Brenna Magdalena Lima Nogueira

Is the Use of Dexamethasone Effective in Controlling Pain Associated with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis? A Systematic Review

Introduction: Endodontic pain is a symptom of pulpal and/or periapical inflammation. One strategy for pain reduction is using medications, such as dexamethasone. A definitive protocol for preventing and controlling pain caused by irreversible pulpitis during endodontic treatment has not yet been established. This is a systematic review to answer the following question: is the use of dexamethasone effective in controlling pain associated with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis? Methods: This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42017058704), and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement recommendations were followed. MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were used in our research. No restrictions were applied to dates or language of publication. All records identified electronically were organized and evaluated by 2 independent authors, and, in case of doubt, a third author made the decision. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used. The data were analyzed with RevMan 5 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark), and data from eligible studies were dichotomous (with and without pain). Results: A total of 4825 studies were identified. After screening, 523 studies were selected, and, after careful evaluation, only 5 articles remained. All meta‐analyses revealed a global effect (P < .05, P < .05, and P < .05), which means that 4 mg dexamethasone helps relieve pain, sometimes for up to 8, 12, and 24 hours. Conclusions: The pain felt by patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis may be alleviated by administering 4 mg dexamethasone either by mouth or through intraligamentary and mainly supraperiosteal injections into the root canal for up to 24 hours. HIGHLIGHTThis article highlights the use of dexamethasone for controlling pain in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV-1 patients.

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the most frequent oral and systemic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive patients. METHODS The study was conducted on 300 HIV-1 patients attending the Reference Unit Specialized in Special Infectious Parasitic Diseases in Belém, Pará, Brazil. RESULTS The most prevalent oral conditions were caries (32.6%), candidiasis (32%), and periodontal disease (17%). Among the systemic manifestations, hepatitis (29.2%), gastritis (16%), arterial hypertension (14.7%), and tuberculosis (12%) were the most commonly observed. CONCLUSIONS We here reported on the most prevalent oral and systemic conditions in HIV-1-positive patients. The healthcare professionals knowledge of the various manifestations among these patients is fundamental to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment, and for improving the quality of life of these patients.

Genetic Autosomal Dominant Disorders: A Knowledge Review

Las enfermedades geneticas se producen debido a un exceso o ausencia de material cromosomico, y la consecuencia de estos cambios se refleja en los cambios morfologicos y fisiologicos. Trastornos autosomicos dominantes que tienen herencia dominante, como la disostosis cleidocraneal, el sindrome craneofacial de Apert, Treacher Collins y acondroplasia tiene caracteristicas peculiares y similares. Debido a sus implicaciones en el campo de la odontologia, el objetivo de esta revision es hablar, a traves de la exposicion de los factores clinicos y generales, destacando los signos en la cavidad oral. Se seleccionaron los articulos de las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed y BIREME, incluyendo los anos 2007-2014, y las palabras clave fueron: displasia cleidocraneal, craneofacial mandibulofacial disostosis, disostosis y oral. Los cambios de huesos maxilofaciales y craneofaciales estan bien documentados en la literatura, pero los estudios que informaron una asociacion entre el tratamiento dental y disostosis son escasos. En conclusion, las manifestaciones orales son causas de dificultades del habla, masticacion, respiracion y la participacion social.

Manifestaciones Orales en Pacientes Reumatológicos: una Revisión de los Conocimientos

La cavidad oral a traves de sus estructuras, dientes y mucosas, desempenan diversas funciones organicas. Actuan en el proceso masticatorio, en la percepcion de los sabores, ademas de servir de via respiratoria. La relacion entre alteraciones sistemicas y manifestaciones orales esta bien relatada en la literatura. Observandose en numerosos estudios, palabras claves de morbilidades primariamente bucales, seguidas del diagnostico de trastornos sistemicos. Las enfermedades reumaticas pueden manifestarse con alteraciones de la condicion bucal, ademas de las presentaciones clinicas peculiares a cada morbilidad. Para la realizacion de este trabajo fueron investigados en la literatura estudios que evidencien la presencia de manifestaciones orales en enfermedades reumaticas a traves de la busqueda en las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed y Bireme, incluidos en el ano 2009-2015. Las evidencias existentes en la literatura nos revelan la importancia de la inclusion de la evaluacion clinica de la boca y sus estructuras anexas, como elemento importante en el diagnostico auxiliar y orientacion para el manejo adecuado de las quejas de estos pacientes.

Effects of Different Irrigation Solutions and Protocols on Mineral Content and Ultrastructure of Root Canal Dentine

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions and irrigation protocols on the chemical and physical structure of root dentin. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected and then distributed into the following treatment groups (n=10): G1, saline solution (0.9% NaCl); G2, 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl; G3, 2.5% NaOCl + 9% Etidronate (HEBP) + 2.5% NaOCl; G4, mixture of 5% NaOCl + 18% HEBP; G5, 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 0.9% NaCl, and G6, 2.5% NaOCl + 9% HEBP + 0.9% NaCl. The ultrastructure of dentin was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) determined the chemical composition in terms of the calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) content and the Ca/P ratio; and the crystalline phase was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). A descriptive analysis was performed on the ultrastructure and the crystallography data of dentin. Data analysis included a chemical composition analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and a subsequent multiple comparison test (Tukey’s test). Results: Except for the control group, all groups showed morphological changes upon visualization with SEM. For EDS, G2 and G5 showed significant mineral loss and changes in the Ca/P ratio (P<0.05); the highest values of Ca and P were observed in G3, G4 and G6. Conclusion: All the irrigating solutions and irrigation protocols tested promoted changes in the morphology and physical and chemical composition of the dentin. However, no significant differences were observed crystallographically.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Pregnant Women About Oral Health

Hay evidencia de que los perfiles, habitos y conocimientos de la salud influyen en la salud oral de los ninos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el conocimiento de las mujeres embarazadas en las practicas de higiene oral y el cuidado de la cavidad oral del bebe. Una encuesta epidemiologica se llevo a cabo en 147 mujeres embarazadas. La muestra estuvo compuesta predominantemente por mujeres jovenes, de las cuales el 33,33 % no habia completado la escuela primaria y la mayoria eran amas de casa con ingresos familiares entre 1-2 salarios minimos. La familia fue considerado el principal medio de transmision de informacion sobre la higiene oral.

Morphological aspects and physical properties of enamel and dentine of Sus domesticus: A tooth model in laboratory research

This study aims to describe and analyze morphological and physical properties of deciduous teeth of Sus domesticus. Ultrastructural analysis, mineral composition and microhardness of enamel and dentine tissues were performed on 10 skulls of S. domesticus. External anatomic characteristics and the internal anatomy of the teeth were also described. Data regarding microhardness and ultrastructural analysis were subjected to statistical tests. For ultrastructural analysis, we used the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukeys post hoc (p≤0.05) test. In the analysis of microhardness, the difference between the enamel and dentine tissues was analyzed by a Students t test. Values were expressed as mean with standard error. The results of ultrastructural analysis showed the presence of an enamel prism pattern. A dentinal tubule pattern was also observed, with a larger diameter in the pulp chamber and the cervical third, in comparison to middle and apical thirds. We observed an average microhardness of 259.2kgf/mm(2) for enamel and 55.17kgf/mm(2) for dentine. In porcine enamel and dentine, the chemical elements Ca and P showed the highest concentration. The analysis of internal anatomy revealed the presence of a simple root canal system and the occurrence of main canals in the roots. The observed features are compatible with the functional demand of these animals, following a pattern very similar to that seen in other groups of mammals, which can encourage the development of research using dental elements from the pig as a substitute for human teeth in laboratory research.