Brody A. Flanagin

Long stem reverse shoulder arthroplasty and cerclage for treatment of complex long segment proximal humeral fractures with diaphyseal extension in patients more than 65 years old.

INTRODUCTION Treatment of long segment proximal humeral fractures with extension below the surgical neck into the diaphysis remains a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes following primary long-stem RSA with cerclage fixation for complex long segment proximal humeral fractures with diaphyseal extension in patients more than 65 years old. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between February 2010 and March 2013, 22 patients who suffered a complex proximal humerus fracture with extended diaphyseal involvement underwent surgery with long-stem RSA and cerclages fixation. There were 17 female and 5 male patients, and the mean age was 77.2 years at time of surgery (range 65-84 years). All patients had a 3 or 4-part proximal humerus fracture or a two part fracture with a split of humeral head, with extension to the proximal diaphysis. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed on all 22 patients at 6 weeks, at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and then at 2 years. Clinical evaluation consisted of the shoulder rating Constant scale. X ray evaluation was done to evaluate fracture healing and eventually humeral and glenoid component loosening or other complications. RESULTS No infections were reported, neither other serious complications. Two patients developed a seroma and one patient developed chronic pain at that was treated with referral to pain management. No patients were lost at follow-up. At final follow-up, average active elevation was 132.5° (range 100°-140°), external rotation 30° (range 55°-10°). Average abduction was 120° (range 90°-135°). The mean adjusted Constant score was 72/100 (range 64-82). All fractures were healed within 3 months after surgery. No loosening of the humeral or glenoid components and no episodes of dislocation/instability were observed in this series. We did not observe scapular notching in any patient on the x-ray at most recent follow-up. CONCLUSION Long-stem RSA with cerclages wire fixation represents a viable treatment option for complex long-segment displaced proximal humerus fractures with diaphyseal extension in patients older than 65 years. Our results suggest clinical outcomes at two years of follow up are satisfactory with an acceptable complication rate.

Biologic resurfacing arthroplasty with acellular human dermal allograft and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in young patients with glenohumeral arthritis-average of 60 months of at mid-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND The treatment of young patients with glenohumeral arthritis has been challenging. Alternative treatment options include activity modification, arthroscopic débridement, and arthroplasty. Addressing the glenoid during arthroplasty in this population of patients continues to be a significant challenge. In this study, we evaluated the midterm outcomes of hemiarthroplasty with biologic resurfacing of the glenoid with human dermal matrix allograft. METHODS Between 2004 and 2011, 55 patients underwent hemiarthroplasty and biologic resurfacing of the glenoid with human dermal matrix allograft. The average age was 50 ± 9 years. Subjective evaluation was performed with the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, visual analog scale, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation. Patients returned to the clinic for clinical examination and radiographic evaluation. The average follow-up was 60 months. RESULTS The average postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 76 ± 22, and the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index score was 76% ± 22%. The visual analog scale score was 2.4 ± 2.6. The average preoperative Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score was 33% ± 22%, which significantly improved to 72% ± 22% postoperatively. Eighty-one percent of the patients were satisfied (10/47) or highly satisfied (28/47) with their result. With radiographic evaluation, the average joint space was 1 ± 1 mm preoperatively and 2 ± 1 mm postoperatively. A total of 5 cases (9.1%) were revised to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty with implantation of a glenoid component. DISCUSSION Hemiarthroplasty with biologic resurfacing of the glenoid using human dermal matrix allograft can lead to successful midterm outcomes with satisfactory complication and revision rates. Both patient satisfaction and clinical outcome remain high regardless of radiographic outcome.

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Fracture: Indications and Technique

Proximal humerus fractures are a common injury seen in the elderly population. The optimal management of displaced and/or unstable fractures is controversial and is influenced by many different factors. Several different techniques, including open reduction and internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty, have been described in the surgical treatment of acute proximal humerus fractures. The reported results after these procedures have been inconsistent and subject to high rates of complications and poor functional outcomes. Furthermore, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has emerged in recent years as a potential option, and short-term results have shown improved outcomes compared to hemiarthroplasty. In this chapter we outline our comprehensive treatment algorithm for treatment of acute proximal humerus fractures with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Biceps Instability: With Versus Without Rotator Cuff Lesions

A thorough history and physical examination should be performed to obtain all necessary information and access for symptoms of biceps instability. Diagnostic injection of 1 % lidocaine in the glenohumeral can be helpful to reduce/eliminate pain from possible biceps pathology, especially in a patient with no pain or weakness with rotator cuff strength testing.