Development 2002 (Bundesrat 2002).

Measuring Sustainability and Quality-of-Life in the City of Zurich

From the outside, the City of Zurich offers the best living conditions in the world. However, problems exist. Zurich has its own definition of sustainable urban development. In order that Zurich becomes more sustainable, local level indicator-based approaches to assess Quality-Of-Life are indispensable. An indicator set was developed and harmonized with that of the City of Basel. As this work was developed solely by experts, other methods was required to communicate the results of sustainability evaluation and to assess the satisfaction of Zurich’s inhabitants. For this, interactive computer based games were designed as well as polls of residents were undertaken.