Bruno V. S. Pimenta

Morphological and Acoustical Variation, Geographic Distribution, and Conservation Status of the Spinythumb Frog Crossodactylus bokermanni Caramaschi and Sazima, 1985 (Anura, Hylodidae)

Abstract Crossodactylus bokermanni is a spinythumb frog known only from the type locality and categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable in different red lists. The examination of many unidentified specimens collected in the range of the Serra do Espinhaço, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, revealed that C. bokermanni has a wider distributional range than previously reported. Nontopotypic specimens could not be referred to C. bokermanni earlier because of the confused taxonomy of the genus. A detailed comparative diagnosis is presented, and morphological and acoustical variations are characterized to accurately determine the species limits of C. bokermanni. Previous studies presenting evidence for the decline of the topotypic populations of C. bokermanni are not supported by the available literature, museum collections, and recently collected field data. The conservation status of this species needs to be revised based on the new information regarding the geographic distribution of the species.

A new species of the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil

A new species of the Physalaemus signifer group from the Atlantic Rain Forest of the state of Bahia is described and illustrated. It is characterized by a well-developed vocal sac, second finger with the same size or longer than fourth, finely rugose dorsal skin, and distinct structure of advertisement call, composed of densely aggregated pulses. Information on tadpole external morphology and advertisement call structure are presented. Uma nova especie do grupo de Physalaemus signifer da Mata Atlântica do Estado da Bahia e descrita e ilustrada. E caracterizada pelo saco vocal bem desenvolvido, o segundo dedo com comprimento igual ou maior que o quarto, pele do dorso finamente rugosa e estrutura distinta do canto de anuncio, composto por pulsos densamente agregados. Informacoes sobre a morfologia externa do girino e a estrutura do canto de anuncio sao apresentadas.

New Species of Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 from Southern Bahia, Brazil (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

Abstract A new species of Physalaemus belonging to the Physalaemus cuvieri species group is described from southern Bahia, Brazil. It inhabits the borders of Atlantic Rain Forest fragments, natural forest clearings, and cacao plantations. The new species is characterized by its medium size, robust body, warty skin, presence of inguinal glands, one pair of dorsal tubercles on the sacral region, and an interorbital black transversal stripe generally covering a pair of tubercles.

TAXONOMIC STATUS OF GOMPHOBATES MARMORATUS REINHARDT AND LÜTKEN, 1862 “1861” AND EUPEMPHIX FUSCOMACULATUS STEINDACHNER, 1864 (AMPHIBIA, ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE)

Abstract An analysis of specimens deposited in herpetological collections and identified as Physalaemus fuscomaculatus demonstrated that these differ from the types of this taxon, Eupemphix fuscomaculatus, Consequently, the taxonomic status of Gomphobates marmoratus and Eupemphix fuscomaculatus was revised based on the types and on data in the literature. Gomphobates marmoratus is associated to the genus Physalaemus, as Physalaemus marmoratus, and refers to specimens previously identified as Physalaemus fuscomaculatus, Additionally, Eupemphix fuscomaculatus is associated to the genus Pleurodema in the combination Pleurodema fuscomaculata.

New species of Ischnocnema (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the atlantic rainforest of the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil.

ABSTRACT. We describe a new species of Ischnocnema from Santa Teresa, in the Atlantic Rainforest of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Ischnocnema abdita sp. nov. is a member of the Ischnocnema lactea species series; it differs from other Ischnocnema mainly by presenting small size (adult male SVL 15.7 ±0.49 mm; range 15.0–16.8 mm); small discs on fingers I and II, and elliptical, wider than long, moderate sized discs on fingers III and IV; and finger I slightly smaller than finger II. The new species closely resembles Ischnocnema bolbodactyla, differing from it by presenting upper and lower margins of iris red in life; inguinal region with many yellow blotches in life; posterior region of belly and ventral surfaces of thighs, shanks, and feet roughly marbled with large pale yellow blotches; and hidden dorsal area of thighs dark brown with few large pale yellow blotches.

New Species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil, with Comments on the I. verrucosa Species Series

Abstract Field activities in several localities within the basin of the Doce River, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, resulted in the collection of a new Ischnocnema that we assign to the I. verrucosa species series. The new species resembles I. verrucosa and I. octavioi by its possession of small digital discs, short legs, conspicuously tuberculate dorsal surfaces, a W-shaped mark between the shoulders with two large tubercles at the bases, and a red iris with a vertical black bar in life. It differs from I. verrucosa and I. octavioi by its possession of externally indistinct tympanum and tympanic annulus and visible white glandular-appearing nuptial pads in males. We also assign I. octavioi and I. penaxavantinho to the I. verrucosa species series.

