Bilge Aykol

Antecedents and Outcomes of Exporter-Importer Relationship Quality: Synthesis, Meta-Analysis, and Directions for Further Research

The authors identify, synthesize, and evaluate antecedents, components, and outcome factors of exporter–importer relationship quality following a meta-analysis of the extant empirical studies on the subject. Using information extracted from a content analysis of 76 empirical studies, they propose and test an integrative conceptual model comprising five antecedents (i.e., opportunism, conflict, communication, distance, and adaptation) and two outcomes (i.e., relational performance and financial performance) of relationship quality (which consists of cooperation, trust, and commitment). Using structural equation modeling, the authors confirm the vast majority of the hypothesized associations between antecedent factors and relationship quality dimensions and between relationship quality dimensions and performance outcomes and verify a positive link between relational performance and financial performance. The authors conclude by offering both theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for further research.

Researching the Green Practices of Smaller Service Firms: A Theoretical, Methodological, and Empirical Assessment

This paper presents an integrative review and critical assessment of theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of 109 environmental business‐related articles on small and medium‐sized service firms published during the 1992–2012 period in mainstream and specialized journals. Theoretically, more than half the studies lacked a theoretical foundation, with the remainder anchored primarily on stakeholder theory, the resource‐based view, and institutional theory. Methodologically, studies were generally exploratory, cross‐sectional, and descriptive in nature, as well as characterized by a narrow geographical scope, nonprobability samples, small sample sizes, and simple analytical methods. Empirically scholars focused on many diverse issues, with the most frequent relating to facilitators and inhibitors on green initiatives, stimuli and barriers to corporate environmentalism, and environmental problems and practices. The paper provides recommendations for strengthening these areas and offers directions for future research.

Setting the Theoretical Foundations of Importing Research: Past Evaluation and Future Perspectives

Although prior efforts have been made to review research on importing, an updated, integrated, and chronological assessment of its theoretical evolution is lacking. This study critically investigates the theoretical foundations of importing research using a comprehensive review of 321 importing-related articles published during the 1960–2010 period. The analysis reveals that, although in general this research adopts a certain theoretical perspective, a notable part of it is not theoretically anchored. Of those studies that rely on theories, the most commonly used are the neoclassical micro-economic model, the behavioral model, and transaction cost economics. These theories were mainly associated with international buying behavior, importer–exporter relationships, and strategic aspects of importing. The study also identifies a range of other important topics that could be investigated using extant theories. In addition, the authors propose several other theories not previously employed, such as the institutional, stakeholder, and resource dependence theories, to be used in the study of new research issues. Finally, the authors suggest several actions toward theory advancement, including the need to integrate multiple theoretical paradigms, adjust theory to different environments, combine quantitative and qualitative inputs, cross-fertilize ideas from various disciplines, and periodically assess developments in the importing literature.

Antecedents and consequences of infidelity in cross-border business relationships

The volatile, complex, and distant nature of the international business environment inevitably gives rise to incidences of infidelity among interacting exporters and importers. The authors propose and test a theoretically anchored model of the antecedents and consequences of infidelity in exporter–importer working relationships. The findings confirm that importers’ infidelity incidences occur more often in cases in which trust, satisfaction, commitment, and cooperation are low in the relationship. Indeed, the association between poor relationship quality and infidelity becomes stronger when the relationship is at a declining stage and is relatively young. The existence of infidelity in the relationship will lead to either punitive actions or reassessment measures on the part of the exporter, which are moderated by the degree of long-term orientation and social bonding that exists between the interacting parties.

International Marketing Research: A State-of-the-Art Review and the Way Forward

The chapter provides a systematic review of 1722 international marketing articles published in the top six international business journals during the period 1995–2015. The analysis focuses on five major areas: profiles of authors involved in international marketing research; major contributors of international marketing articles based on their productivity and impact; structural characteristics of articles published on international marketing; articles with the greatest impact in the international marketing field; and specific themes of international marketing research covered and their evolution over time. The analysis revealed that the international marketing field has experienced a significant proliferation during the investigation period as demonstrated by its continuous refinement, improved quality, and extensive topical coverage. Fruitful directions for future research on the subject are discussed.

Fifty Years of Empirical Research on Country-of-Origin Effects on Consumer Behavior: A Meta-Analysis

Country-of-origin (COO) effects, defined as the influence of foreignness of products/services on consumer choice behavior (Samiee 2011), has been one of the most frequently investigated topics in the field of international marketing. Although a significant amount of scholarly work has been published on the subject over the last five decades, there is little consensus over its nature and conceptualization, internal validity, importance to consumers, and relevance to managers, given the globalization of markets, uncertainties regarding the accuracy of consumers’ knowledge of the true COO, and different regulations among countries regarding the disclosure of COO information (e.g., Harzing and Josiassen 2008; Magnusson et al. 2011; Roth and Diamantopoulos 2009; Samiee 2010, 2011; Samiee and Leonidou 2011; Samiee et al. 2005; Usunier 2006). This body of research has also been criticized as being too fragmented, inconsistent, and non-programmatic to yield a clear picture on the subject (Samiee 1994).

