Basaran Dulger

Synthesis and investigation of antimicrobial activity of some bisbenzimidazole-derived chelating agents.

The 1,2-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-1,2-ethanediol (1), 1,4-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetraol (2), 1,3-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-2-thiapropane (3), 1,3-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-2-thia-propane-dihydrochloride (4), 1,5-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-3-thiapentane (5), and 1,5-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-3-thiapentane dihydrochloride (6) chelating ligands are synthesised and characterised by using analytical data and modem spectroscopic methods such as FT-Raman, FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers. Their antimicrobial activities are reported by comparing the in vitro activities, with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, ampicillin and cefazolin antibacterial agents against fresh clinical isolates. Antifungal activities are reported on Candida albicans, Candida utilis, Cryptococcus neoformans fungi, and the results are referenced with amphotericin-B, fluconazole and flucytosine antifungal agents. It has been found that all the compounds have broad spectra activity and was either more active or equipotent to those compared antibiotic and antifungal agents.

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of water soluble dendritic macromolecules.

Several families of water soluble dendrimers were synthesized based on poly(propyleneoxide) amines (Jeffamines) (P(1)). P(1)-core and branched units were constructed from both methylacrylate and ethylenediamine (P(2)-P(9), and generations 0-3 with -NH(2), -COOH functionalities). They were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FT-IR, (1)H, and (13)C NMR. The antimicrobial activities of only water soluble compounds (P(1), P(3), P(4), P(6), P(7) and P(9)) were evaluated using disk diffusion method in water as well as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) dilution method against 9 bacteria. The obtained results from disk diffusion method are assessed in side-by-side comparison with those of Penicillin-g, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Vancomycin, Oflaxacin, and Tetracycline, well-known antibacterial agents. The results from dilution procedure are compared with Gentamycin as antibacterial and Nystatin as antifungal. The antifungal activities are reported on five yeast cultures namely, Candida albicans, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, and the results are referenced with Nystatin, Ketaconazole, and Clotrimazole, commercial antifungal agents. In most cases, the compounds show broad-spectrum (gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) activities that are comparatively higher or equipotent to the antibiotic and antifungal agents in the comparison tests.

Antimicrobial Activity of Three Endemic Verbascum Species

The extracts obtained from three Verbascum L. species (Verbascum olympicum Boiss., Verbascum prusianum Boiss., and Verbascum bombyciferum Boiss.) have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Growth inhibition, using the agar disc diffusion assay, was determined against Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Micrococcus luteus La 2971, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Salmonella thyphi ATCC 19430, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 27893, Corynebacterium xerosis CCM 2824, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 2067, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763. We found that Verbascum L. species showed antimicrobial activity against the Gr(+) bacteria and yeasts, but no activity was seen against the Gr(-) bacteria used in this study.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Some Endemic Scrophulariaceae. Members from Turkey

Abstract The methanol extracts obtained from endemic Scrophulariaceae. members Verbascum protractum. Fenel ex Tchihat., Verbascum bellum. Hub.-Mor., Verbascum dalamanicum. Hub.-Mor., Scrophularia mersinensis. Lall, Scrophularia cryptophila. Boiss. & Heldr., Pedicularis olympica. Boiss., and Veronica lycica. E. Lehm. have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined with Escherichia coli. ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus. ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae. UC57, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris. ATCC 8427, Bacillus cereus. ATCC 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis. CCM 2067, Listeria monocytogenes. ATCC 15313, Micrococcus luteus. CCM 169, Candida albicans. ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra. DSM 70403, and Kluyveromyces fragilis.ATCC 8608 by the disk diffusion method. The extracts of all Scrophulariaceae members used in this study had strong antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria and yeast cultures.

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Endemic Verbascum, Salvia, and Stachys Species

Methanol extracts obtained from endemic Stachys sivasica Kit Tan & Yildiz, Stachys anamurensis Sumbul, Stachys cydni Kotschy ex Gemici & Leblebici, Salvia aytachii Vural & Adiguzel, and Verbascum gypsicola Vural & Aydogdu have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined with Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Stapylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 2067, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Micrococcus luteus CCM 169, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403, and Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608 by the disk-diffusion method. Verbascum gypsicola extracts had strong antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacteria and the yeast cultures. The extracts of Stachys L. were effective only against bacteria. The extracts of Salvia aytachii demonstrated an antimicrobial effect against bacteria and the yeast cultures used in this study.

Synthesis, Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic data and antimicrobial activity of mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds

Mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic ligands 1,3,5,11,13,15-hexaaza-6,10,16,20-tetraoxo-8,18-dithia-2,3,4:12,13,14-dipyridine cyclocosane (L(1)); 1,3,5,12,14,16-hexeaza-6,11,17,22-tetraoxo-8,9,19,20-tetrathia-2,3,4:13,14,15-dipyridine cyclodocosane (L(2)); 1,3,5,13,15,17-hexaaza-6,12,18,24-tetraoxo-9,21-dithia-2,3,4:14,15,16-dipyridine cyclotetracosane (L(3)) and 1,3,5,14,16,18-hexaaza-6,13,19,26-tetraoxo-9,10,22,23-tetrathia-2,3,4:15,16,17-dipyridine cyclohexacosane (L(4)) were synthesised. The structural features of the ligands have been studied by elemental analyses, Raman, IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the ligands were evaluated using disk diffusion method in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) dilution method, against nine bacteria. The obtained results from disk diffusion method were assessed in side-by-side comparison with those of penicillin G, ampicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, ofloxacin, and tetracycline well known antibacterial agents. The results from dilution procedure were compared with gentamycin as antibacterial and nystatin as antifungal. The antifungal activities are reported on five yeast cultures namely Candida albicans, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, and the results are referenced with nystatin, Ketoconazole, and clotrimazole, commercial antifungal agents. In most cases, the compounds show broad-spectrum (Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria) activities that were more active or equipotent to the antibiotic and antifungal agents in the comparison tests.

