Beatrice Rammstedt

Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory (BFI-K):

Zusammenfassung. Die zunehmende Etablierung des Funf-Faktoren-Modells der Personlichkeit hat zur Folge, dass die so genannten “Big Five“ vermehrt auch in Anwendungskontexten erhoben werden sollen. Da jedoch gerade in diesen Bereichen die Untersuchungszeit oft stark begrenzt ist, sind die herkommlichen Verfahren zur Erfassung der funf Faktoren oft zu umfangreich. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde deshalb ein Fragebogen, das BFI-K, entwickelt, das mit 21 Items bzw. einer durchschnittlichen Bearbeitungsdauer unter 2 Minuten als extrem okonomisch angesehen werden kann. Die Ergebnisse belegen zufriedenstellende psychometrische Kennwerte fur das BFI-K. Neben ausreichenden Reliabilitaten konnten sowohl die faktorielle Validitat des Verfahrens als auch hohe Ubereinstimmungen mit Bekanntenurteilen und mit anderen etablierten Verfahren zu Erfassung des Funf-Faktoren-Modells bestatigt werden.

Resilients, Overcontrollers, and Undercontrollers: The replicability of the three personality prototypes across informants

The study of patterns in personality structure reveals three replicable prototypes: Resilients, Overcontrollers, and Undercontrollers. The three prototypes were first identified in children using ratings based on the California Child Q‐set (see Block, 1971). Only recently, the three prototypes were replicated in self‐reports on questionnaires intended to assess the Big Five (see e.g. Asendorpf, Borkenau, Ostendorf, & van Aken, 2001). This paper addresses the question of whether the three prototypes are replicable across different data sources. Cluster structures in self‐, peer, and behaviour ratings, all based on the Big Five, were examined in a sample of 600 monozygotic and dizygotic twins ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The three prototypes could be clearly identified in the self‐reports only, whereas in ratings by others only the Resilient prototype could be replicated. In both peer and behaviour ratings, the second and the third cluster reflected a Non‐desirable and an Average type. The analysis of cross‐data consistency revealed only moderate agreement in assignments of individual subjects to types. The findings suggest that personality types depend strongly on personality measures and informants. Copyright

The 10-Item Big Five Inventory

Abstract. The 10-Item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10; Rammstedt & John, 2007), a short scale version of the well-established BFI, was developed to provide a personality inventory for research settings with extreme time constraints. It allows assessing the Big Five by only two items per dimension. Previous research has clearly shown that the BFI-10 possesses psychometric properties that are comparable in size and structure to those of the full-scale BFI. Based on data from a large sample representative of the German adult population, the present study aimed to provide norms for the total sample and for subsamples depending on different sociodemographic variables and to investigate effects of gender, age, and education on the BFI-10. Results indicate that the sociodemographic effects found in the German representative sample clearly replicate those of previous research conducted in that field.

Self-Estimated Intelligence

A total of 121 male and 107 female students from various German universities and vocational colleges estimated their own intelligence scores and were tested by psychometric intelligence tests on each of Thurstones (1938) seven primary mental abilities. The correlations between self-estimated and tested intelligence differed largely among the various intelligence domains. In accordance with former studies, gender differences in self-estimated mathematical and spatial intelligence, perceptual speed, and reasoning were found. When controlling for psychometric intelligence, only gender-related differences in self-estimated mathematical abilities could be markedly reduced. Besides gender, level of education was identified as another variable that significantly moderates self-estimates of specific aspects of intelligence. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

The impact of acquiescence on the evaluation of personality structure.

Acquiescence, or the tendency to respond to descriptions of conceptually distinct personality attributes with agreement/affirmation (acceptance acquiescence) or disagreement/opposition (counter-acquiescence), has been widely recognized as a source of bias that can substantially alter interitem correlations within scales. Acquiescence is also known to operate differently among some groups of persons; it is, for example, more pronounced among individuals with less formal education. Consequently, the biasing effects of acquiescence are of particular concern when the dimensionality underlying the item set of a measure is examined with representative samples comprised of persons with varying levels of educational attainment and evaluated with correlation-based statistical methods such as factor analysis. In the present study, we extended our earlier research by investigating the biasing effect of acquiescence on personality factor structures derived from the full-scale version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI) when administered to a large sample (N = 1,427) selected to be representative of Germanys adult population. Consistent with previous findings based on a short-scale version of the BFI, factor analyses of the unadjusted BFI item set failed to replicate the expected Big Five-factor structure in the low/medium and high educational groups, with distortions in factor structure more pronounced in the former group. Once acquiescence was controlled in the item responses for both groups, however, the obtained factor structures were consistent with the Big Five framework. The implications of acquiescence on the evaluation of the factor structure of personality inventories and for the validity of personality assessments are discussed.

