Bula Singh

Spectroscopic, electrochemical and molecular docking study of the binding interaction of a small molecule 5H-naptho[2,1-f][1,2] oxathieaphine 2,2-dioxide with calf thymus DNA

The interaction of 5H-naptho[2,1-f][1,2]oxathieaphine2,2-dioxide (NOTD) with calf thymus DNA in Tris-HCl buffer at physiological pH was investigated with the help of various spectroscopic and electrochemical methods along with molecular docking study. Studying the non-covalent binding interaction of a neutral fluorophore with ctDNA has become an active field of research at the interface between medicinal chemistry and biological science. NOTD is known for its various toxicological, skin sensitization, and antiviral properties. Still, to date, its interaction style with ctDNA is not well elucidated. UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) suggest the complex formation between NOTD and ctDNA with binding constant value in the order of 3.12-4.1(×104)M-1. Binding nature of NOTD with ctDNA is affirmed from the DNA helix melting experiment, comparative displacement assay using known DNA intercalator, cyclic voltammetry and finally molecular docking study. It was evident from experimental result that the probe NOTD binds with ctDNA in groove binding mode as manifested by a decrease in iodide quenching effect, spectral change in CD, a substantial increase in denaturing temperature in DNA and change in potential value. Furthermore, the molecular docking study insisted the above mentioned experimental result in a very affectionate way.

Spectroscopic and theoretical studies of charge-transfer interaction of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-napthol with nitroaromatics

1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-napthol (hereafter 1Q) is widely used as a chelating ligand applied in chelatometric, spectrophotometric analysis of metal ions. It appeared from the literature survey that no inclusion complex of 1Q was reported with nitroaromatics. The formation of charge-transfer complex gives an opportunity to improve the physico-chemical properties of different donors. So the complex of 1Q with 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), picric acid (PA), and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (3,5-DNSA) was described in this work in methanol medium. The ground and excited state binding constants and other spectroscopic data have been determined using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. All the complexes have been synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. Spectroscopic data reveal that 1Q joins by a N+HO- type hydrogen bond with nitroaromatics. Jobs plot of the continuous variation of absorbance indicates that stoichiometry of CT-complex was 1:1. Thermal stability of the synthesized complex has determined by TGA-DTA analysis. Energy-minimization DFT calculation further supported the formation of the H-bonded charge-transfer adduct.

Comparative studies on the oxidative dechlorination of chlorophenols by a superoxide complex

The chlorophenols (CPs), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), are potent environmental hazards. They can be dechlorinated to safer products by reacting them with the Co(III)-bound superoxo complex [(NH3)5Co(µ-O2)Co(NH3)5]5+ (1). In acidic media, the redox reactions between 1 and all three CPs follow a first-order process and the observed rate constant ko values increase with increasing concentrations of CPs and pH of the medium. Our observations suggest that the deprotonated forms of the CPs are ~ 105 times more reactive than the protonated forms, and the reactions proceed via a common free radical mechanism. Initially, the CP molecules undergo 2-e− oxidations by complex 1 to generate phenolic radicals, which then form unstable quinones. Through the aromatic ring opening, the latter intermediates finally degrade to different products. The reactivity order for these CPs is 4-CP ≈ 2,4,6-TCP > 2,4-DCP.

Penicillamine and captopril: mechanistic exploration of defensive actions of thiol drugs against a metal bound-superoxo complex

Abstract In acid-media ([H+] = 0.01–0.06 M), each of the thiol compounds, D-penicillamine (PEN, LPH2) and captopril (CAP, LCH2) exist in several proton-dependent forms which can reduce the superoxo complex [(en)(dien)CoIII(O2)CoIII(en)(dien)]5+ (1) to the corresponding peroxo [(en)(dien)CoIII(O2)CoIII(en)(dien)]4+ (2) or the hydroperoxo complex [(en)(dien)CoIII(OOH)CoIII(en)(dien)]5+ (3). The observed first-order rate constants, ko,P and ko,C for PEN and CAP increase with the increase in [TPEN] and [TCAP] (which are the analytical concentrations of the respective thiols) but decrease with the increase in the media-acidity ([H+]) and the media ionic strength (I). The protolytic equilibria in aqueous solution allow several potentially reducing forms to coexist for both PEN (LPH3+, LPH2, LPH−, and LP2−) and CAP (LCH2, LCH−, LC2−) but the kinetic analyses reveal that the order of reactivity for the species are LPH3+ ~ LPH2 <<< LPH− and LCH2 < LCH− <<< LC2−, respectively. The predominance and higher reactivities of the anionic species, LPH− and LC2− are supported by the negative slopes of the plots of ko,P or ko,C versus I. Moreover, a large value of kH/kD for PEN suggests an inner-sphere electroprotic reaction pathway while the absence of such effect for CAP strongly supports an outer-sphere electron transfer reaction. These propositions are supported by the structural features of LPH− and LC2−.