Basuvaraj Suresh Kumar

K10 montmorillonite clays as environmentally benign catalysts for organic reactions

Montmorillonite is one of the most intensively explored catalytic materials in heterogeneous catalysis due to its low cost and eco-friendliness. Also, it possesses some unique properties like cation exchange capacity and swelling ability, thereby accommodating various guest species in its interlayers. In this Perspective, we describe the catalytic utility of K10-montmorillonite as solid acids and supports for complexes or metal nanoparticles in unimolecular as well as bimolecular reactions as reported mainly by our group. A very brief introduction is presented to highlight the structural properties of K10 clay and its merits in heterogeneous catalysis. The main part of this review is organized according to the role of clay in various organic reactions. An emphasis is given to highlighting the greenness of the processes, and a fair comparison is also provided between clay catalysts with respect to other homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Finally, we summarize the current status and provide our views on future trends and developments.

Fabrication of Pd Nanoparticles Embedded C@Fe3O4 Core-Shell Hybrid Nanospheres: An Efficient Catalyst for Cyanation in Aryl Halides.

Isolated chemical reactors were fabricated by integrating catalytically active sites (Pd) with magnetic functionality (Fe3O4) along with carbon while preserving the constituents functional properties to realize the structure-property relationship of Pd by comparing the catalytic activity of spherical Pd NPs with cubical Pd NPs for cyanation in aryl halides using K4[Fe(CN)6] as a green cyanating agent to yield corresponding nitriles. The superior catalytic reactivity of the cubical Pd NPs is attributed to the larger number of {100} surface facets. The TEM images of reused catalyst shows the change in structure from cubical to spherical nanoparticles, attributed to the efficient leaching susceptibility of Pd {100} surface facets. The cubical Pd NPs on carbon@Fe3O4 is attractive in view of its high catalytic efficiency, easy synthesis, magnetic separability, environmental friendliness, high stability, gram scale applicability, and reusability.

Synthesis, characterization, and DNA binding studies of nanoplumbagin

The traditional anticancer medicine plumbagin (PLN) was prepared as nanostructured material (nanoplumbagin, NPn1) from its commercial counterparts, simultaneously coencapsulating with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or cyclodextrin as stabilizers using ultrasonication technique. Surface morphology of NPn analysed from atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that NPn has tunable size between 75 nm and 100 nm with narrow particle size distribution. Its binding efficiency with herring sperm DNA was studied using spectral and electrochemical techniques and its efficiency was found to be more compared to the commercial microcrystalline plumbagin (PLN). DNA cleavage was also studied by gel electrophoresis. The observed results indicate that NPn1 has better solubility in aqueous medium and hence showed better bioavailability compared to its commercial counterparts.

Fabrication of magnetic ZIF-8 hybrid nanostructures: A pH-responsive delivery vehicle for berberine

