Beuy Joob

Cardiac problem because of Zika virus infection: a possibility.

Zika virus infection is the present global concern. The infection can cause acute febrile hemorrhagic fever and congenital defect (1, 2). In cardiology, the interesting question is whether there can be any cardiac problem because of Zika virus infection (3). Based on the recent autopsy report in death fetus, no heart involvement has been observed. However, based on the nanostructural consideration, the viral particle is approximately 40 nm, slightly smaller than dengue virus. Based on the previously published concepts in nanopathology (4), the direct invasion to the cardiac tissue to cause cardiac involvement is possible because the virus is so small that it can pass into the heart. The good evidence is seen in animal model study in the previous reports since 1958 (5). If the cardiac pathology exists, the problems should be similar to those seen in dengue.

Fulminant myocarditis associated with the H1N1 influenza virus: case report and literature review

teve o diagnostico de virus influenza H1N1 baseado em um exame de PCR positivo em esfregaco nasofaringeo. Contudo, esse caso de miocardite fulminante poderia ter resultado tanto de uma associacao clinica direta com influenza H1N1, quanto de uma doenca concomitante. Para se determinar se o virus influenza H1N1 induziu a miocardite, deveria ter sido realizado um exame de reacao em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR) para confirmar a presenca do virus na amostra do tecido.

Plagiarism Among Faculty Applicants

To the Editor. The recent publication on plagiarism among faculty applicants is interesting.1 Harirforoosh and colleagues shared their experience and concluded that “Faculty members are considered role models for students; their conduct has the potential to affect the reputation of the academic institution involved.”1 Indeed, the problem of plagiarism in applications is common and can be seen in many levels. In a report by Segal and colleagues, plagiarism in residency application essays was “found in those by applicants to all specialty programs, from all medical school types, and even among applicants with significant academic honors.”2 The interesting point is that plagiarism was found in applications from applicants from every background. Evidence of plagiarism was also found among applicants with academic honors, who are the same group from which junior faculty members are often recruited. Of interest, success in education, as evidenced by academic honors, does not guarantee that no evidence of plagiarism will be found in an applicant’s essays. The question is whether the present academic system is good enough for prevention of plagiarism. One report showed that undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students lacked knowledge on plagiarism and did not perceive this unacceptable practice as a serious thing.3 Hence, teaching students about what plagiarism is and how to avoid committing it can be a good preventive method, and this training should be provided by academic institutions. However, the format for teaching sessions on plagiarism has to be considered. Marshall and colleagues reported that “advice and warnings against plagiarism were ineffective, but a subsequent interactive seminar was effective at reducing plagiarism.”4 Plagiarism is also an ethical issue and having the proper attitude toward plagiarism requires correct training from childhood. The problem of plagiarism can still be seen in medical academic programs. In cases of plagiarism, proper management of the situation is essential. The banning and blacklisting of an applicant who has been caught plagiarizing is one method for preventing these individuals from ever becoming a part of a faculty. The problem of plagiarism among current faculty members also needs to be addressed. In some developing countries, plagiarism by a senior faculty members or administrator might be detected, but there is no legal or disciplinary system in place for managing those cases.5 Re-education and re-emphasizing the importance of “no plagiarism” in academic work, as well as establishing standards for all present academic faculty members, including senior and administrative faculty members, should be done.

Hydrocephalus associated to congenital Zika syndrome and shunting

Dear Editor: We read the publication on BHydrocephalus associated to congenital Zika syndrome and shunting^ with a great interest [1]. Jucá et al. concluded that BThis series points out the possibility of hypertensive hydrocephalus development in CZS patients. Affected children may benefit from VP shunt insertion. These findings suggest a dual pathology association: fetal brain disruption and primary cortical malformation by the virus itself and hypertensive hydrocephalus [1].^ The observation of hydrocephalus in infected infant is totally different from the finding in our country where the infected infant is usually asymptomatic [2] and the neuroimaging usually shows negative finding [3, 4]. Nevertheless, in case that there is hydrocephalus, there is still no specific guideline for management. Placing of shunt might be a good alternative but placing of shunt in Zika virus-infected case should be seriously considered on its risk and benefit. The important possible complication is the shunt failure due to the induction of subclinical meningoventriculitis [5]. Compliance with ethical standards