The tadpole and advertisement call of Physalaemus aguirrei Bokermann, 1966 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae)

The neotropical frog genus Physalaemus is currently composed of 41 valid species (Frost, 2002) arranged in four groups (Lynch, 1970). The Physalaemus cuvieri group is the most diversified, with 20 species occurring from northern to southern South America (Frost, 2002). Information about tadpoles of nine species and vocalizations of fifteen species of this group are available in literature (see Bokermann, 1962, 1966a, 1966b, 1967; Barrio, 1964, 1965; Langone, 1989; Heyer et al., 1990; Rossa-Feres and Jim, 1993; Duellman, 1997; Perroti, 1997; Cannatella et al., 1998; Tarano, 2001). However, Physalaemus aguirrei is a poorly known species of this group, occurring in the Atlantic Forest in the states of Espirito Santo and Bahia, Brazil (Van Sluys, 1998; Frost, 2002). According to Bokermann (1966a), this species can be found dwelling on the forest floor litter but breeds in temporary ponds in open habitats. Feio et al. (1999) pointed out that P. aguirrei, P. maximus, P. olfersii, and P. soaresi could compose a new species group, due to morphological similarities, and their forest breeding habits but they lacked necessary evidence to confirm this suggestion. Herein, we follow Lynch’s (1970) organisation of the P. cuvieri group. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on tadpole morphology, advertisement call structure and habitat of P. aguirrei.

Notes On The Poorly Known Phyllomedusine Frog Hylomantis Aspera Peters, 1872 (Anura, Hylidae)

Abstract The genus Hylomantis, anteriorly restricted to the Northeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, was recently augmented with the inclusion of the species of the former Phyllomedusa buckleyi group. The discovery of new populations of Hylomantis aspera, a poorly known species occurring in the southern region of the State of Bahia, Brazil, allowed the collection of new data regarding tadpole external morphology, advertisement call, color in life, habitat, and geographic distribution. Tadpoles of the H. aspera species group present an anteroventral short funnel-shaped structure on the oral disc. The occurrence of bright orange coloration on flanks and hidden portions of legs, a presumed evidence for the monophly of the H. buckleyi species group, also occurs in H. aspera and could be interpreted as supporting the clade Hylomantis + the former P. buckleyi group. A remarkable character found in species of the H. aspera group is a white hepatic peritoneum, anteriorly known only for some centrolenid frogs, which is absent on species of the H. buckleyi group.

Synonymy of Crossodactylus bokermanni Caramaschi & Sazima, 1985 with Crossodactylus trachystomus (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862) and description of a new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Anura: Hylodidae)

The analysis of the external morphology variation in Crossodactylus bokermanni, C. trachystomus, and in unidentified specimens from 14 localities along the southern region of the Serra do Espinhaço, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, revealed that all of these forms belong to the same taxon. Crossodactylus bokermanni is considered a junior synonym of C. trachystomus, whose holotype is redescribed and figured. The population from Serra da Canastra, western Minas Gerais, previously referred to as Crossodactylus cf. trachystomus, is herein described and figured as Crossodactylus franciscanus. Its advertisement call is redescribed and compared to those known for the genus.

Morphological variation, advertisement call, and tadpoles of Bokermannohyla nanuzae (Bokermann, 1973), and taxonomic status of B-feioi (Napoli &Caramaschi, 2004) (Anura, Hylidae, Cophomantini)

Bokermannohyla nanuzae (Bokermann & Sazima 1973) and B. feioi (Napoli & Caramaschi 2004) belong to the B. cir-cumdata species group. The type locality of the former is Serra do Cipó, Espinhaço mountain range, and of the latter is Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Mantiqueira mountain range, both in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Differences on dorsal draw-ing pattern of adults, oral disc morphology of tadpoles, and temporal properties of calls were proposed to distinguish these two species. However, several specimens found between the two type localities remain unidentified because diagnostic characters and states occur in all of these populations. Thus, in order to assess these characters variations, we performed an analysis of the morphology and morphometry of adults, vocalization, and morphology of tadpoles. Specimens were divided into three operational taxonomic units (OTUs): B. nanuzae (Serra do Cipó and northwards, Espinhaço mountain range), B. cf. nanuzae (Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Espinhaço mountain range, south of Serra do Cipó), and B. feioi (Serra do Ibitipoca, Mantiqueira mountain range). Drawing patterns of the dorsum and limbs show clinal variation and the three units are morphometrically very similar. Temporal and spectral properties of calls overlap in these three units. The diagnostic differences originally proposed for tadpoles are intrapopulational variations and occur in specimens from all of the locations analyzed. We found that these three units are morphologically indistinguishable. Therefore, we designate Bok-ermannohyla feioi (Napoli & Caramaschi 2004) as a junior synonym of Bokermannohyla nanuzae (Bokermann & Sazima 1973), extending its geographical distribution to the Mantiqueira mountain range.