Bunbun Bundjali

The microwave assisted synthesis of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as potential corrosion inhibitor toward carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution saturated with carbon dioxide

Injection of corrosion inhibitor into the fluid current of oil and gas pipelines is an effective way to mitigate corrosion rate on the inner-surface parts of pipelines, especially carbon steel pipelines. In this research, two alkylimidazolium ionic liquids, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (IL1) and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (IL2) have been synthesized and studied as a potential corrosion inhibitor towards carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution saturated with carbon dioxide. IL1 and IL2 were synthesized using microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) method. Mass Spectrometry analysis of IL1 and IL2 showed molecular mass [M-H+] peak at 223.2166 and 251.2484, respectively. The FTIR,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra confirmed that IL1 and IL2 were successfully synthesized. Corrosion inhibition activity of IL1 and IL2 were determined using weight loss method. The results showed that IL1 and IL2 have the potential as good corrosion inhibitors with corrosion inhibition efficiency of IL1 and IL2 are 96.00% ...

Polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by blending of poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(ethylene oxide) for lithium battery application

Recently, the battery industry has represented one important and growing sector where the use of non-toxic and non-hazardous substitute materials has not rapidly developed. The environmentally friendly polymer electrolyte is required to decrease the risk of environmental pollution caused by toxic materials of battery components. Therefore, in this study was focused on the preparation of the environmentally friendly low cost polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion battery applications. The preparation of polymer electrolyte membrane was done by casting of polymer solution. Polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by mixing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and LiClO4 with various compositions, and each component of was separately dissolved in demineralized water. Polymer solution was stirred until homogeneous, the solution was then poured onto a petri dish, and the solvent was evaporated to form the film/membrane. The characterizations of polymer electrolyte membranes were carried out by using FTIR for functional group, Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) used for ionic conductivity, Autograph for mechanical strength, and Optical microscope for surfaces morphology. The optimal ionic conductivity was obtained on the membrane with PVA/PEO composition of 7/3 (w/w). By addition of PEO on the blending of LiClO4-PVA can increase the mechanical stress and modulus at break of the membranes, and the optimal mechanical stress and modulus at break of membranes were obtained in the membrane with PVA/PEO ratio of 8/2. In addition, the increase LiClO4 content in membranes can improve the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membranes, but the mechanical strength of membranes decreases.

Mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes prepared from cellulose acetate-lithium perchlorate

The need for secondary batteries is increasing every year. The secondary battery using a liquid electrolyte has some weaknesses. A solid polymer electrolyte is the alternative electrolytes developed to replace the liquid electrolyte type. This study was conducted to determine the effect of lithium perchlorate content on the polymer electrolyte membranes of cellulose acetate-LiClO4. The cellulose acetate-LiClO4 membranes were prepared by mixing cellulose acetate and LiClO4 in various compositions using tetrahydrofurane (THF) as solvent. The effect of LiClO4 ratios on the polymer electrolyte membranes was studied by analysis of the functional groups using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy measurement, the ionic conductivity by EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) method, and mechanical properties by tensile tester measurements. The ionic conductivity of the membranes increased with the increasing in the ratios of lithium perchlorate content in the membranes and reached the optimum value at 1.79×10−4 S cm−1 corresponded to the cellulose acetate doped with 25% (w/w) LiClO4 membrane. The presence of 10% (w/w) LiClO4 content within cellulose acetate membranes can increase the mechanical properties of the membranes from 19.89 to 43.29 MPa for tensile strength, and from 2.55 to 4.53% for elongation at break. However, when the cellulose acetate membranes containing ratio of LiClO4 more than 10% (w/w), consequently the tensile strength tended to decrease and the elongation at break was increased.

Preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose from corncob used as reinforcement in separator for lithium ion battery

Cellulose is a natural polymer which is insoluble in water. Nanometer sized cellulose is known as nanocrystalline has a higher surface area than cellulose. Due to this property, it is more easily to be modified for various applications such as for reinforcing agent in lithium ion battery separator. Nanocrystalline cellulose was obtained by acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The cellulose used in this study was obtained by isolation of corncob, followed by hydrolyzed using H2SO4 50% at 45°C for 60 minutes. Nanocrystalline cellulose was then characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction. Based on PSA results, the nanocrystalline cellulose has an average diameter of 17,4 nm with a spherical morphology determined by SEM analysis. The analysis of X-Ray diffraction showed the crystallinity index of nanocrystalline cellulose was higher than isolated cellulose in the amount of 75%. The Impedance Spectrometry (IE) measurement showed that the ionic conductivity of PVA/LiClO4/nanocrystalline cellulose membrane is 1.66 × 10−4 S/cm. So, nanocrystalline cellulose has a potential to be used as a nanocomposite in polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium ion battery separator.

Synthesis and analysis of chitosan-lithium battery cell in various charge/discharge currents

Electricity is a form of energy that can be easily transformed into other energy forms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the chitosan-lithium battery cells. It is found that the energy of chitosan-lithium battery cells will give decreases with the decreasing of given discharge current at a very small percentage value. The greatest energy efficiency given by battery cell with charge current at 1C and discharge current at 0.2C is 12.55%. The conductivity of chitosan-lithium membrane found to be 1.25 × 10-4 S.cm-1 after charge/discharge test. At charge currents 1C, high discharge (2C and 1C) current gave higher resistances compared to lower currents (0.5C and 0.3C). ReSr value tends to decrease with decreasing discharge currents is given. However, charge current 0.7C and discharge current 0.2C did not show any significant difference between the low discharge currents and the high discharge currents.

Preparation of Polymers Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium Battery from Styrofoam Waste

Recently, the battery industry has represented one important and growing sector where the use of non-toxic and non-hazardous substitute materials has not rapidly developed. The environmentally friendly polymer electrolyte is required to decrease the risk of environmental pollution caused by toxic materials of battery components. Therefore, in this study was focused on the preparation of the environmentally friendly polymer electrolyte membrane with low cost for lithium-ion battery applications. The preparation of polymer electrolyte membrane was done by casting of polymer solution. The main materials used to prepare polymer electrolyte membranes are sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) obtained from isolation of Styrofoam, hydrolyzed bacterial poly(R-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as an ionic salt. The isolated polystyrene was reacted with acetyl sulfate to form sulfonated polystyrene (SPS). These three main materials were dissolved in an appropriate solvent and mixture until homogenous. The polymer solution was poured into a petri dish, and then their solvent was evaporated. The results showed that the increase LiClO4 content in the membranes, the conductivity of membrane increases, but their mechanical strength decreases and the surface morphology of membranes becomes less uniform and homogenous.