Immunological reactive rate to Zika virus in canine sera: A report from a tropical area and concern on pet, zoonosis and reservoir host

This letter to editor discusses and describes Zika virus IgG seropositivity rate in canine sera from endemic area. This is the first world report and it raises an urgent concern on pet, zoonosis and reservoir host regarding Zika virus.

Chest Radiographs of the Acute Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

AJR 2016; 206:W38 0361–803X/16/2061–W38

Zika live Twitter chat

The publication on the Zika live Twitter chat is very interesting.1 Glowacki et al noted that “Both the public and the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) expressed concern about the spread of Zika virus, but the public showed more concern about the consequences it had for women and babies, whereas the CDC focused more on symptoms and education.1” Based on an analysis of Internet communication, this difference can be seen. In general, people are concerned with the effects of the new infection but not the clinical details. For any new emerging infectious disease, the general populationmight panic, and this canbe aproblem for disease control. Control of the data in the cyber world is needed. The correct information is very important, and this is a big issue in panicmanagement for emerging infectious diseases. According to a recent report by Venkatraman et al, Zika virusmisinformation on the Internet is quite common.2 There are many sources of information on the Zika virus on the Internet,3 and there are many methods for finding the information, but real-time Twitter chatting and communication seems to be themost desirablemethod for rapid communication.4,5 There is a need to develop skills for giving information via online chat. The analysis by Glowacki et al can be useful information.1 An adjustment of the content provision for online communication is needed. References

Homocysteine and masked hypertension.

1. Hong H, Wang MS, Liu Q, Shi JC, Ren HM, Xu ZM. Angiographically evident atherosclerotic stenosis associated with myocardial bridging and risk factors for the artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2014; 14: 40-7. 2. Duygu H, Zoghi M, Nalbantgil S, Kırılmaz B, Türk U, Özerkan F, et al. Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2007; 7: 12-6. 3. Escaned J, Cortes J, Flores A, Goicolea J, Alfonso F, Hernandez R, et al. Importance of diastolic fractional flow reserve and Dobutamine challenge in physiologic assessment of myocardial bridging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 226-33. [CrossRef] 4. Abela GS, Aziz K, Vedre A, Pathak DR, Talbott JD, Dejong J. Effect of cholesterol crystals on plaques and intima in arteries of patients with acute coronary and cerebrovascular syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103: 959-68. [CrossRef] 5. Corban MT, Hung OY, Eshtehardi P, Rasoul-Arzrumly E, McDaniel M, Mekonnen G, et al. Myocardial bridging: contemporary understanding of pathophysiology with implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63: 2346-55. [CrossRef]

Plagiarism and misconduct in research.

Sir, the article on “plagiarism and misconduct in research” is very interesting. Chamon reported the use of the computational tool for help detect the plagiarism. In fact, the detection of plagiarism in submitted manuscript should be the requirement for all biomedical journals. The pre-submission screening should be encouraged for all contributors. Of interest, although there are several attempts the pro blems can still be detected. The use of computational tool might be a solution but it still has the limitations. First, the computational program might not be possible to detect the problem of figure plagiarism as well as conceptual plagiarism, which are also common problems in the present day. Second, when the problem is detected and reported, the response and action from the plagiarist’s institute might not appropriate. As Chamon mentioned for “where we are and what we can do”, it seems that it is still a long way to successfully manage the problem. Re-evaluation on the success of the implementation of the computation tool for detection of plagiarism should be continuously done.

TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY FOR HEPATITIS B VIRUS PreS1 ANTIGEN DETECTION

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