Sílvio Augusto Fernandes de Menezes

Virulence Factors of Candida albicans Isolates from the Oral Cavities of HIV-1-Positive Patients

The present study assessed the phenotypic aspects of oral-cavity Candida albicans isolates from 300 HIV-1- positive patients, relating the most commonly investigated virulence factors (enzyme typing and germ-tube formation) to the most common morphotypes. The samples were seeded into specific media for isolation and subsequent identification using the automated Vitek 2 system. The following assays were performed for phenotypic characterization: morphotyping, germ-tube formation and enzyme typing. Out of 300 collected samples, 144 tested positive for yeasts of the Candida genus, 98 (32.7 %) of which were identified as C. albicans. The latter samples were attributed to seven different morphotypes; the three most common morphotypes were 7208 (49 %), 7308 (14.3 %) and 3208 (13.3 %). All of the C. albicans isolate samples formed germ tubes and produced the enzymes proteinase and phospholipase, with an activity classified as intermediate to high. Due to the identification of virulence factors among the analyzed samples, monitoring of HIV-1-positive patients colonized by different morphotypes must be established because these morphotypes are extremely pathogenic and can trigger severe fungal infections.

Oral carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Belém, Brazil

OBJECTIVE To identify the oral carriage of Candida spp in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the possible correlation with clinical characteristics. STUDY DESIGN Mucosal swab samples collected from 246 patients who were infected by HIV, did not have oral candidiasis, and were being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy were analyzed. Yeast colonies that developed were identified by using the VITEK 2 automated system. RESULTS Candida yeasts were present in 41.87% of the samples, and Candida albicans was the most prevalent (32.52%). Other identified Candida species were C tropicalis (4.88%), C parapsilosis (2.85%), C dubliniensis (0.81%), and C famata (0.81%). CONCLUSIONS There was low rate of oral Candida carriage in patients infected by HIV who were on highly active antiretroviral therapy. A greater prevalence of C albicans than non-albicans Candida species was found at the species level. Prior candidiasis predicted the oral carriage of C albicans; however, it did not influence the carriage of non-albicans species. This is the first report of oral carriage of C famata in patients with HIV infection.

Is the Use of Dexamethasone Effective in Controlling Pain Associated with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis? A Systematic Review

Introduction: Endodontic pain is a symptom of pulpal and/or periapical inflammation. One strategy for pain reduction is using medications, such as dexamethasone. A definitive protocol for preventing and controlling pain caused by irreversible pulpitis during endodontic treatment has not yet been established. This is a systematic review to answer the following question: is the use of dexamethasone effective in controlling pain associated with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis? Methods: This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42017058704), and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement recommendations were followed. MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were used in our research. No restrictions were applied to dates or language of publication. All records identified electronically were organized and evaluated by 2 independent authors, and, in case of doubt, a third author made the decision. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used. The data were analyzed with RevMan 5 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark), and data from eligible studies were dichotomous (with and without pain). Results: A total of 4825 studies were identified. After screening, 523 studies were selected, and, after careful evaluation, only 5 articles remained. All meta‐analyses revealed a global effect (P < .05, P < .05, and P < .05), which means that 4 mg dexamethasone helps relieve pain, sometimes for up to 8, 12, and 24 hours. Conclusions: The pain felt by patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis may be alleviated by administering 4 mg dexamethasone either by mouth or through intraligamentary and mainly supraperiosteal injections into the root canal for up to 24 hours. HIGHLIGHTThis article highlights the use of dexamethasone for controlling pain in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV-1 patients.

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the most frequent oral and systemic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive patients. METHODS The study was conducted on 300 HIV-1 patients attending the Reference Unit Specialized in Special Infectious Parasitic Diseases in Belém, Pará, Brazil. RESULTS The most prevalent oral conditions were caries (32.6%), candidiasis (32%), and periodontal disease (17%). Among the systemic manifestations, hepatitis (29.2%), gastritis (16%), arterial hypertension (14.7%), and tuberculosis (12%) were the most commonly observed. CONCLUSIONS We here reported on the most prevalent oral and systemic conditions in HIV-1-positive patients. The healthcare professionals knowledge of the various manifestations among these patients is fundamental to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment, and for improving the quality of life of these patients.

