Beate Müller

Translation Studies Forum: Translation and censorship

Notably absent from this lengthy list, however, are readers, who under conditions of censorship often exercise an agency that is fraught with political implications and risk. Consider, for example, the Soviet phenomenon of samizdat, which relied on interested readers to reproduce and circulate forbidden texts, or the thriving black market in foreign literature that arose in response to the Russian reader’s demand for works of world literature. It is time, I believe, to study the reader as a full-fledged agent of translation. Ilan Stavans partly addresses Kuhiwczak’s omission by noting the Eurocentrism of Kuhiwczak’s views. To that end, Stavans focuses on cultures outside the developed West, specifically on Latin America, where subaltern polyglots adopted ‘‘a path of resistance’’ to the hegemonic control of European imperial languages and cultures (Spanish, English and French) through the use of their pre-Colombian aboriginal tongues. Stavans’s observations are an important corrective but, considered in isolation, they may tempt one to imagine this form of linguistic resistance as somehow unique to ‘‘Third World’’ (post-)colonial contexts. While acknowledging the historical, political and linguistic specificity of those contexts, I would like to make several comments concerning the reader of translations under censorship that may apply more broadly and may help to conceptualize the unique brand of agency exercised by the reader of translations, in general, and by the ‘‘minority reader’’, in particular. Translation Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012, 95 110

A teacher and his students: child Holocaust testimonies from early postwar Polish Bytom

ABSTRACT The document presented here was created in 1945 in Bytom, Poland. It contains testimonies by Holocaust survivor children collected and put down in a notebook by their survivor teacher, Shlomo Tsam, in the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust. The testimonies shed light on Jewish childrens experience in Eastern Europe during the Holocaust, describing oppression, flight, and survival in the words of the weakest segment of Jewish communities – children. The testimonies provide raw data on the encounters between Jews and non-Jews in the territories in which the “Final Solution” was carried out. It is thus an important source contributing to the burgeoning research on the involvement of local populations in the murder of the Jews, on one hand, and in saving Jews, on the other. The creation of this document, one of several collections of Jewish survivor childrens testimonies produced in the immediate postwar years, is also indicative of post-Holocaust Jewish sensibilities and concerns regarding surviving children.

Parody: Dimensions and Perspectives

Preface. Introduction. Heike BARTEL: Dimensions of Parody in the Poems of Paul Celan. Gabrielle BERSIER: A Metamorphic Mode of Literary Reflexivity: Parody in Early German Romanticism. Andreas BOHN: Parody and Quotation: A Case-Study of E.T.A. Hoffmanns Kater Murr. Andreas HOFELE: Parody in Salman Rushdies The Satanic Verses. Wolfgang KARRER: Cross-Dressing between Travesty and Parody. Rumjana KIEFER: Leonard Basts Umbrella in Howard Kirks Plot of History: Malcolm Bradburys Parody of Howards End in The History Man. Beate MULLER: Hamlet at the Dentists: Parodies of Shakespeare. Tore REM: Sentimental Parody? Thoughts on the Quality of Parody in Dickens. Rebecca E. SAMMEL: Carnival Confession: The Archpoet and Chaucers Pardoner. Gerlinde ULM SANFORD: A Preliminary Approach to Werner Schwabs Faust: Mein Brustkorb: Mein Helm. Gerd K. SCHNEIDER: Sexual Freedom and Political Repression: An Early Parody of Arthur Schnitzlers Reigen. Martin J. SCHUBERT: Parody in Thirteenth-Century German Poetry. Selected Bibliography on Parody. The Contributors. Index of Names. Index of Subjects.