Blanca Susana Guevara Werlang

Estudo de ideação suicida em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos

Assessing suicide ideation among adolescents in general population was the goal of this study. The research included 730 youngsters between 13 and 19 years old, from Porto Alegre and Erechim towns, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Individuals were female (57.3%) and male (42.7%) youngsters attending public and private schools within the studied towns. Instruments used included a sociodemographic data sheet, Becks Scale of Suicide Ideation (BSI) and Becks Depression Inventory (BDI). Data were surveyed in the studied schools. Out of the 730 adolescents surveyed, 253 (34.7%) have shown suicide ideation, i.e., more than one third of the sample, 176 (69.6%) being female. The research has also found a significant association (p<0,001) between depression and suicide ideation. Among the studied variables, depression and female gender were those more associated to suicide ideation.This study aimed at identifying suicide ideation among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years old within the general population of Porto Alegre city, Brazil; characterizing adolescents with and without suicide ideation as to depression/hopelessness intensity; identifying suicide ideation, association level between suicide ideation and depression/hopelessness in those youngsters; as well as identifying the variables most associated to suicide ideation in those adolescents showing this behavior. A social-demographic datasheet, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used. Data were submitted to frequency calculation, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. From the 526 adolescents in the sample, 36% presented suicide ideation. Out of them, 36% showed depression symptoms and 28,6% hopelessness (moderate and/or severe). The variables most associated to suicide ideation were: feminine gender, a friends suicide attempt, depression and hopelessness.

Mulheres que sofrem violência doméstica: contribuições da psicanálise

This study seeks to understand how life history has an effect on the partner choice of women who suffers domestic violence and the factors that contribute for them to tolerate the repetition of an unacceptable behavior. The study included 12 women, aged over 18, regardless of race, socioeconomic status, education, who suffered domestic violence perpetrated by their intimate partners. The victims were found at two Reference Centers for Victims of Violence in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants filled out a Personal and Socio-demographic Form and answered to a Semi-structured Interview. The interviews were analyzed and categorized using the technique of content analysis. For the interpretation of the data, the psychoanalytic theory was used. The studied topics allow us to understand domestic violence as a result of a life history marked by traumatic experiences that move these women, through the compulsion to repeat, to perform partner choices that provide a violent scenario.This study seeks to understand how life history has an effect on the partner choice of women who suffers domestic violence and the factors that contribute for them to tolerate the repetition of an unacceptable behavior. The study included 12 women, aged over 18, regardless of race, socioeconomic status, education, who suffered domestic violence perpetrated by their intimate partners. The victims were found at two Reference Centers for Victims of Violence in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants filled out a Personal and Socio-demographic Form and answered to a Semi-structured Interview. The interviews were analyzed and categorized using the technique of content analysis. For the interpretation of the data, the psychoanalytic theory was used. The studied topics allow us to understand domestic violence as a result of a life history marked by traumatic experiences that move these women, through the compulsion to repeat, to perform partner choices that provide a violent scenario.

Trauma, dor e ato: o olhar da psicanálise sobre uma tentativa de suicídio

The existing relations among trauma, psychic pain and act are approached by means of the analysis of the clinical case of a person that has performed a suicide attempt. The inter-relation among the traumatic, the breaking of the psyche protection barriers and the prevalence of the unrepresentative contents predominance that as a consequence produces the act of trying to take ones own life. Through psychoanalytic metapsychology a suicide attempt is named as a pain-act.The existing relations among trauma, psychic pain and act are approached by means of the analysis of the clinical case of a person that has performed a suicide attempt. The inter-relation among the traumatic, the breaking of the psyche protection barriers and the prevalence of the unrepresentative contents predominance that as a consequence produces the act of trying to take ones own life. Through psychoanalytic metapsychology a suicide attempt is named as a pain-act.

A dinâmica familiar no contexto da crise suicida

Familias inseridas no contexto suicida organizam suas relacoes em torno de historias opressoras construidas atraves das geracoes, que impedem o desenvolvimento de autonomia e continuidade. Este artigo objetiva pensar sistemicamente sobre a dinâmica familiar da crise gerada pela tentativa de suicidio de um dos seus membros. Neste estudo, seis familias participaram de uma intervencao breve, desenvolvida com base na teoria sistemica. Os dados foram analisados com base no Metodo de Comparacao Constante, identificando-se categorias e a construcao de hipoteses a respeito da dinâmica familiar no contexto da crise suicida. Os resultados mostram que os participantes estao limitados em sua capacidade de apoiar o desenvolvimento de uma identidade autonoma, porque a dinâmica familiar identifica as novas oportunidades de narrar a si mesmo como ameaca ao sistema de lealdades que mantem a continuidade da familia, impedindo a renegociacao desses codigos. O sofrimento se apresenta como emocao que limita novas trocas, surgindo o comportamento suicida como alternativa.