Genetic Autosomal Dominant Disorders: A Knowledge Review

Las enfermedades geneticas se producen debido a un exceso o ausencia de material cromosomico, y la consecuencia de estos cambios se refleja en los cambios morfologicos y fisiologicos. Trastornos autosomicos dominantes que tienen herencia dominante, como la disostosis cleidocraneal, el sindrome craneofacial de Apert, Treacher Collins y acondroplasia tiene caracteristicas peculiares y similares. Debido a sus implicaciones en el campo de la odontologia, el objetivo de esta revision es hablar, a traves de la exposicion de los factores clinicos y generales, destacando los signos en la cavidad oral. Se seleccionaron los articulos de las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed y BIREME, incluyendo los anos 2007-2014, y las palabras clave fueron: displasia cleidocraneal, craneofacial mandibulofacial disostosis, disostosis y oral. Los cambios de huesos maxilofaciales y craneofaciales estan bien documentados en la literatura, pero los estudios que informaron una asociacion entre el tratamiento dental y disostosis son escasos. En conclusion, las manifestaciones orales son causas de dificultades del habla, masticacion, respiracion y la participacion social.

Manifestaciones Orales en Pacientes Reumatológicos: una Revisión de los Conocimientos

La cavidad oral a traves de sus estructuras, dientes y mucosas, desempenan diversas funciones organicas. Actuan en el proceso masticatorio, en la percepcion de los sabores, ademas de servir de via respiratoria. La relacion entre alteraciones sistemicas y manifestaciones orales esta bien relatada en la literatura. Observandose en numerosos estudios, palabras claves de morbilidades primariamente bucales, seguidas del diagnostico de trastornos sistemicos. Las enfermedades reumaticas pueden manifestarse con alteraciones de la condicion bucal, ademas de las presentaciones clinicas peculiares a cada morbilidad. Para la realizacion de este trabajo fueron investigados en la literatura estudios que evidencien la presencia de manifestaciones orales en enfermedades reumaticas a traves de la busqueda en las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed y Bireme, incluidos en el ano 2009-2015. Las evidencias existentes en la literatura nos revelan la importancia de la inclusion de la evaluacion clinica de la boca y sus estructuras anexas, como elemento importante en el diagnostico auxiliar y orientacion para el manejo adecuado de las quejas de estos pacientes.

Comorbidities and Functional Impairment among People Living With HIV in Belém, Pará, Amazon Region of Brazil

1 Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil 2 Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Pará, Brazil 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University Centre of Para CESUPA, Belem, Pará, Brazil 4 Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University Centre of Para CESUPA, Belem, Pará Brazil

Perfil dos pacientes com necessidades especiais de uma clínica de odontopediatria - doi:10.5020/18061230.2011.p136

Objective: To assess the characteristics of special needs patients assisted at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Para. Methods: A descriptive observational study conducted from March 2007 to December 2009, assessing 137 records of which were extracted the following data: gender, age, origin, current and past medical history, type of special needs and major oral diseases. We applied descriptive statistics, one-dimensional frequency table and prepared graphs of the results. Results: We found 77 (56.2%) male patients, with mean age of 8.1 years; 118 (86.2%) living in the state capital of Para, 21 (15.3%) with respiratory problems, 37 (27.3%) with some allergy to medications and 54 (39.4%) making use of controlled drugs. Regarding the type of special need, we observed that 29 (28.3%) had neurologic and psychomotor delay and the primary oral disease found was dental caries, affecting 84 (61.3%) subjects. Conclusion: The assessed profile of patients with special needs is characterized by patients residing in the state capital of Para, with predominance of male children, with neurologic and psychomotor delay, with a mean age of 8.1 years, presenting mainly caries