Beata Wiśniewska-Kadżajan

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF KELPAK BIOREGULATOR ON THE FORMATION OF ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS COCKSFOOT

Studies with growing cocksfoot (cv. Amila) were performed in polyurethane ring with a diameter of 36 cm and a height of 40 cm, which were dug to a depth of 30 cm and filled with soil material. As the experimental factor the trade name of bioregulator Kelpak SL was used, which includes natural plant hormones (auxin and cytokinin). The following aqueous solutions of growth regulator were used: 20, 40, and 60% and control (no preparation). Kelpak were applied to all three regrowth in the form of spray at a dose of 3cm 3 •ring -1 in the shoots elongation phase of the grass. The full use of experimental objects was in 2011-2012. At that time, the detailed study include aboveground bio[%]

THE INITIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF POA PRATENSIS UNDER THE ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF TARAXACUM OFFICINALE

This experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions. The aim of this work was estimating allelopathic potential of Taraxacum officinale on seeds germination and initial growth of Poa pratensis. In the experiment different concentration of soil’s and plant’s water solution obtained from common dandelion were employed. The inhibition of germination energy of Poa pratensis under the influence of plant extracts produced from roots and leaves of Taraxacum officinale was found. Germination availability was inhibited in a higher degree by extracts prepared from the leaves than the roots of Taraxacum officinale . Higher concentrations of all solutions of both the soil and the plant inhibited the length of seending of Poa pratensis.

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON SELECTED MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF YELLOW PINE

The aim of study was to compare the effects of two growth regulators on selected morphological features of yellow pine. In April 2012, 9 plants of yellow pine Lawson variety were planted to the soil. In April 15, 2013 a research agent in a form of following growth regulators: Asahi SL and Moddus 250-EC was introduced. There were the following experimental objects: C – control (only water spraying), As – Asahi spraying, Md – Moddus spraying. The tested features were: increase in plant height (cm), the increase in needle length (cm) of yellow pine. Measurements of increases in length of needles were made in each case on the same specially marked parts of the plants and performed on 27th of each month from beginning of May to ending of September. Among the used of growth regulators the greatest influence on the height increase of the tested trees as well as on the needle length of yellow pine more affected regulator Moddus. The largest total increase in the needles length of yellow pine was on the object with Modus and Asahi, and on control object it was significantly lower than on objects with growth regulators.

THE ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF TARAXACUM OFFICINALE ON THE INITIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF FESTUCA RUBRA L.

Common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg) is perennial plant often stepping out in very large quantity in the sward of natural meadows. This species expands, enlarging its population very quickly. In the literature there is the lack of data related to influences of the common dandelion on plants growing in it’s neighbourhood. It is also unknown why this species creates large clusters. It may compete with different plants through the allelopatic influence. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test of the influence of water extracts from leaves and from the roots of common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale ) as well as soil extracts from the radicular layer of this species on the germination of the seeds and the initial growth of Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). The investigative material came from leaves and roots of Taraxacum officinale and soil coming from the radicular layer of this species. It was applied most often in biotest experiments on germination. Red fescue was the tested plant. The germination energy of red fescue was the most braked through the plant extracts prepared from roots and leaves of Taraxacum officinale .

THE EFFECT OF SOIL CONDITIONERS ON CELLULOSE, HEMICELLULOSE, AND THE ADL FIBRE FRACTION CONCENTRATION IN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA AND LOLIUM PERENNE

Replicated three times, the research was conducted in the experimental field between 2011 and 2014. Three soil conditioners with the following trade names: UGmax, EkoUżyźniacz, and Humus Active Papka were used in the experiment, separately or together with NPK fertilisers. They were all used on plots sown with two species of grass, Dactylis glomerata of the Bora variety and Lolium perenne of the Info variety. The plant material from both grass species was tested for the concentration of ADL fraction (% DM), cellulose (% DM), and hemicellulose (% DM). It was found that the concentration of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and the ADL fraction was significantly higher in the biomass of Dactylis glomerata than in the biomass of Lolium perenne. The grass from the plot with the UGmax soil conditioner applied had the highest amount of cellulose and hemicellulose. The lowest amount of those organic compounds was found in the grass treated with UGmax together with mineral fertilisers and in plants treated with Humus Active, together with mineral fertilisers. However, the fertilisers and conditioners did not increase the ADL content in both grass species.

EFFECT OF THE GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED CONIFER TREES

Nowadays, substances stimulating the growth and development of different agricultural plant species are used in intensive farming. Some of such plant growth regulators are Asahi SL and Moddus 250-EC. So far the literature dealing with growth regulators has focused mainly on their effects on deciduous trees. Because no data are available on how those substances affect conifer trees, this paper presents description of experiments on the effects of Asahi SL and Moddus 250-EC on the increase of tree height and branch length of Picea pungens and Thuja occidentalis. The research has proved that morphological features of the plants tested in the experiment varied according to which growth regulator was used and in what month the measurements were taken. Conifer trees sprayed with Asahi SL had a bigger yearly height growth rate and bigger growth of branches than those sprayed with the stimulator Moddus 250-EC.

EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE ECKLONIA MAXIMA EXTRACT ON SELECTED MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF YELLOW PINE, SPRUCE AND THUJA STABBING

The study was focused on the impact of an extract of Ecklonia maxima on selected morphological features of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex C. Lawson), prickly spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) Variety Glauca, thuja (Thuja occidentalis) variety Smaragd. The experiment was established in April 12, 2012 on the forest nursery in Ceranów. April 15, 2013 was introduced research agent in the form of a spraying an aqueous solution extract of Ecklonia maxima with trade name Kelpak SL. Biologically active compounds in the extract are plant hormones: auxin and cytokinin. There were studied increment in plant height, needle length of yellow pine, twigs length in prickly spruce and thuja. The measurements of increment in length of twigs and needles were made in each case on the same, specially marked parts of plants and have carried them on the 27th of each month beginning in May and ending in September. The results were evaluated statistically using the analysis of variance. Medium differentiations were verified by Tukey’s test at a significance level p ≤ 0.05. The study showed that the diversity of traits features in the experiment was depended on the extract, the tree species and the measurement time. The best results after the extract using showed a pine and spruce. Seaweed preparation contributed to increment increased of trees height for in the pine and spruce and the needles length of pine and twigs of spruce. The species showing no reaction to the extract was thuja.

Evaluation of the impact of selected microbiological preparations on the development of the aboveground biomass of Trifolium pratense L. / Ocena wpływu wybranych preparatów mikrobiologicznych na kształtowanie się biomasy nadziemnej Trifolium pratense L.

Abstract In order to determine the impact of improved microbiological preparations of soil on the development of the aboveground biomass of red clover (Parade variety) in the 2012-2013 year, field experiment with cultivation of this species was conducted. Experiment factors were three preparations containing composition of soil microorganisms (trade name: UGmax, Humus Active and Ekoużyźniacz). All study objects were carried out in triplicate. The analysed features were: green and dry matter of plant (kg • m-2), plant height (cm), number of shoots (unit • m-2), share of leaves and stems in biomass (%). The plants were cut three times, and collections of fresh weight were carried out at the beginning of flowering, i.e. when in 30-50% of the plants from plots the flower buds bloomed. The results were statistically analysed using analysis of variance. The study shows that the effects of biopreparations were dependent on the type of preparation and cut. Also, the meteorological conditions during the growing season of each research year were highly significant. The highest values of the analysed parameters were obtained for the plants that were sprayed using aqueous solutions of UGmax and Humus Active. There were no clear effects of soil fertilisers on the biomass structure expressed as the percentage of leaves and stems Streszczenie W celu określenia wpływu mikrobiologicznych preparatów użyźniających glebę na kształtowanie się biomasy nadziemnej koniczyny czerwonej (odmiana Parada) w latach 2012-2013 przeprowadzono ścisłe doświadczenie polowe z uprawą tego gatunku. Czynnikiem doświadczenia były 3 preparaty zawierające w swoim składzie mikroorganizmy glebowe (nazwa handlowa: UGmax, Humus Active i Ekoużyźniacz). Wszystkie obiekty prowadzono w trzech powtórzeniach. Analizowane cechy to: wielkość wytworzonej zielonej i suchej masy rośliny (kg • m-2), wysokość roślin (cm), liczba pędów (sztuka • m-2), udział liści i łodyg w biomasie (%). Obiekty użytkowano trzyskośnie, a zbiory świeżej masy przeprowadzano na początku kwitnienia tj. gdy 30-50% roślin na poletku wybarwiło pąki kwiatowe. Uzyskane wyniki opracowano statystycznie stosując analizę wariancji. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że efekty stosowania biopreparatów zależały od rodzaju preparatu i pokosu. Duże znaczenie miały również warunki meteorologiczne w sezonie wegetacyjnym w poszczególnych latach badań. Najwyższe wartości analizowanych cech uzyskano stosując oprysk roślin wodnymi roztworami UGmax i Humus Active. Nie wykazano jednoznacznego wpływu stosowania użyźniaczy glebowych na strukturę biomasy wyrażoną udziałem procentowym liści i łodyg.

IMPACT OF GROWTH INHIBITOR BERCEMA ON SHOOTS REGROWTH OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AND COCKSFOOT

In a pot experiment conducted in a greenhouse, the effect of CCC Bercema growth inhibitor to reduce vegetative shoot growth of perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot was studded. The experiment was set up in triplicate. Growth regulator was applied once, in a form of an aqueous solution. The following experimental objects were specified: control object, Bercema with a concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. Ten measurements were performed every 3 days. The study was conducted under conditions of 12-hour artificial light daily. The results were statistically analyzed using two-factorial variance analysis . It was found that the greatest shoot growth reduction of ryegrass due to the highest inhibitor concentration (B- 30%), but for cocksfoot under the influ ence of the minimal concentration (B- 10%), compared to the control object. It has been noted that cocksfoot is more sensitive to the applied growth regulator, resulted in significantly greater inhibition of shoot regrowth than for ryegrass. In the experiment with the perennial ryegrass significant differences in the growth of shoots were found under the influence of inhibitor application at a concentration of 30%, compared to the control object. In the case of cocksfoot, all the concentration increases of Bercema inhibitor significantly differentiated the shoots regrowth.

EFFECT OF MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE ON THE FEED QUALITY FROM THE PERMANENT MEADOW

Fodder nutritive value of permanent grassland is dependent on the concentration of individual nutrients, the degree of digestibility and energy concentration. In a grassland study on the base crude fiber content and relevant conversion formulas, digestibility of dry matter and net energy concentration of the feed can be calculated, without the need for specialized equipment. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mushroom substrate and farmyard manure supplemented NPK, on the digestibility and energy concentration in the sward of permanent meadows in three-year field ex periment. In the study, overall digestibility and net energy concentration of feed derived from permanent grassland remained at a high level. Overall digestibility of yield dry matter of grass varies significantly, depending on the collected cuts and year of study, while the net energy concentration did not show differences under the influence of experimental factors studied. Mushroom substrate used in the experiment (alone and completed mineral NPK) caused no significant effect on the digestibility and net energy concentration of the tested feed with regard to both the farmyard manure used as standard and with NPK.