Does Response Scale Format Affect the Answering of Personality Scales

When developing a questionnaire, one puts much effort into item formulation. Whether the format of the corresponding response scales affects response behavior, however, has rarely been studied, to ...

Correcting Big Five Personality Measurements for Acquiescence: An 18‐Country Cross‐Cultural Study

For groups of persons with low or medium levels of education, Big Five personality scales typically yield scores that poorly replicate the idealized Big Five factor pattern. On the basis of representative samples of German adults, Rammstedt et al. have demonstrated that correcting each persons score for acquiescence eliminates this problem. In the present 18–country study using large samples representative of each countrys adult population, we found that, in all cases, correcting for acquiescence did indeed improve the congruence of factor loadings with an idealized Big Five pattern. However, although this correction led to acceptably high correspondence levels in all countries classified as individualistic, this was not always true for non–individualistic countries. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed. Copyright

Measuring Four Perspectives of Justice Sensitivity With Two Items Each

People differ systematically in their vulnerability to injustice. We present two-item scales for the efficient measurement of justice sensitivity from 4 perspectives (victim, observer, beneficiary, perpetrator). In Study 1 using a quota-based sample of German adults, a latent state–trait analysis revealed the factorial validity and high reliabilities of the scales. In Study 2 employing a large random sample, we tested for measurement invariance of the items within the context of our short 2-item scales compared to the original 10-item scales. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that the validity of the indicators and the internal structure of the assessed constructs did not change across item contexts. In both studies, correlations with personality dimensions and life satisfaction provide evidence for the validity of our scales. With the presented instrument, future research can extend scientific knowledge regarding the role of individual differences in reactions to injustice for the explanation of well-being and physical health.

Zur Äquivalenz der Papier-Bleistift- und einer computergestützten Version des NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventars (NEO-FFI)

Zusammenfassung. Zur Uberprufung der Aquivalenz zwischen der computergestutzten Version des NEO-Funf-Faktoren-Inventars (NEO-FFI) im Hogrefe Testsystem und der Papier-Bleistift-Version wurden 220 Testpersonen mit beiden Verfahren mittels eines komplett balancierten Test-Retest-Versuchsplans im Abstand von vier bis sechs Wochen zweimal getestet. Die Aquivalenz der beiden Testversionen wurde sowohl erfahrungsbezogen als auch psychometrisch uberpruft. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine hohe Vergleichbarkeit der Verfahren hin: Weder auf Item- noch auf Skalenebene liesen sich systematische Mittelwertdifferenzen identifizieren. Daruber hinaus ergaben sich zwischen den entsprechenden Items und Skalen der beiden Versionen hohe konvergente Korrelationen. Auch hinsichtlich der internen Konsistenzen, der Retest-Reliabilitaten und der faktoriellen Validitat erwiesen sich beide Verfahren als gleichwertig. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass im Falle des NEO-FFI von einer Aquivalenz zwischen der Papier-Bleistift- und...

Geschlechtsunterschiede bei der Einschätzung der eigenen Intelligenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Gender Differences in Self-Estimated Intelligence in Children and Early Adolescents

Zusammenfassung: Studien zur selbst eingeschatzten Intelligenz belegen, dass Manner ihre Intelligenz hoher einschatzen als Frauen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Geschlechtsdifferenzen in der selbst eingeschatzten Intelligenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen anhand einer Stichprobe von 124 Grundschulkindern im Alter zwischen acht und zehn Jahren sowie einer Stichprobe von 243 Gymnasiastinnen und Gymnasiasten im Alter von 12-15 Jahren untersucht. Die eigene Intelligenz wurde in 11 verschiedenen Bereichen eingeschatzt, die neben den sieben Thurstoneschen (1938) Primarfaktoren die musikalische, korperlich-kinasthetische, intra- und interpersonale Intelligenz des Gardnerschen (1983) Intelligenzkonzepts umfassten. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Angemessenheit eines differenzierten Intelligenzmases, da keine generell hohere Einschatzung der Jungen im Vergleich zu Madchen bestatigt werden konnte. Jungen schatzen uber beide Altersstufen hinweg ihre mathematische und raumliche Intelligenz, ihre Wahrnehmungsgeschwindigk...Zusammenfassung: Studien zur selbst eingeschatzten Intelligenz belegen, dass Manner ihre Intelligenz hoher einschatzen als Frauen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Geschlechtsdifferenzen in der se...