Bekheira Tabbache

Virtual-Sensor-Based Maximum-Likelihood Voting Approach for Fault-Tolerant Control of Electric Vehicle Powertrains

This paper describes a sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) for electric-vehicle (EV) powertrains. The proposed strategy deals with speed sensor failure detection and isolation within a reconfigurable induction-motor direct torque control (DTC) scheme. To increase the vehicle powertrain reliability regarding speed sensor failures, a maximum-likelihood voting (MLV) algorithm is adopted. It uses two virtual sensors [extended Kalman filter (EKF) and a Luenberger observer (LO)] and a speed sensor. Experiments on an induction-motor drive and simulations on an EV are carried out using a European urban and extraurban driving cycle to show that the proposed sensor FTC approach is effective and provides a simple configuration with high performance in terms of speed and torque responses.

A Control Reconfiguration Strategy for Post-Sensor FTC in Induction Motor-Based EVs

This paper deals with experimental validation of a reconfiguration strategy for sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) in induction-motor-based electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed active FTC system is illustrated using two control techniques: indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) in the case of healthy sensors and speed control with slip regulation (SCSR) in the case of failed current sensors. The main objective behind the reconfiguration strategy is to achieve a short and smooth transition when switching from a controller using a healthy sensor to another sensorless controller in the case of a sensor failure. The proposed FTC approach performances are experimentally evaluated on a 7.5-kW induction motor drive.

Design and control of the induction motor propulsion of an Electric Vehicle

This paper deals with a methodology for presizing the induction motor propulsion of an Electric Vehicle (EV). Based on the EV desired performances, the induction motor optimal power can be calculated. The final objective is to find its minimum weight, volume, and cost that meet the design constraints with minimum power under the European urban (ECE-15) and sub-urban (EUDC) driving cycles. The power presizing methodology is validated through extensive simulations for different induction motor-based EVs using a siding mode control technique.

An improved fault-tolerant control scheme for PWM inverter-fed induction motor-based EVs

This paper proposes an improved fault-tolerant control scheme for PWM inverter-fed induction motor-based electric vehicles. The proposed strategy deals with power switch (IGBTs) failures mitigation within a reconfigurable induction motor control. To increase the vehicle powertrain reliability regarding IGBT open-circuit failures, 4-wire and 4-leg PWM inverter topologies are investigated and their performances discussed in a vehicle context. The proposed fault-tolerant topologies require only minimum hardware modifications to the conventional off-the-shelf six-switch three-phase drive, mitigating the IGBTs failures by specific inverter control. Indeed, the two topologies exploit the induction motor neutral accessibility for fault-tolerant purposes. The 4-wire topology uses then classical hysteresis controllers to account for the IGBT failures. The 4-leg topology, meanwhile, uses a specific 3D space vector PWM to handle vehicle requirements in terms of size (DC bus capacitors) and cost (IGBTs number). Experiments on an induction motor drive and simulations on an electric vehicle are carried-out using a European urban driving cycle to show that the proposed fault-tolerant control approach is effective and provides a simple configuration with high performance in terms of speed and torque responses.

DSP-based sensor fault-tolerant control of electric vehicle powertrains

This paper describes a sensor fault-tolerant control for a high performance induction motor drive that propels an electrical vehicle. The proposed strategy deals with instrument failure detection and isolation within a reconfigurable induction motor direct torque control scheme.

PWM inverter-fed induction motor-based electrical vehicles fault-tolerant control

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control scheme for PWM inverter-fed induction motor-based electric vehicles. The proposed strategy deals with power switch (IGBTs) failures mitigation within a reconfigurable induction motor control. In a vehicle context, 4-wire and 4-leg PWM inverter topologies are investigated and their performances discussed. Two topologies exploit the induction motor neutral accessibility for fault-tolerant purposes. The 4-wire topology uses then classical hysteresis controllers to account for the IGBT failures. The 4-leg topology, meanwhile, uses a specific 3D space vector PWM to handle vehicle requirements in terms of size (DC bus capacitors) and cost (IGBTs number). Experiments on an induction motor drive and simulations on an electric vehicle are carried-out using a European urban driving cycle to assess the FTC scheme performance and effectiveness.

Power factor correction of an electrical drive system based on multiphase machines

This paper deals with the energy efficiency improvement of an electrical drive which can be used both in wind energy conversion or motor drive applications. A power factor (PF) control scheme is presented allowing energy efficiency enhancement and optimization in high power variable-speed drives based on multiphase machines. Thus, the double-star induction machine is taken, as an example of multiphase machines, to introduce the principle of the study presented in this paper. In fact, the purpose of this paper is to maintain the PF of the power-winding, of the double star induction machine, in vicinity of unity whatever the drive operating point. Also, this control scheme can be generalized for several kinds of multiphase machines.

Experimental investigation of an emulator "Hardware In the Loop" for electric naval propulsion system

The purpose of this paper is the realization of an emulator for electric naval propulsion system. The main objective of an emulator is to reproduce the real system operation. The work consists of two principal parts: the first part concerns the modeling of the propeller and the different resistance forces opposed to the movement of the ship, allowing the estimation of the necessary propulsion power, and the second part presents the emulator of the ship propulsion system, based on the Hardware In the Loop (HIL) principle, using an electric machine operating as a generator to emulate the dynamic characteristic of the ship. The resulting model is validated by numerical simulations and then tested on an experimental test bench constituting the emulator. Different experiments are conducted taking into account the real operation of the ship.

Research on fault analysis and fault-tolerant control of EV/HEV powertrain

This paper presents research works in the topics of fault analysis and fault tolerant control of an electric vehicle powered by an inverter-fed induction motor drive and the usual sensors. The considered failures are mainly measurement error due to faulty sensors and power inverter malfunctions. When sensor failure occurs, both software and hardware redundancies have been investigated. Software redundancy has been evaluated in case of speed sensor failure. Hardware redundancy has been used in the case of power inverter failures with a fault-tolerant 4-leg topology. This topology exploits the induction motor neutral accessibility for fault-tolerant purposes. The proposed fault-tolerant approach brings a significant improvement compared to the phase-leg topology. This paper also presents the experimental validation of an efficient reconfiguration mechanism (transition strategy) at sensor fault occurrence.

Six-phase induction machine operating as a standalone self-excited induction generator

This paper deals with the use of multiphase induction machines in renewable energy applications such as wind and hydropower. Thus, some preliminary test results carried out on a six-phase induction machine operating as a stand-alone self-excited induction generator and supplying various loads under different conditions are presented. Firstly, the dynamic model of the power generation system is developed considering the magnetizing inductance saturation and excitation capacitors sizing to ensure the excitation task. Then, simulation and experimental results carried out on a 5.5 kW six-phase squirrel-cage induction generator are presented and discussed.