Bhaskaruni R. Rajeswara Rao

The Essential Oil of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.

ABSTRACT The essential oils of Hyptis suaveolens produced from wild plants growing at two different locations (Bangalore and Hyderabad) in India have been examined by capillary GC and GC/MS. The chief constituent found in both the oils was 1,8-cineole (31.5–35.3%).

Composition of the Volatile Oils of Alpinia galanga Rhizomes and Leaves from India

Abstract The essential oils of the rhizomes and the leaves of Alpinia galanga Willd. from Bangalore and Hyderabad in India were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oils of the rhizomes and the leaves from the two places were found to contain similar constituents. The rhizome oils from Bangalore and Hyderabad contained limonene (3.7% and 3.5 %, respectively), 1,8-cineole (33.0% and 30.2 %, respectively), camphor (5.0% and 14.0%, respectively), α-terpineol (9.3 % and 2.3 %, respectively), α-fenchyl acetate (12.7 % and 1.1 %, respectively) and (E)-methyl cinnamate (5.3 % and 2.6 %, respectively), as the major constituents. The major constituents of the leaf oils from the same locations were: α-pinene (6.6 % and 6.3 %, respectively), camphene (5.0 % and 5.1%, respectively), β-pinene (21.5 % and 23.5 %, respectively), 1,8-cineole (34.4 % and 30.7%, respectively) and camphor (7.8 % and 12.8 %, respectively).

Changes in Profiles of Essential Oils of Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) During Leaf Ontogeny

ABSTRACT Changes in the essential oil profile of rose-scented geranium during development were determined gas chromatographically. It was found that the essential oil yield (1.56%) and geraniol content (34.6%) were highest in the first leaf, while in the twelfth leaf they were 0.05% and 13.9% respectively. Similarly essential oil gland density was found to be highest in the first leaf after which it decreased. The other major oil constituents such as isomenthone, citronellyl formate, geranyl formate and citronellol were not influenced by leaf age. Some changes occurred in the linalool content during leaf aging although no clear trend was evident.

Effect of Triacontanol and Mixtalol on Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.)

ABSTRACT Foliar application of long-chain aliphatic alcohol plant growth regulators, triacontanol and mixtalol, significantly increased yield attributes of rose-scented geranium cv. Bourbon. The attributes affected were height and number of branches; yields of leaves, stem and branches (without leaves), shoot, root and essential oil and recovery and percentages of oil components. The enhancement over control plants in root yield was much greater than shoot yield indicating the influence of these plant growth regulators on root growth and development. Leaf cuttings of third, fourth and fifth leaves produced adventitious roots and shoots under ambient conditions when treated (foliar spray) with triacontanol at the time of planting. Triacontanol spray increased root characters like number of roots, total root length, maximum root length, root yield and shoot characters such as weight of leaves, petioles and shoot. The effect of the treatment was greater on root characters, further revealing the influence of ...

Composition of the Oil of Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) Grown Under the Semiarid Tropical Climate of South India

ABSTRACT Essential oil of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) cultivated under the semiarid tropical climate of Andhra Pradesh, South India has been examined by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil possessed a composition similar to the African-type geranium because of the presence of a higher concentration of 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (3.8–4.2%) than of guaia-6, 9-diene (0.13–0.15%).

Yield and Chemical Composition of Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium Species) Oil at Different Times of Harvesting

Abstract A field experiment was conducted for six months covering rainy, autumn and spring seasons, to investigate the influence of time of harvesting on yield and quality of the oil of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) cv. Bourbon, in the semi-arid tropical climate of south India. A diurnal fluctuation in oil yield was observed with a maximum at 12:00 noon (0.27%) and a minimum at 12:00 midnight (0.18%). The oil composition assessed by linalool (7.1–8.4%), isomenthone (7.0–8.1%), citronellol (22.2–23.3%), geraniol (20.6–25.2%), citronellyl formate (4.9–5.5%), geranyl formate (3.8–4.7%) and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (5.0–7.4%) was not significantly affected by time of harvesting.

The Impact of Wilt Disease on Oil Yield and Quality of Two Cultivars of Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium Species)

Abstract The impact of wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum var. redolens (Wollenweb.) Gordon, on plant mortality, yield and quality of oils of two rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species) cultivars was investigated under semi-arid tropical climatic conditions. Wilt disease resulted in plant mortality of 2.6–72.2% (average 19.3%) in one year old plantation and 0-18.0% (average 4.2%) in three months old plantation. Diseased plants recorded biomass yield reductions of 83.1–88.2% in cultivar I, and 73.6–84.3% in cultivar II and oil yield reductions of 87.1% in cultivar I and 69.1% in cultivar II in comparison to healthy plants. Healthy plants of both the cultivars possessed greater concentrations of linalool and geraniol, while the diseased plants had higher contents of rose oxides, isomenthone, citronellol, citronellyl formate and β-caryophyllene in their oils. Healthy and diseased plants of the two cultivars exhibited trend reversals in respect of components such as geranyl formate, citronellyl ace...

Volatile Constituents of Essential Oils Isolated from Different Parts of Alpinia calcarata Rosc.

Abstract The essential oils isolated from different parts of Alpinia calcarata Rosc., (family: Zingiberaceae) growing in Hyderabad, south India, were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil yields were: flower 0.06%, leaf sheath 0.03%, stem 0.05% and root 0.18%. Sixty-two compounds accounting for 92.3–98.3% of the oils were identified. The flower oil contained β-pinene (12.5%), 1,8-cineole (12.8%) and (E)-methyl cinnamate (12.3%) as the major constituents. The important components of the leaf sheath oil were 1,8-cineole (23.2%) and humulene epoxide I (10.6%). The stem oil had β-pinene (11.2%) and 1,8-cineole (33.2%) as the major compounds. On the other hand, the root oil showed camphene (13.6%), 1,8-cineole (15.6%) and α-fenchyl acetate (37.6%) as the main constituents.

Essential Oil Composition of Tagetes minuta L. Fruits

Abstract Hydrodistilled essential oil of the dried mature fruits containing seeds of Tagetes minuta was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-four constituents making up 93.7% of the oil were identifi ed. The major compounds were limonene + β-phellandrene (4.7%), (Z)- β-ocimene (36.8%), dihydrotagetone + (E)- β-ocimene (15.5%), (Z)-tagetone (17.1%), (Z)-tagetenone (3.0%) and (E)-tagetenone (7.5%).

Comparative Composition of Whole Herb, Flowers, Leaves and Stem Oils of Cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.f. piperascens Malinvaud ex Holmes)

Abstract The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from flowering whole herb, flowers, leaves and stem of cornmint cv. ‘Shivalik’ grown on black soil in semi-arid tropical climate, were compared. Cornmint grew to a height of 75–120 cm and produced 4.5–54 kg biomass/m2. Flowers, leaves and stems contributed 31–3%, 37.4% and 31.3% to biomass yield and produced essential oil yields of 1.50%, 1.56% and 0.06%, respectively. The flowering whole herb gave 0.59% oil yield. The whole herb and leaves produced oils of similar composition, except for slightly higher content of menthol (71.1%) in leaf oil. The flower oil contained highest concentration of menthone (30.2%), but lowest percentage of menthol (53.2%). Stem oil was richer in menthol (82.3%) and menthyl acetate (3.4%), but poorer, compared to other oils, in myrcene + 3-octanol, limonene + 1,8-cineole, menthone, isomenthone and neomenthol.