Brigitte Grosgogeat

Influence of light energy and power density on the microhardness of two nanohybrid composites.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of light parameters on nanohybrid composite curing. Two nanohybrid resins were cured by two light-emitting diode (LED) devices and by one quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) device using different combinations of energy density and power density (8 J cm(-2) and 400 mW cm(-2); 8 J cm(-2) and 1,000 mW cm(-2); 16 J cm(-2) and 400 mW cm(-2); and 16 J cm(-2)-1,000 mW cm(-2)). The effects of these combinations on polymerization were assessed by measuring the Vickers microhardness. Data differed for the two composites and varied according to the light parameters and the nature of the curing device. For both resins, an energy density of 16 J cm(-2) yielded the best microhardness values at both the top and the bottom of the sample, independently of the power density. When using a lower energy density of 8 J cm(-2), a modulated power density was required to achieve proper curing at the bottom of the sample: 8 J cm(-2) and 400 mW cm(-2) induced greater values at the bottom surface. At an energy density of 16 J cm(-2), the power density was not relevant (no significant differences were found between 400 and 1,000 mW cm(-2)), except when the emission spectra of the light-curing units (LCUs) did not match exactly with the absorption spectra of the photoinitators included in the resins (greatest values with 16 J cm(-2) and 1,000 mW cm(-2)). These results suggest that above a certain energy density threshold, the power density may not significantly influence the polymerization kinetics.

Bioactive glass for dentin remineralization: A systematic review

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESnStrategies to achieve dentin remineralization is at present an important target of restorative dentistry. Remineralization of dentin by a bioactive material is complete only when the tissue regains its functionality. This is achieved when there is adequate apatite formation which most importantly translates into improved mechanical properties of dentin as a result of intrafibrillar mineralization. Bioactive glass (BAG) is a well-known implant material for bone regeneration and is proven to have excellent ability of apatite formation. Hence, recent studies have proposed BAGs as one of the most desired materials for remineralization of dentin. Therefore the aim of this systematic review was to scope the evidence of bioactive glass to remineralize dentin.nnnMETHODSnThe following research question was formulated: Is there strong evidence for bioactive glass to remineralize dentin? Three databases (Web of science, PubMed and Science direct) were scanned independently following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to identify relevant articles based on title and abstract screening. Finally, potentially relevant articles were downloaded and the full text was scrutinized to select the articles included in this review.nnnRESULTSnThe first phase of search returned 303 articles. A total of 19 papers with full text were scrutinized for inclusion, of which 3 papers were chosen for the final synthesis. All three studies confirm that BAG treatment leads to enhanced apatite formation in dentin. Only 1 of the 3 studies has reported the mechanical properties of dentin after BAG treatment and it revealed that the Youngs modulus and flexural bend strength of BAG treated dentin were much lower than natural dentin even though they had similar apatite content.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThis review highlights the importance of assessing the mechanical properties of dentin alongside to the newly formed apatite content in order to prove BAGs efficiency to remineralize this tissue. Though studies have confirmed that BAGs stimulate excellent apatite formation in dentin, it should be concluded that there isnt sufficient evidence for bioactive glass to effectively remineralize this tissue as the mechanical properties of the BAG treated dentin havent been well explored.

Bioactivity evaluation of collagen-based scaffolds containing a series of Sr-doped melt-quench derived phosphate-based glasses

AbstractPhosphate-based glasses have been attracting attention due to their possible medical applications arising from unique dissolution characteristics in the human body leading to the possibility of new tissue regeneration. In this study, the leaching kinetics of a series of melt-quenched Sr-doped phosphate glasses are presented. Regardless of the presence of Sr, all the glasses have an initial linear and sustained release of the ions followed by a plateau. To guarantee proper nutritional support to the growing tissue during regeneration and to mimic the 3-dimensional architecture of tissues, organic scaffold systems have been developed. However, their poor mechanical strength has limited their application. To overcome this problem, cross-linkers can be used although this then limits the solubility of the materials. To succeed in dealing with such a limitation, in this paper, by freeze-drying, the aforementioned soluble melt-quenched phosphate glasses were combined as powders with collagen fibres from bovine achilles tendon to make degradable scaffolds. The scaffolds were characterized by SEM, EDX and BET. Changes to the dissolution behaviour of the glasses arising from the presence of collagen interacting with the ions leached were reported. Furthermore, the ability of the scaffolds to induce hydroxyapatite (HA) formation was evaluated: one the elaborated scaffold could grow an HA-like layer after a week in SBF. Based on the results obtained, a possible application in restorative dentistry is proposed for one or more materials.n

Sol-gel bioglasses in dental and periodontal regeneration: A systematic review: Sol-gel bioglasses in dental and periodontal regeneration

Due to their osteoconductive and osteoinductive abilities, bioglasses (BGs) have attracted attention in tissue engineering, especially for mineralized tissue. The aim of this study is to review the current state of the art on the effects of BGs produced by sol-gel on cells for dental and periodontal regeneration. The study also discusses associated antibacterial properties. The research was performed by considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and the Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The research ranged 5 years window time (from January, 01, 2012, to August, 31, 2017) and the relevant studies were identified based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 45 articles were selected from 244 initial returns, plus seven further articles coming from other sources were selected for the same purpose. From this systematic study, it is revealed that only 13 of the 52 articles have proved both the ability of BGs to differentiate dental cells at genetic level and their ability of triggering cell-mediated mineralization, but only six of them showed, along with cells, the antibacterial properties of the glasses. This review shows that sol-gel BGs are not toxic, can sustain cell proliferation and differentiation at a genetic level, and can keep the bacterial population under control. Moreover, a standard methodology and an ideal material are suggested.

The influence of precursor addition order on the porosity of sol–gel bioactive glasses

OBJECTIVEnThe superior textural properties of sol-gel derived bioactive glasses compared to conventional melt quench glasses accounts for their accelerated bioactivity in vitro. Several studies have explored ways to improve the surface properties of sol-gel glasses in order to maximise their efficiency for bone and tooth regeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of order of network modifying precursor addition on the textural properties of sol-gel derived bioactive glasses.nnnMETHODSnThe effect of precursor addition order on the glass characteristics was assessed by switching the order of network modifying precursor (calcium acetate monohydrate and sodium acetate anhydrous) addition for a fixed composition of bioactive glass (75SiO2:5CaO:10Na2O:10P2O5).nnnRESULTSnThe results of this study showed that the order of precursor addition does influence the porosity of these glasses. For the glasses of a fixed composition and preparation conditions we achieved a doubling of surface area, a 1.5 times increase in pore volume and a 1.2 times decrease in pore size just by the mixing the network modifying precursors and adding them together in the sol-gel preparation.nnnSIGNIFICANCEnThis simple and straightforward route adaptation to the preparation of bioactive glasses would allow us to enhance the textural properties of existing and novel composition of bioactive glasses and thus accelerate their bioactivity.