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Featured researches published by Birgit Böhmdorfer.


Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift | 2012

Potentially inappropriate medication in geriatric patients: the Austrian consensus panel list

Eva Mann; Birgit Böhmdorfer; Thomas Frühwald; Regina Roller-Wirnsberger; Peter Dovjak; Christine Dückelmann-Hofer; Peter Fischer; Susanne Rabady; Bernhard Iglseder

ZusammenfassungHINTERGRUND: Bei geriatrischen Patienten stellen inadäquate Medikamentenverordnungen einen wichtigen Risikofaktor für unerwünschte Arzneimittelereignisse dar. Sie führen in diesem Zusammenhang zu einer Zunahme von Spitalszuweisungen, welche die Gesundheitskosten belasten. Die Entwicklung Konsensus-basierter Listen von Medikamenten, die bei geriatrischen Patienten im Allgemeinen vermieden werden sollten, wird als eine mögliche Strategie angesehen, um die Qualität der medikamentösen Behandlung zu steigern. ZIEL: Erstellung einer, den österreichischen Verschreibungsgewohnheiten und der Marktsituation angepassten, Konsensus-basierten Liste von Arzneimitteln, deren Verordnung potentiell inadäquat für geriatrische Patienten ist, und die deshalb vermieden werden sollten. METHODE: Als Evaluierungsmethode wurde ein zwei-stufiger Delphi Prozess gewählt, an dem acht Experten mit Erfahrung in der medikamentösen Therapie geriatrischer Patienten teilnahmen. In der ersten Runde bewerteten die Experten Medikamente einer vorgegebenen Liste anhand einer 5-stufigen Likert Skala von sicher potentiell unangemessen bis sicher nicht potentiell unangemessen. Alle Medikamente, für deren Bewertung die obere Grenze des 95 % Konfidenzintervalls unter 3,0 lag, wurden als potentiell unangemessen klassifiziert. Medikamente, deren 95 % KI den Wert 3,0 umschloss, wurden in der zweiten Runde wieder anhand einer 5-stufigen Likert Skala bewertet, ebenso wie die in der ersten Runde neu vorgeschlagenen Medikamente. Nach Analyse der Ergebnisse der zweiten Runde wurde die finale Liste erstellt. RESULTATE: Von den vorgegebenen 102 Medikamenten wurden 61 Medikamente (59,2 %) bereits in der ersten Runde als potentiell unangemessen für ältere Menschen eingestuft. Sechs Medikamente, die in der zweiten Runde erneut evaluiert wurden, und sechs in der ersten Runde neu vorgeschlagene Medikamente wurden in der zweiten Runde als potentiell inadäquat klassifiziert. Die finale Liste enthält 73 Arzneimittel, die aufgrund eines ungünstigen Nutzen/Risiko Profils oder aufgrund fraglicher Wirksamkeit bei geriatrischen Patienten nicht verordnet werden sollten. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Die Österreichische PIM Liste kann für klinisch tätige Ärzte ein in der Praxis anwendbares Instrument darstellen, das zu einer Verbesserung der Qualität von Medikamentenverordnungen bei älteren Patienten beiträgt. Studien zur Validierung der PIM-Liste stehen in Österreich ebenso wie in anderen Ländern mit bereits veröffentlichten PIM-Listen noch aus.SummaryBACKGROUND: The practice of inappropriate medication and drug prescription is a major risk factor for adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients and increases the individual, as well as overall, rates of hospital admissions, resulting in increased health care expenditures. A consensus-based list of drugs, generally to be avoided in geriatric patients, is a practical tool to possibly improve the quality of prescribing. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to develop a consensus-based list of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for geriatric patients in Austria. Local market characteristics and documented prescribing regimens were considered in detail. METHODS: A two-round Delphi process involving eight experts in the field of geriatric medicine was undertaken to create a list of potentially inappropriate medications. Using a 5-point Likert scale (from strong agreement to strong disagreement), mean ratings from the experts were evaluated for each drug selected in the first round. The participants were first asked to comment on the potential inappropriateness of a preliminary list of drugs, and to propose alternate substances missing in the previous questionnaire for a second rating process. All drugs whose upper limit of the 95% CI was less than 3.0 were classified as potentially inappropriate. Drugs with a 95% CI enclosing 3.0 entered a second rating by the experts, in addition to other substances suggested during the first questionnaire. Drugs in the second rating were evaluated in comparable fashion to the first one. The final list was synthesized from the results in both rounds. RESULTS: Out of a preliminary list of 102 drugs, 61 drugs (59.2%) were classified as potentially inappropriate for geriatric persons in the first Delphi- round. In the second rating, six drugs that were reevaluated, and six drugs proposed additionally, were rated as potentially inappropriate. The final list contains 73 drugs to be avoided in older patients because of an unfavorable benefit/risk profile and/or unproven effectiveness. The list also contains suggestions for therapeutic alternatives and information about pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of all drugs judged as potentially inappropriate. CONCLUSION: The current Austrian list of potentially inappropriate medications may be a helpful tool for clinicians to increase the quality of prescribing in older patients. Like all explicit lists previously published, its validity needs to be proven in validation studies.


Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift | 2013

Prevalence and associations of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in Austrian nursing home residents: secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study

Eva Mann; Burkhard Haastert; Birgit Böhmdorfer; Thomas Frühwald; Bernhard Iglseder; Regina Roller-Wirnsberger; Gabriele Meyer

SummaryBackgroundPotentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) are an important cause of adverse medication-related events and increases morbidity, hospitalization, and health care costs, especially in nursing home residents. However, little is known about the associations between PIP and residents’ characteristics.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to analyse the prevalence and associations of PIP with residents’ and facilities’ characteristics.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study with 48 out of 50 eligible nursing homes and 1,844 out of 2,005 eligible residents in a defined rural-urban area in Austria. The Austrian list of potentially inappropriate medications was applied for the evaluation of inappropriate prescribing. Cluster-adjusted multiple regression analysis was used to investigate institutional and residents’ characteristics associated with PIP.ResultsMean cluster-adjusted prevalence of residents with at least one PIP was 70.3 % (95 % CI 67.2–73.4). The number of residents with at least one psychotropic PIP was 1.014 (55 %). The most often prescribed PIP were Prothipendyl (25.9 % residents), Lorazepam (14.5 %) and Diclofenac (6.1 %). Multiple regression analysis showed an inverse association of PIP with cognitive impairment and significant positive associations with permanent restlessness and permanent negative attitude. The associations of PIP with age and male gender were inconsistent. No significant associations were found for PIP and the ratio of staff nurses to residents.ConclusionsOur study results confirm that PIP is highly prevalent in the nursing home population. These results urgently call for effective interventions. Initiatives and successful interventions performed in other countries could serve as examples for safer prescribing in residents in Austria.ZusammenfassungGrundlagenPotentiell unangemessene Medikamentenverordnungen (potentially inappropriate prescriptions = „PIP“) sind eine bedeutende Ursache von unerwünschten Arzneimittel-assoziierten Wirkungen und führen zu vermehrten Kosten im Gesundheitssystem und vor allem bei Pflegeheimbewohnern zu erhöhter Morbidität und Spitalseinweisungen.Wenig ist bisher bekannt über die Zusammenhänge zwischen PIP und den Charakteristika von Pflegeheimbewohnern.ZielZiel unserer Studie war es, die Prävalenz und Assoziationen von PIP mit den Charakteristika der Bewohner und Pflegeheime zu analysieren.MethodikWir führten eine Sekundäranalyse einer Querschnittsstudie mit 48 von 50 möglichen Pflegeheimen und 1844 von 2005 möglichen Bewohnern eines definierten Bundeslandes in Österreich durch. Die Evaluierung der unangemessenen Verordnungen erfolgte anhand der „Österreichischen Liste der potentiell unangemessenen Arzneimittel“.Cluster-adjustierte multivariate Regressionsanalyse wurde angewandt, um die Assoziationen von PIP mit Charakteristika der Institutionen und Bewohner auszuwerten.ErgebnisseDie mittlere cluster-adjustierte Häufigkeit von Heimbewohnern mit mindestens einem PIP war 70,3 % (95 % CI 67,2–73,4). Die Anzahl der Bewohner mit mindestens einer psychotropen PIP war 1,014 (55 %). Die häufigsten PIP waren Prothipendyl (25,9 % der Bewohner), Lorazepam (14,5 %) und Diclofenac (6,1 %). Multivariate Regressionsanalyse zeigte eine inverse Assoziation von PIP mit kognitiver Einschränkung und signifikant positive Assoziationen mit ständiger Unruhe und ständigem negativem Verhalten der Bewohner.Die Assoziationen von PIP mit Alter und männlichem Geschlecht zeigten uneinheitliche Resultate. Keine signifikanten Assoziationen wurden zwischen PIP und dem Betreuungsverhältnis zwischen Pflegepersonen und Heimbewohnern gefunden.SchlussfolgerungenUnsere Studienresultate bestätigen, dass PIP bei Pflegeheimbewohnern weit verbreitet ist und zeigen, dass dringend effektive Strategien zur Reduktion von PIPs in Österreich notwendig sind. In anderen Ländern bereits durchgeführte erfolgreiche Initiativen und Interventionen könnten als Beispiele für Österreich herangezogen werden.


Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | 2010

Polypharmacy and pain treatment

Markus Gosch; Birgit Böhmdorfer; Ursula Benvenuti-Falger; Peter Dovjak; Bernhard Iglseder; Monika Lechleitner; Ronald Otto; Regina E. Roller; Ulrike Sommeregger

SummaryPain is a frequent symptom in clinical practice. Elderly and chronically ill patients are particularly affected. On account of the high prevalence of polypharmacy among these patients, pharmacological pain therapy becomes a challenge for physicians. Drug side effects and drug–drug interactions have to be taken into account so as to minimize the health risk for these patients. Especially the group of NSAID has a high risk of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. The gastrointestinal, the cardiovascular, the renal and the coagulation system are particularly affected. Except for the toxic effect on the liver (in a high dose) Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has similar risks, to a minor degree, though. According to current data Metamizol is actually better than its reputation. The risk of potential drug interactions seems to be low. Beside the risk of sedation in combination with other drugs, Tramadol and other opioids such as Pethidin may induce the Serotonin syndrome. In order to avoid dangerous drug interactions and adverse side effects in the case of polypharmacy, it is recommended to prefer individual choices instead of sticking to the pain management as proposed by the WHO.ZusammenfassungSchmerzen betreffen besonders ältere und chronisch kranke Bevölkerungsgruppen. Häufig findet sich die Schmerztherapie als Ergänzung zu einer bereits bestehenden Polypharmazie. Neben unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen sind es vor allem Interaktionen, welche es zu beachten gibt. Die Gruppe der nichtsteriodalen Antirheumatika (NSAR) hat das größte Gefahrenpotential. Im Vordergrund stehen gastrointestinale, kardiovaskuläre und renale Effekte sowie Wirkungen auf das Gerinnungssystem. Paracetamol hat neben der bekannten (in hohen Dosen) toxischen Wirkung auf die Leber, ähnliche Interaktionen wie die NSAR, allerdings in einem geringeren Ausmaß. Metamizol ist nach der aktuellen Studienlage besser als sein Ruf, das Interaktionspotential ist als gering anzusehen. Im Bezug auf Tramadol sowie auch einige stark wirksame Opioide (insbesondere Pethidin) sind vor allen das Serotonin-Syndrom und die ZNS dämpfende Wirkung zu nennen. Auf Grund des erheblichen Gefahrenpotentials bei einer bestehenden Polypharmazie ist es in vielen Fällen ratsam, bei der Auswahl der Analgetika vom WHO-Stufenschema in der Schmerzbehandlung abzusehen.Pain is a frequent symptom in clinical practice. Elderly and chronically ill patients are particularly affected. On account of the high prevalence of polypharmacy among these patients, pharmacological pain therapy becomes a challenge for physicians. Drug side effects and drug-drug interactions have to be taken into account so as to minimize the health risk for these patients. Especially the group of NSAID has a high risk of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. The gastrointestinal, the cardiovascular, the renal and the coagulation system are particularly affected. Except for the toxic effect on the liver (in a high dose) Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has similar risks, to a minor degree, though. According to current data Metamizol is actually better than its reputation. The risk of potential drug interactions seems to be low. Beside the risk of sedation in combination with other drugs, Tramadol and other opioids such as Pethidin may induce the Serotonin syndrome. In order to avoid dangerous drug interactions and adverse side effects in the case of polypharmacy, it is recommended to prefer individual choices instead of sticking to the pain management as proposed by the WHO.


Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie | 2012

Management und Therapie des Vorhofflimmerns beim geriatrischen Patienten

Mag. Dr. M. Gosch; R.E. Roller; Birgit Böhmdorfer; U. Benvenuti-Falger; B. Iglseder; M. Lechleitner; Ulrike Sommeregger; P. Dovjak

Among geriatric patients, atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In patients over 80 years of age, the prevalence rises to approximately 10%. Atrial fibrillation is associated with serious health implications, including a 2-fold increase in mortality risk and a 5-fold increase in stroke risk. In contrast to these facts, the current guidelines on the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) contain only a short paragraph on these patients. Many relevant clinical aspects go without any comment. Thus, the purpose of our paper is to discuss those special needs of geriatric patients and their physicians which are not mentioned in the guidelines of the ESC. In our review, we discuss rhythm versus rate control, oral anticoagulation, outcome, prevention, falls, adherence, polypharmacy, dementia, nursing home patients, frailty, and geriatric assessment in consideration of geriatric patients. An extended search of the literature on Pubmed served as the basis for this review. Individual aspects of each geriatric patient should be considered when managing these complex patients; however, the complexity of each case must not lead to an individualized therapy that is not in accordance with current guidelines and the literature. A large number of papers which help us to answer most of the clinical questions regarding the management of trial fibrillation in geriatric patients have already been published.


Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie | 2012

Management and therapy of atrial fibrillation in geriatric patients

Markus Gosch; Regina E. Roller; Birgit Böhmdorfer; U. Benvenuti-Falger; Bernhard Iglseder; M. Lechleitner; Ulrike Sommeregger; P. Dovjak

Among geriatric patients, atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In patients over 80 years of age, the prevalence rises to approximately 10%. Atrial fibrillation is associated with serious health implications, including a 2-fold increase in mortality risk and a 5-fold increase in stroke risk. In contrast to these facts, the current guidelines on the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) contain only a short paragraph on these patients. Many relevant clinical aspects go without any comment. Thus, the purpose of our paper is to discuss those special needs of geriatric patients and their physicians which are not mentioned in the guidelines of the ESC. In our review, we discuss rhythm versus rate control, oral anticoagulation, outcome, prevention, falls, adherence, polypharmacy, dementia, nursing home patients, frailty, and geriatric assessment in consideration of geriatric patients. An extended search of the literature on Pubmed served as the basis for this review. Individual aspects of each geriatric patient should be considered when managing these complex patients; however, the complexity of each case must not lead to an individualized therapy that is not in accordance with current guidelines and the literature. A large number of papers which help us to answer most of the clinical questions regarding the management of trial fibrillation in geriatric patients have already been published.


Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | 2010

Polypharmazie und Schmerztherapie

Markus Gosch; Birgit Böhmdorfer; Ursula Benvenuti-Falger; Peter Dovjak; Bernhard Iglseder; Monika Lechleitner; Ronald Otto; Regina E. Roller; Ulrike Sommeregger

SummaryPain is a frequent symptom in clinical practice. Elderly and chronically ill patients are particularly affected. On account of the high prevalence of polypharmacy among these patients, pharmacological pain therapy becomes a challenge for physicians. Drug side effects and drug–drug interactions have to be taken into account so as to minimize the health risk for these patients. Especially the group of NSAID has a high risk of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. The gastrointestinal, the cardiovascular, the renal and the coagulation system are particularly affected. Except for the toxic effect on the liver (in a high dose) Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has similar risks, to a minor degree, though. According to current data Metamizol is actually better than its reputation. The risk of potential drug interactions seems to be low. Beside the risk of sedation in combination with other drugs, Tramadol and other opioids such as Pethidin may induce the Serotonin syndrome. In order to avoid dangerous drug interactions and adverse side effects in the case of polypharmacy, it is recommended to prefer individual choices instead of sticking to the pain management as proposed by the WHO.ZusammenfassungSchmerzen betreffen besonders ältere und chronisch kranke Bevölkerungsgruppen. Häufig findet sich die Schmerztherapie als Ergänzung zu einer bereits bestehenden Polypharmazie. Neben unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen sind es vor allem Interaktionen, welche es zu beachten gibt. Die Gruppe der nichtsteriodalen Antirheumatika (NSAR) hat das größte Gefahrenpotential. Im Vordergrund stehen gastrointestinale, kardiovaskuläre und renale Effekte sowie Wirkungen auf das Gerinnungssystem. Paracetamol hat neben der bekannten (in hohen Dosen) toxischen Wirkung auf die Leber, ähnliche Interaktionen wie die NSAR, allerdings in einem geringeren Ausmaß. Metamizol ist nach der aktuellen Studienlage besser als sein Ruf, das Interaktionspotential ist als gering anzusehen. Im Bezug auf Tramadol sowie auch einige stark wirksame Opioide (insbesondere Pethidin) sind vor allen das Serotonin-Syndrom und die ZNS dämpfende Wirkung zu nennen. Auf Grund des erheblichen Gefahrenpotentials bei einer bestehenden Polypharmazie ist es in vielen Fällen ratsam, bei der Auswahl der Analgetika vom WHO-Stufenschema in der Schmerzbehandlung abzusehen.Pain is a frequent symptom in clinical practice. Elderly and chronically ill patients are particularly affected. On account of the high prevalence of polypharmacy among these patients, pharmacological pain therapy becomes a challenge for physicians. Drug side effects and drug-drug interactions have to be taken into account so as to minimize the health risk for these patients. Especially the group of NSAID has a high risk of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. The gastrointestinal, the cardiovascular, the renal and the coagulation system are particularly affected. Except for the toxic effect on the liver (in a high dose) Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has similar risks, to a minor degree, though. According to current data Metamizol is actually better than its reputation. The risk of potential drug interactions seems to be low. Beside the risk of sedation in combination with other drugs, Tramadol and other opioids such as Pethidin may induce the Serotonin syndrome. In order to avoid dangerous drug interactions and adverse side effects in the case of polypharmacy, it is recommended to prefer individual choices instead of sticking to the pain management as proposed by the WHO.


Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | 2010

Polypharmazie in der Kardiologie – ein beachtliches Problem bei Synkopen, QT-Zeit-Verlängerung, Bradykardie und Tachykardie

Peter Dovjak; Ulrike Sommeregger; Ronald Otto; Regina E. Roller; Birgit Böhmdorfer; Bernhard Iglseder; Ursula Benvenuti-Falger; Monika Lechleitner; Markus Gosch

SummaryQuality improvement in cardiology over the past decade focused on management of acute coronary syndrome with invasive and innovative medical therapies, optimizing treatment of congestive heart failure and the development of repair procedures in valvular heart disease. On the other hand cardiologist and the attendant physicians are confronted with changes in the characteristics of patients in the light of demographic facts. Comorbidity and polypharmacy raise the need for clear concepts. Therapeutic and diagnostic tools of geriatric medicine may help in that context.ZusammenfassungSpektakuläre Innovationen prägen das Fachgebiet der Kardiologie im letzten Dezennium. Das Management des akuten Koronarsyndroms mit invasiven und medikamentösen Methoden, die Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz und die Klappenersatzoperationen wurden zum Wohle der betroffenen Patienten verbessert. Gleichzeitig sind Kardiologen und alle betreuenden Ärzte mit einem Wandel der Patientencharakteristik konfrontiert. Begleiterkrankungen, Multimorbidität und die damit einhergehende Problematik der Polypharmazie erfordern klare Konzepte. Diagnostische und therapeutische Ansätze der geriatrischen Medizin bieten Ansätze zur Optimierung des therapeutischen Vorgehens in dieser Situation.Quality improvement in cardiology over the past decade focused on management of acute coronary syndrome with invasive and innovative medical therapies, optimizing treatment of congestive heart failure and the development of repair procedures in valvular heart disease. On the other hand cardiologist and the attendant physicians are confronted with changes in the characteristics of patients in the light of demographic facts. Comorbidity and polypharmacy raise the need for clear concepts. Therapeutic and diagnostic tools of geriatric medicine may help in that context.


Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | 2010

Medikamenten-induzierte Delirien älterer Menschen

Bernhard Iglseder; Peter Dovjak; Ursula Benvenuti-Falger; Birgit Böhmdorfer; Monika Lechleitner; Ronald Otto; Regina E. Roller; Ulrike Sommeregger; Markus Gosch

Drugs have been widely associated with the development of delirium in the elderly and represent the most common reversible cause of this condition. This is of importance since successful treatment depends on identifying the reversible contributing factors. Medications with anticholinergic properties, tranquilizers, analgesics and narcotics are common causes of drug-induced delirium. This article provides practical approach to prevent and recognise this condition, reviews the underlying neurotransmitter imbalances and reconsiders age-related changes of pharmacological effects, which may contribute to the development of delirium.SummaryDrugs have been widely associated with the development of delirium in the elderly and represent the most common reversible cause of this condition. This is of importance since successful treatment depends on identifying the reversible contributing factors. Medications with anticholinergic properties, tranquilizers, analgesics and narcotics are common causes of drug-induced delirium. This article provides practical approach to prevent and recognise this condition, reviews the underlying neurotransmitter imbalances and reconsiders age-related changes of pharmacological effects, which may contribute to the development of delirium.ZusammenfassungMedikamente sind häufige Auslöser von Delirien älterer Menschen und stellen dabei die häufigste reversible Ursache dar – dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da die Identifikation auslösender Faktoren die Grundlage einer erfolgreichen Therapie darstellt. Anticholinerg wirksame Medikamente, Tranquilizer, Schmerzmittel und Narkotika sind geläufige Auslöser von Delirien. Dieser Artikel bietet eine klinisch orientierte Übersicht über Prävention und Diagnose pharmakogener Delirien. Neben altersassoziierten Veränderungen der Pharmakologie werden die zu Grunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Mechanismen vor dem Hintergrund der involvierten Neurotransmitter dargestellt.


Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | 2010

Polypharmazie und Stürze im Alter

Ulrike Sommeregger; Bernhard Iglseder; Birgit Böhmdorfer; Ursula Benvenuti-Falger; Peter Dovjak; Monika Lechleitner; Ronald Otto; Regina E. Roller; Markus Gosch

Falls and their consequences are a major problem in geriatric medicine. Main causes are the combination of age-related physiological changes with multimorbidity and subsequent polypharmacy. Elderly patients are more susceptible to adverse drug effects and have less compensatory capacity than younger adults. Therefore careful monitoring of side effects is indicated and prescribing for elderly patients calls for alertness in order to identify symptoms as possible adverse drug effects.SummaryFalls and their consequences are a major problem in geriatric medicine. Main causes are the combination of age-related physiological changes with multimorbidity and subsequent polypharmacy. Elderly patients are more susceptible to adverse drug effects and have less compensatory capacity than younger adults. Therefore careful monitoring of side effects is indicated and prescribing for elderly patients calls for alertness in order to identify symptoms as possible adverse drug effects.ZusammenfassungStürze und ihre Folgen gehören zu den Hauptproblemen der Geriatrie. Neben altersphysiologischen Veränderungen spielt Multimorbidität und die sich daraus ergebende Polypharmazie dabei eine wesentliche Rolle. Ältere Menschen zeigen eine erhöhte Empfindlichkeit für Nebenwirkungen und eine verminderte Kompensationsfähigkeit in der Aufrechterhaltung der Homöostase. Deshalb ist eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit für mögliche unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen oder Interaktionen und eine verstärkte begleitende Kontrolle notwendiger Dauermedikation notwendig.


Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | 2010

[Drug-related delirium in elderly patients].

Bernhard Iglseder; Peter Dovjak; Ursula Benvenuti-Falger; Birgit Böhmdorfer; Monika Lechleitner; Ronald Otto; Regina E. Roller; Ulrike Sommeregger; Markus Gosch

Drugs have been widely associated with the development of delirium in the elderly and represent the most common reversible cause of this condition. This is of importance since successful treatment depends on identifying the reversible contributing factors. Medications with anticholinergic properties, tranquilizers, analgesics and narcotics are common causes of drug-induced delirium. This article provides practical approach to prevent and recognise this condition, reviews the underlying neurotransmitter imbalances and reconsiders age-related changes of pharmacological effects, which may contribute to the development of delirium.SummaryDrugs have been widely associated with the development of delirium in the elderly and represent the most common reversible cause of this condition. This is of importance since successful treatment depends on identifying the reversible contributing factors. Medications with anticholinergic properties, tranquilizers, analgesics and narcotics are common causes of drug-induced delirium. This article provides practical approach to prevent and recognise this condition, reviews the underlying neurotransmitter imbalances and reconsiders age-related changes of pharmacological effects, which may contribute to the development of delirium.ZusammenfassungMedikamente sind häufige Auslöser von Delirien älterer Menschen und stellen dabei die häufigste reversible Ursache dar – dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da die Identifikation auslösender Faktoren die Grundlage einer erfolgreichen Therapie darstellt. Anticholinerg wirksame Medikamente, Tranquilizer, Schmerzmittel und Narkotika sind geläufige Auslöser von Delirien. Dieser Artikel bietet eine klinisch orientierte Übersicht über Prävention und Diagnose pharmakogener Delirien. Neben altersassoziierten Veränderungen der Pharmakologie werden die zu Grunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Mechanismen vor dem Hintergrund der involvierten Neurotransmitter dargestellt.

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Ulrike Sommeregger

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Bernhard Iglseder

Salk Institute for Biological Studies

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Regina E. Roller

Medical University of Graz

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Marietta Nagano

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Susanne Melitta Janowitz

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Thomas Frühwald

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Ekkehard Schweitzer

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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