W have carried out efficient Group based quantitative structure–activity relationships (GQSAR) exploring the relationship between the structures of a new promising family of 2-phenazinamine derivatives and their anticancer activities. We have developed residential evocative model, in order to aid in further optimization and expansion of newer anticancer agents containing novel pharmacophore. G-QSAR was performed on VLife molecular design suite (MDS) 4.2 version software. The extrapolative authority of the G-QSAR was checked through the cross-validation method and also by separating some compounds as fraction for external test set. The synthesis of five novel 2-phenazinamine derivatives was carried out successfully by chemical modifications suggested by the GQSAR model developed and by making use of its molecular descriptors. The screening of in vitro anticancer activity on K562 cell line was done in Tata Memorial Cancer Research Center Mumbai, India. The results display an improvement in anti-cancer activity. Phenazinamine and the analogues have better binding interactions with Oxidoreductase (PDB: 1YYD.) The binding energies of the protein-ligand interactions also confirm that the ligands fit into the active pockets of receptor tightly. The docking scores of PDB cavity (most hydrophobic area) and ligand suggests efficient binding interactions. These studies have been performed by using Autodock 4.2 version software. Thus, the synthesized phenazinamine derivatives can be used as a lead for further preparing promising future anticancer drug candidates.A comparative cross sectional study was conducted during the period from 2013 to 2015 to assess the plasma levels of interleukin 6, high sensitive C reactive protein and lipid profile among Sudanese with type2 diabetes mellitus. Two hundred patients with type2 diabetes mellitus were selected as a test group compared with a control 1 Corresponding author: halfa88@hotmail.com Mohamed A. M. Salih, Yassir B. F. Basher, Mona O. Ahmed, Tagwa A. M. Salih, Mamoun M. ElmannaAssessment of Interleukin 6, High Sensitive C reactive Protein and Lipid Profile Levels among Sudanese with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. III, Issue 11 / February 2016 11969 group which included 100 healthy volunteers. Blood specimens were collected from both groups and glycated hemoglobin, interleukin 6, high sensitive C reactive protein and lipid profile were estimated. Age and gender of the test group were matched with the control group. Spectrophotometeric methods were used for measurement of lipid profile. Glycated hemoglobin was measured by using fluorescence immunoassay technology (sandwich immunodetection method) and the high sensitive C-reactive protein was measured by using immuneturbidmetric method. Furthermore, Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to estimate interleukin 6. Statistical package for social science (SPSS version 16) computer software was used for data analysis. The results of this study indicated a significant increase in mean of the plasma interleukin 6, high sensitive C reactive protein and lipid profile of the test group when compared with the healthy control group, and a significant elevation in mean of the interleukin 6, high sensitive C reactive protein and triacylglycerol in uncontrolled type2 diabetic patients when compared with the mean of those controlled type2 diabetic but there was no significant differences in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein. Also there was a significant elevation in mean of plasma interleukin 6, high sensitive C reactive protein and lipid profile in obese with type2 diabetes mellitus when compared with the mean of non obese type2 diabetic patients. Furthermore, the result indicated a significant positive correlation between high sensitive C reactive protein in type2 diabetic patients to level of interleukin 6, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triacylglycerol; however, there was a negative correlation between high sensitive C reactive protein to high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between interleukin 6 and lipid profile.The use of natural products derived from plants for therapeutic purpose is as ancient as human civilization. Sandbox tree, Hura crepitans L. (Euphorbiaceae) is one of such plant and has been reported to have many ethnomedicinal applications especially as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antihepatotoxic effects. This recent study was designed to determine the anti-hepatotoxic activity of the ethylacetate soluble fraction of the leaves and stem bark of H. crepitans and to isolate secondary metabolites. Chromatographic technique was used for isolation and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV), Infra-red (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were used for structural elucidation. Antihepatotoxicity study was carried out using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced rat model and biochemical parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), L-ãglutamyltransferase (GGT), urea and creatinine (CREA) were assayed on the serum. Phytomicrographs of the liver samples were also taken and analyzed. Our present study showed that biochemical studies of blood samples of CCl4 treated rats with value 105.0±0.001 AU inALT showed significant increase in the level of serum enzyme activities reflecting liver injury but, 69.0±13.23 AU for leaves and 53.3±2.52 AU for bark (p<0.05) indicated protection of hepatic cells. AST, GGT, urea and CREA also reduced significantly. Daphnane diterpenes, daphnetoxin acid and huratoxin were isolated from H. crepitans in this recent study along with apocynin and methylpentadecanoate.Conclusion: H. crepitans significantly reduced the level of biochemical parameters indicating protection against hepatocellular injury. Isolates obtained from this plant could also serve as lead compounds in therapy of diseases involving hepatic injury.A efficient and sensitive method based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/ MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of meptazinol and its three metabolites, 7-oxomeptazinol (M1), 3-hydroxyethylmeptazinol (M2) and N-desmethylmeptazinol (M3), in human plasma. After enzymolysis and protein precipitation, chromatographic separation within 6.0 min was obtained from Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column using gradient elution. Meptazinol-d3 was used for the internal standard and the analytes were simultaneously determined by using the following [M+H]+ transitions: m/z 234.2→107.2 for meptazinol, m/z 248.2→107.1 for M1, m/z 250.1→107.1 for M2 and m/z 220.2→107.0 for M3. The calibration curves were prepared in the concentration ranges of 100-100000ng/mL for meptazinol, 5-5000ng/mL for M1, 5-500ng/mL for M2 and 50-20000ng/mL for M3. The relative errors ranged from -6.85% to 3.33%, -5.40% to 4.30%, -5.80% to 2.80% and -4.27% to 8.89% for meptazinol, M1, M2 and M3, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of meptazinol and its metabolites in plasma of eight healthy volunteers who had a single oral administration of 400 mg hydrochloride meptazinol capsule.