The Profile of Research on Exporter–Importer Relationships: A Chronological Analysis

ABSTRACT This article presents a chronological analysis of bibliographic and thematic aspects of exporter–importer business relationships research based on a systematic review of 211 articles published between the years 1975 and 2017 in business journals. The study findings indicate that, in terms of bibliographic aspects, this literature is characterized by (a) an increasing collaboration among different institutions and countries, despite a heavy concentration of authors from Europe and North America; (b) a predominance of a small number of scholars producing a substantial part of the literature; and (c) dominance of empirical articles with relatively moderate average impact. In terms of thematic aspects, behavioral dimensions and relationship characteristics constitute the nucleus of the literature, with research efforts focusing on their environmental and internal drivers and performance outcomes. These study findings carry significant implications for major stakeholders of the exporter–importer relationships research, including authors, editors, and conference organizers.

Audience in Flow: The Role of Authenticity (An Extended Abstract)

For centuries, consumers have been attending theater performances with various motives such as social hedonism, emotional impact, intellectual enrichment, special interest in the genre, and reduction of negative experiences (e.g., Bouder-Pailler 1999; Cuadrado and Molla 2000; Walmsley 2013). Theater is an experience with two dimensions, namely, the core product and the peripheral product (e.g., Hume et al. 2006; Kotler and Scheff 1997). While the former refers to works seen on theater stage and comprises the artistic part of the experience, the latter contains peripheral aspects and complements the core product (such as venue quality and atmospherics, pre- or post-performance lectures, and ancillary products) (e.g., Hill et al. 2003; Hume et al. 2006). Flow, which refers to the mental state in which an individual is deeply immersed in an activity (Csikszentmihalyi 1990), has been thought as a fundamental concept in theater consumption, yet examination of flow within the performing arts context has been limited, particularly from the standpoint of consumers. This study aims to enhance the extant knowledge on audience behavior by integrating flow into an explanatory model in which the links between authenticity, flow, enjoyment, and intention to recommend are examined. Specifically we seek to supply answers to three research questions. First, what influence does authenticity (relating to artistic and venue-related aspects) have on flow and enjoyment? Second, what is the impact of flow on enjoyment? Third, what effect does enjoyment have on intention to recommend?

Betrayal Intention in International Business Relationships: Temporal and Contractual Moderating Effects (An Abstract)

Betrayal is a very common, but relatively under-researched, dark side phenomenon in interfirm relationships that warrants investigation. We propose a conceptual model of the factors reducing betrayal intention in exporter-importer (E-I) working relationships and its resulting effect on actual betrayal. Using a random sample of 262 indigenous exporters of manufactured goods based in Greece, we confirm that betrayal intention in their relationships with foreign buyers is significantly and positively affected by four key parameters, namely, the existence of low trust, limited communication, absence of long-term orientation, and loose social bonds. An importer’s betrayal intention is subsequently very likely to develop into actual betrayal in the relationship. However, this likelihood is lower in the case of older relationships, as well as those characterized by contractual obligation between the interacting parties.

15-19 yas grubundaki tüketiciler alısveriş merkezlerini nasıl algılıyor?: Izmir ilinde bir uygulama

Bu calismada, 15-19 yas grubundaki tuketicilerin alisveris merkezi seciminde onemli gordukleri degerlendirme kriterleri ele alinmistir. Calismanin amaci, katilimcilarin en sik gittikleri ve en cok sevdikleri alisveris merkezinin, alisveris merkezi degerlendirme kriterlerine verdikleri onem uzerinde fark yaratip yaratmadigini ortaya koymaktir. Bunun yani sira, alisveris merkezinde en fazla para harcanan yer ve alisveris merkezinde en cok zaman gecirilen yer degiskenlerinin, alisveris merkezi degerlendirme kriterlerine verilen onem duzeyleri uzerinde fark yaratip yaratmadigi test edilmistir. Genel olarak katilimcilarin bir alisveris merkezini secerken en onemli gordukleri faktorler sirasiyla, alisveris merkezindeki rahatlik ve konfor, fi yatlar, sinemalar ve urun/ hizmet karmasidir. Ancak bu faktorlere verilen onem duzeyleri uzerinde yukarida belirtilen degiskenlerin fark yarattigi gorulmektedir. Calismanin sonuclarinin alisveris merkezi yoneticilerine, alisveris merkezi imaj bilesenleri uzerine daha fazla yogunlasarak hedef kitle beklentilerine daha uygun pazarlama stratejileri gelistirmeleri konusunda yardimci olacagi dusunulmektedir.