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Lactarius Species

The extracts obtained from six Lactarius species [Lactarius deterrimus Grager, Lactarius sanguifluus (Paul.: Fr.) Fr., Lactarius semisanguifluus Heim et Leclair, Lactarius piperatus Scop. ex Fr., Lactarius deliciosus (L. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray and Lactarius salmonicolor Heim et Leclair] have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Growth inhibition using agar disk diffusion assays was determined against: Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 2971, Stapylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Salmonella thyphi ATCC 19430, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Corynebacterium xerosis CCM 2824, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 2067, Candida albicans ATCC10231 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763. As a result of this study, we have found that Lactarius species revealed antimicrobial activity against some Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, but showed no antagonistic effect against yeasts used in this study.

Synthesis, Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and DNA binding of new mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds

Series of new mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic ligands 1,9(2,6)-ditriazina-2,8,10,16-tetraaza-3,7,11,15-tetraoxo-5,13-dithia-cyclohexadecaphan-1(4),9(4)-diphenyl (L(1)); 1,10(2,6)-ditri azina-2,9,11,18-tetraaza-3,8,12,17-tetraoxo-5,6,14,15-tetrathia-cyclooctadecaphan-1(4),10(4)-diphenyl (L(2)); 1,11(2,6)-ditriazina-2,10,12,20-tetraaza-3,9,13,19-tetraoxo-6,16-dithia-cyclocosa-phan-1(4),11(4)-diphenyl (L(3)); 1,12(2,6)-ditriazina-2,11,13,22-tetraaza-3,10,14,21-tetraoxo-6,7,17,18-tetrathia-cyclodocosaphan-1(4),12(4)-diphenyl (L(4)) were synthesised. The structural features of the compounds have been studied by elemental analyses, Mass, FT-Raman, FT-IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the ligands were evaluated using disk diffusion method in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) dilution method, against several bacteria and yeast cultures. The obtained results from both methods were assessed in side-by-side comparison with commercial antibacterial and antifungal agents. In most cases, the compounds show strong antifungal activity in the comparison tests. Cytotoxic activities of the ligands against two different human cancer cell lines, stomach (23132/87) and lung (A549) were determined by MTT assay. DNA fragmentation assay tested cell lines were used to analyze the DNA ladder formation which is a characteristic of apoptotic cell death. The binding of the ligands with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has also been investigated by absorption spectroscopy.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Some Endemic Verbascum., Sideritis., and Stachys. Species from Turkey

Abstract Methanol extracts obtained from endemic Verbascum pseudoholotrichum. Hub.-Mor., Verbascum cymigerum. Hub.-Mor., Verbascum cholorostegium. Bornm. & Murb., Verbascum linguifolium. Hub.-Mor., Verbascum pellitum. Hub.-Mor., Sideritis brevidens. P.H. Davis, Sideritis cilicica. Boiss. & Bal., Sideritis vuralii. H. Duman & Baser, Stachys aleurites. Boiss. & Heldr., and Stachys pinardii. Boiss. have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined with Escherichia coli. ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus. ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae. UC57, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris. ATCC 8427, Bacillus cereus. ATCC 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis. CCM 2067, Listeria monocytogenes. ATCC 15313, Micrococcus luteus. CCM 169, Candida albicans. ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra. DSM 70403, and Kluyveromyces fragilis. ATCC 8608 by the disk diffusion method. Verbascum. L. extracts had strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast cultures. The extracts of Stachys. L. were effective only against bacteria. The extracts of Sideritis. L. demonstrated antimicrobial effects against the bacteria and the yeast cultures used in this study.

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Endemic Scrophulariaceaefrom Turkey

Abstract Methanol extracts obtained from endemic Scrophulariaceae, Verbascum chianophyllum. Hub.-Mor., V. cilicium. Boiss., V. trapifolium. (Stapf) Hub.-Mor., V. meinckeanum. Murb., V. lyratifolium. Köchel, Scrophularia trichopoda. Boiss. & Bal., S. candelabrum. Heywood, and Pedicularis cadmea. Boiss., have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined with Escherichia coli. ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus. 6538-P, Klebsiella pneumoniae. UC57, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ATCC 27583, Proteus vulgaris. ATCC 8427, Bacillus cereus. ATCC 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis. CCM 2067, Listeria monocytogenes. ATCC 15313, Micrococcus luteus. CCM 169, Candida albicans. ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra. DSM 70403, and Kluyveromyces fragilis. ATCC 8608 by the disk diffusion method. The extracts of all plant species had strong antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts, but no activity was seen against the Gram-negative bacteria used in this study.