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Vulvar thermal pattern following synchronization of estrus is linked to fertility after timed artificial insemination in goat

Aim of this study was to study the vulvar thermal pattern variation during the timed artificial insemination protocol in Angora goat and identify the relationship with the successful rate. Does (36 adult healthy females) were synchronized using PGF2α at the day 0, 11 days of progesterone impregnated sponges intra-vaginally, PMSG 48xa0h before sponges withdraw (day 11) and the intra-cervical inseminations were carried out 48xa0h later (Timed Artificial Insemination: TAI) with chilled semen. Vulvar (VST) and perivulvar (PST) areas were considered to evaluate the thermal pattern during the protocol at the day 0 and at the TAI using a thermo camera (E60, FLIR System). Differences of temperature (ΔT) between the surfaces were calculated for each time. The does were monitored for pregnancy, delivery time and prolificacy. Pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (NP) does were compared in terms of VST, PST and ΔT using two ways ANOVA considering time and pregnancy as sources of variability. VST was lower than PST in all the monitored does (Pxa0<xa00.05) (34.79xa0±xa00.14 vs 36.58xa0±xa00.14xa0°C) and without differences between P and NP at day 0 (35xa0±xa00.18 vs 36.39xa0±xa00.22xa0°C). Significant difference (Pxa0<xa00.05) between P and NP does was recorded at TAI in terms of VST (33.89xa0±xa00.31 vs 35.40xa0±xa00.24xa0°C) and ΔT (-3.16xa0±xa00.34 vsxa0-1.62xa0±xa00.26xa0°C). In conclusion thermal emission by glabrous surfaces in goat may be used to identify the right response induced by hormonal treatments and to optimize the application of assisted reproductive techniques at the field level.

The use of infrared thermography to detect the stages of estrus cycle and ovulation time in anatolian shepherd dogs

BackgroundThe aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of thermographic monitoring, using the temperature changes of perianal and perivulvar areas for the determination of estrus in Anatolian Shepherd bitches. Fifteen bitches were used in the study. Blood and vaginal smear samples were collected and thermographic monitoring of perianal and perivulvar areas were carried out starting from proestrus to early diestrus. Also, external signs of estrus were investigated. Smear samples were evaluated by light microscopy after Diff-Quik staining method and superficial and keratinized superficial cells were determined as percentage (Sxa0+xa0KS%). Progesterone and luteinizing hormone measurements were done by radioimmunoassay. The difference in temperature between perianal and perivulvar areas was evaluated through thermographic images by FLIR ResearchIR Software.ResultsAccording to the results obtained from the study, differences between progesterone and Sxa0+xa0KS% were statistically significant (Pxa0<xa00,05). Although temperature showed increase and decrease with progesterone and Sxa0+xa0KS%, the differences were not important statistically (Pxa0>xa00,05). Serum luteinizing hormone levels did not sign any difference (Pxa0>xa00,05).ConclusionsAs a result, thermographic monitoring alone is not enough for estrus detection in Anatolian Shepherd bitches. However, it can be used to assist the actual estrus detection technique in terms of providing some foreknowledge by evaluating the differences in temperature.

The combination of CASA kinetic parameters and fluorescein staining as a fertility tool in cryopreserved bull semen

* Correspondence: enesinanc@hotmail.com

Genomewide association of male reproductive traits in Aksaray Malakli dogs

Male reproductive parameters are often used for the functional examination and evaluation of predicted genetic values for future aspects. However, these traits are relatively reliable until the measurable effects are expressed on desired traits. Therefore, we aimed to associate the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype of the investigated characteristics and reproductive loci. A total of 46 male dogs are divided into three age groups (I ≤xa03xa0years, nxa0=xa019; II 4-6xa0years; nxa0=xa019, and III ≥7xa0years, nxa0=xa08). The testis, scrotum and body weight, libido sexualis and ejaculation time for each fraction were monitored as functional traits, while the pH, fractional semen volume, motility, concentration, and abnormal and dead spermatozoa rate were recorded as spermatological traits. The Affymetrix Canine 127xa0K SNP genotyping array v2 (Affymetrix Inc., California, USA) was used for SNP genotyping. In the primary results, the scrotal circumference was found to be higher in group II compared to other groups (pxa0<xa00.05) and the lowest total abnormal spermatozoa rate was found in group I (pxa0<xa00.05). The normal spermatozoa rate was found to be significantly above the threshold in relation to the SNP in chromosome 17. In conclusion, this study represents an exciting first step towards SNP association with dog semen spermatological parameters. Future studies might be undertaken to evaluate this SNP region for gene-knockout and expression analysis and for fine mapping to validate and/or discover the exact position of the effect region.

Ultrasonografical Monitoring as Diagnostic Tool for Reproductive Management in Female Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of physiological and pathological reproductive conditions in female Italian Mediterranean Buffaloes. Female animals (n=444), ranging from 3 to 14 years of age were monitored by ultrasonography (USG). A total of 7319 USG images were collected and analyzed for pregnancy status, fetal sexing, gynecological measurements and pathologies. While pregnancy rate was determined as 38.75% and ovarium-genital canal disorders as 11.71%; the most common pathologies in nonpregnant animals are defined as ovarian cystic degeneration (OCD), hydrosalpinx and salpingitis (SALP), metritis, pyometra (METR) and pneumovagina (PVAG). OCD represented 4.27% of pathological conditions during long day season (February-June) with a higher frequency above 5 years of age (P<0.05); and characterized by the presence of rounded anechoic structures with a 3.12±0.54 cm outer and 2.5±0.22 cm an internal diameter. While SALP frequency was determined as 6.75% and more intense over 7 years; METR and PVAG frequencies were 0.67% in total. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that ultrasonographic monitoring is a useful diagnostic tool to optimize the reproductive management through pregnancy and delivery time determination in addition to certain pathological conditions of the reproductive tract in buffaloes.

Effect of cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin on semen cryopreservation of Aksaray Malakli shepherd dogs of different ages

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) on the quality parameters of semen from Aksaray Malakli Shepherd dogs of different age groups. Forty-eight male dogs were divided into 3 groupings according to their ages (young age (Y): ≤3u202fyears, n: 20; middle age (M): 4-6 years, n: 20; old age (O): ≥7 years; n: 8). The sperm-rich portion of the ejaculate from each dog was divided into four aliquots and extended with either tris as a control (C) or tris loaded with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5u202fmg/120u202f×u202f106 CLC as low (L), intermediate (I), and high (H) doses, respectively. Following equilibration for at least half an hour, the straws were frozen in nitrogen vapor and then stored in liquid nitrogen at least for 48u202fh. Later, the frozen straws were thawed in a water bath for spermatological evaluation. Significant differences were observed between different age groups in terms of the spermatological parameters (pu202f<u202f0.05). The evidence suggests that increasing age is associated with poor in-vitro spermatological parameters and CLC was able to protect the acrosome integrity from cryo-damage during the freeze-thawing process. Better semen freezability characteristics were obtained at young ages, considering the overall parameters.