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Descriptive Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancers in Togo.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to provide epidemiological and histological data of thyroid cancers in Togo. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases of thyroid cancers diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 (15 years) at the pathology laboratory of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lome. All cases of review of a thyroid sample (biopsies, surgical specimens) were collected from the data records of that laboratory. RESULTS Thyroid cancers represented 1.1% (7930 cases) of all cancers registered during the study period. Mean age was 45.4±0.3 years and the proportion of females was 78.3%. We identified 92.4% carcinomas and 7.6% lymphomas. Carcinomas were well differentiated in 80 cases and were dominated by the papillary type (47 cases). Metastasis was observed in 13% of patients. The pTNM classification evaluated in 18 cases showed a predominance of grade I (13 cases). Lymphomas were dominated by lymphoma diffuse large B-cell (5 cases). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first global standard for thyroid cancer pathology in Togo. The high frequency of follicular form suggests an unrecognized iodine deficiency. The improvement of the technical platform of the LAP (immunohistochemistry) will increase the diagnosis of rare forms of thyroid cancer.

Tuberculosis of the thyroid in Togo: a clinicopathologic study of 11 presumed cases

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a real public health concern in Africa; thyroid localisation of the disease is a very rare form of extrapulmonary TB. We conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study on all histologically proved cases of thyroid TB diagnosed in Togo over the last 20 years. Eleven cases of TB of the thyroid were identified, of which nine were in women, with an average age of 29.4 ± 0.2 years. The clinical signs were the presence of a nodule in seven, an abscess in three and a swelling with cutaneous fistulisation in one. Thyroid involvement alone was found in four, associated with pleuropulmonary TB in six and mammary TB in one. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection was present in six. All histopathology results showed inflammatory granulomata with caseous necrosis. The clinical features are often misleading and pose a real diagnostic problem, especially with differentials of simple abscess and cancer.

Bacteriological profile of suppurative cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin at the Lomé-CHU campus

Background: Cervico facial cellulitis is mainly complications of oral infections. A better knowledge of the main germs involved and their susceptibility to antibiotics is necessary for their treatment. Methods: Three-year prospective study, carried out in the odontostomatology department of the CHU-Campus of Lome, fifty-five patients were included. The pus was taken by suction in a sterile single-use syringe and then directly seeded on agar. The incubation was carried out for 48 h. Results: The sample consisted of 28 men and 27 women. Fifty-four point fifty percent of patients were between 14 and 40 years of age. Forty-four cultures (80%) were positive. The main germs isolated were Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococci , Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumoniae . The study showed good susceptibility of staphylococcus to quinolones, from streptococcus to aminoglycosides, quinolones, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and Enterobacteria to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and quinolones. In the same way, the total resistance of all these germs to tetracyclines was proved. Conclusions: The resistance of Staphylococci and Streptococcus to betalactamins is a real public health problem.

Cancers primitifs oto-rhino-laryngologiques et cervico-maxillo-faciaux: aspects épidémiologiques et histopathologiques

INTRODUCTION Establish the panorama of primitive oto-rhino-laryngology and cervico-maxillofacial tumors diagnosed at a reference center in Togo. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of cancers diagnosed at the ORL and cervico-maxillofacial surgery department of the CHU Sylvanus Olympio of Lomé. It was conducted over a period of 10 years (1 January 2005 - 31 December 2014). RESULTS ORL and cervico-maxillofacial tumors account for 0.48% of consultations and 15.3% of all ORL tumors. The average age of patients was 47 years, ranging from 3 months to 86 years. We noted a male predominance; the sex ratio was 1.45. Drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco prevailed in the cancer of the larynx. Upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) tumors accounted for 64,8%, with a prevalence of cancers of the oral cavity (36,2% of UAT), followed by cancers of the oropharynx (18,5% of UAT) and finally by cancers of the larynx (18,1% of UAT). Primary malignant cervical adenopathies accounted for 18%. The rarest lesions were cancers of the ear and of maxillomandibular bone tissue (2.24% each). Histology was dominated by squamous cell carcinoma (61.4%) followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (23.2%). CONCLUSION ORL and cervico-maxillofacial tumors are frequent in Togo and can be diagnosed at any age. The predominant tumor types reported are those of the oral cavity, pharynx and primary malignant cervical adenopathies.

Upper aero digestive tract cancers: epidemiological and histopathological aspects in Togo

Background: The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of cancer of the upper aero digestive tract (UAT) in a reference service in Togo . Methods: It was a retrospective study about UAT cancers diagnosed in the ENT and maxillofacial surgery department of Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lome in Togo from 1st January 2005 to 31 December 2014, or a period of 10 years . Results: The UAT cancers represented 0.3% of consultations and 64.8% of head and neck cancers. The average age of patients was 51.3 years (± 16.5) with extremes of 3 months and 86 years. The sex ratio was 1.77. Chronic smoking was found in 26.4% of patients with 1.6% of women; that of chronic alcoholism among 43.8% of which 7.7% of women and the simultaneous alcoolotabagisme in 20.9% of patients. The UAT cancers were dominated by cancers of the oral cavity (36.2%) with particularly a female predominance (53.2%), followed by the oropharynx (18.5%) and the larynx (18.1%). The squamous cell carcinoma was predominant in UAT cancers (83.5%) followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (8.9%) and adenocarcinoma (2.7%) . Conclusions: UAT cancers are the largest contingent of head and neck cancers in Togo. They occur most often in men from the fifties but there are a high proportion of women. Histology is dominated by squamous cell carcinoma .

Epidemiological and Pathological Aspects of Head and Neck Cancers in Togo

Purpose : Head and neck cancers are a major public health issue. Its current incidence is unknown in Togo. This study aimed at determining the epidemiological and histological features of head and neck cancers in Togo. Materials and Methods : We examined data from patients files recorded in the registers of laboratory of pathology of the university teaching hospital of LomA©. The study concerned data of the patients received from January 1994 to December 2013. We selected only the files whose diagnosis was a cancer. The parameters analyzed were: frequency, age, gender of patients, site, macroscopic and histological type of cancer. Results : Epidemiological, we collected 5234 cases of cancer of which 309cases ORL cancers, representing 5.1% of all cancer cases. The annual frequency was 15.09 cases. The average age was 45 years ranging from 3 to 87 years and a peak incidence between 41-50 years (20%). Sex ratio of 1.55. Concerning pathological, the salivary gland cancers were the most prevalent (28.2%) followed by larynx cancers (24%). Four groups histological were observed: Carcinomas 196cases (63.43%), lymphomas 105cases (33.98%), 6 cases sarcomas (1.94%) and 2cases melanomas (0.65%). The squamous carcinoma (40.78%) was the most frequent carcinomas. The high grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas (48,4%) were common with prevalent Burkitt lymphoma. Conclusion : the head and neck cancers are prevalent in young adults in Togo. The squamous carcinoma is the most common histological type.