Tentativa de suicídio: o traumático via ato-dor

The suicide attempt occurrence is a strong predictor for a suicide to happen. The present article considers a suicide attempt as a pain-act resulting from traumatic living experiences. The complex psychic situation of five individuals who attempted to commit suicide was analyzed through qualitative methodology. Four semi-constructed interviews have been carried out and they were the main instrument for data collecting. The data were analyzed through the Interpretative Analysis methodology based on Psychoanalytic Theory. Five assertions have been identified, which allowed us to understand the importance of the psychic damage caused by trauma as well as the relevance of careful listening and acceptance in the situation of suicide attempt.

A relação entre variáveis de saúde mental e cognição em idosos viúvos

To assess the cognitive abilities of widowed elders, a total sample of 34 elders (who have lost their spouses in the last 12 months) was identified among elders in Veranopolis-RS and 30 of them accepted to participate in the study. The control group was composed by 30 married subjects paired according to gender, age and level of education. The instruments used were: Measure Questionnaire of Memory Loss Complaints; Verbal Fluency - animal category; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; Digit subtest; Geriatric Depression Scales and Bereavement Phenomenology Questionnaire. Widowed elders had significantly more depressive symptoms and more points on the bereavement scale. However, there was no significant difference between the means of cognitive performance of widowed or married elders. In the census, the choice of widowhood as a selection criterion instead of bereavement (self reported) might have influenced the lack of association between widowhood and cognitive dysfunction, among other aspects.

Homicídio seguido de suicídio na cidade de Porto Alegre

This paper intended to characterize the profile of individuals who have committed homicide followed by suicide in Porto Alegre, during an 8-year period. The information about the events were gotten by newspaper articles and police inquiries researches, and through informants interviews. In the 14 cases located, the event seems to be a gender-related phenomenon, as men were the killers, while women and children were the victims. The most used method for both the homicide and suicide was gunshot. The victims home was the place where most homicides and suicides were committed, usually during the morning. In five cases, the event triggers were jealousy, threats or end of a relationship. The aggressor had problems in his primary support group, signs of impulsiveness , aggressiveness, alcohol abuse and criminal records, especially due to violence against his own family.

Flexibilidade mental na resolução de problemas em indivíduos que cumprem pena por homicídio qualificado

This study aimed at assessing problem-solving mental flexibility in individuals who were convicted for qualified murder, and confined in a medium-security prison within the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The quantitative cross-research study had a convenience sample (n=60) including 30 homicides, paired by gender, age, schooling and social class to 30 individuals who had no criminal records. Assessment instruments used were Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Stroop Color and Word Test, WAIS-III Block Design, Digit-Symbol Coding and Vocabulary subtests, a Mini-International Psychiatric Interview and a socio-demographic datasheet. In the WCST categories and in the Stroop Test, the group of homicides showed lower scores than the control group with a statistically significant difference (p<0,05). It is concluded that individuals convicted for qualified murder show lower problem-solving flexibility, than the individuals having no criminal records.

Excelencia Humana: a contribuicao da personalidade

This paper presents an analysis from the perspective of Positive Psychology of explanations from researchers concerning human excellence and what promotes and maintains it in the most varied domains. Personal and contextual factors are mentioned in the literature, while cognitive skills and intentional practice to achieve excellence stand out; personality variables are also critical to the development and demonstration of excellence. Based on the literature, this study suggests the importance of persistence, emotional control, and openness to experience.This paper presents an analysis from the perspective of Positive Psychology of explanations from researchers concerning human excellence and what promotes and maintains it in the most varied domains. Personal and contextual factors are mentioned in the literature, while cognitive skills and intentional practice to achieve excellence stand out; personality variables are also critical to the development and demonstration of excellence. Based on the literature, this study suggests the importance of persistence, emotional control, and openness to experience.

Women who suffer domestic violence: contributions of psychoanalysis

This study seeks to understand how life history has an effect on the partner choice of women who suffers domestic violence and the factors that contribute for them to tolerate the repetition of an unacceptable behavior. The study included 12 women, aged over 18, regardless of race, socioeconomic status, education, who suffered domestic violence perpetrated by their intimate partners. The victims were found at two Reference Centers for Victims of Violence in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants filled out a Personal and Socio-demographic Form and answered to a Semi-structured Interview. The interviews were analyzed and categorized using the technique of content analysis. For the interpretation of the data, the psychoanalytic theory was used. The studied topics allow us to understand domestic violence as a result of a life history marked by traumatic experiences that move these women, through the compulsion to repeat, to perform partner choices that provide a violent scenario.This study seeks to understand how life history has an effect on the partner choice of women who suffers domestic violence and the factors that contribute for them to tolerate the repetition of an unacceptable behavior. The study included 12 women, aged over 18, regardless of race, socioeconomic status, education, who suffered domestic violence perpetrated by their intimate partners. The victims were found at two Reference Centers for Victims of Violence in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants filled out a Personal and Socio-demographic Form and answered to a Semi-structured Interview. The interviews were analyzed and categorized using the technique of content analysis. For the interpretation of the data, the psychoanalytic theory was used. The studied topics allow us to understand domestic violence as a result of a life history marked by traumatic experiences that move these women, through the compulsion to repeat, to perform partner choices that provide a violent scenario.