Bénédicte Vignal

L’intermédiation du marché de l’occasion Échange marchand, confiance et interactions sociales

Resume Cet article traite, a partir de l’etude du fonctionnement d’un systeme de depot-vente d’articles de sport, de l’intermediation des marches de l’occasion et de ses effets sur la construction de la confiance au sein des relations marchandes. Il le fait du point de vue de la sociologie economique, inspiree de l’economie neo-institutionnaliste et de la microsociologie goffmanienne. La premiere insiste sur la construction de la credibilite de l’echange marchand en analysant les dispositifs cognitifs et formels visant a reduire l’opacite du marche et les menaces opportunistes des agents. La seconde s’attache a decrire la facon dont les participants coproduisent la confiance en mobilisant leurs competences civiles et en revelant des indices de leur honnetete. Les deux approches convergent sur le fait que les conditions de possibilite de l’echange marchand relevent de logiques economiques et sociologiques impersonnelles. Cela permet d’identifier les limites de l’analyse en termes de reseaux de relations personnelles.

Innovation theories applied to the outdoor sports sector: Panorama and perspectives

Due to the diversification of its ever-changing markets, the socio-economic sector of outdoor sports constitutes a unique vantage point from which to observe intensive innovative situations. The goal of this article is to provide a multidisciplinary overview at the crossroads between sociology and management science, and to conduct a cross-sector literature review with the aim of answering the following question: How do researchers interested in outdoor sports address the topic of innovation? Model application, concept deployment, theory borrowing and, where necessary, theory refinement constitute the central theme of this contribution. After defining the accepted meanings of innovation and highlighting the influence of classic innovation paradigms, the authors will demonstrate that the case of outdoor leisure sports has provided fresh ground for two theoretical bases in particular (firstly, Lead User Theory related to Von Hippel’s theorization; secondly, socio-technical analysis related to Actor–Network Theory), giving rise to inspiring developments which have the potential to become a reference over time. Focus on their main assets, moreover, will serve as the basis for reflection on their articulation, with a view to providing a realistic and pluralistic explanation of the innovation processes at work.

From shorts to dresses: the introduction of new attire in a women’s professional basketball team as an index of change and forms of compromise

Abstract In 2010, the Lyon women’s team Lyon Basket Féminin started to appear on court in short tunic-style dresses. Was there a consensus on the desirability of this innovation? What forms of resistance were manifested, if any? Seeking to approach the question from an organisational point of view, we used the model of the economies of worth, focusing on the conduct of change, the appropriation of the new, and the communication that presents and surrounds it. After an explanatory observation, twelve semi-structured interviews were carried out. The change studied in this basketball team was not closely disputed. But lack of noticeable opposition does not mean strong support. Players actually wore the dress in spite of their more or less marked reluctance. The conventions model constitutes a means of accounting for the forms of arrangements that have allowed the acceptance and maintenance of this change in the absence of its real appropriation by the totality of the stakeholders. The situation was made acceptable thanks to a set of other congruent arguments. Switches from one polity to another have been noticed, disclosing strategies relying on pluralist arguments. Such swings, orientated towards the lifting of criticism, unveil the fluidity of organisations and their multiple setups.