I Made Arcana

Polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by blending of poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(ethylene oxide) for lithium battery application

Recently, the battery industry has represented one important and growing sector where the use of non-toxic and non-hazardous substitute materials has not rapidly developed. The environmentally friendly polymer electrolyte is required to decrease the risk of environmental pollution caused by toxic materials of battery components. Therefore, in this study was focused on the preparation of the environmentally friendly low cost polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion battery applications. The preparation of polymer electrolyte membrane was done by casting of polymer solution. Polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by mixing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and LiClO4 with various compositions, and each component of was separately dissolved in demineralized water. Polymer solution was stirred until homogeneous, the solution was then poured onto a petri dish, and the solvent was evaporated to form the film/membrane. The characterizations of polymer electrolyte membranes were carried out by using FTIR for functional group, Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) used for ionic conductivity, Autograph for mechanical strength, and Optical microscope for surfaces morphology. The optimal ionic conductivity was obtained on the membrane with PVA/PEO composition of 7/3 (w/w). By addition of PEO on the blending of LiClO4-PVA can increase the mechanical stress and modulus at break of the membranes, and the optimal mechanical stress and modulus at break of membranes were obtained in the membrane with PVA/PEO ratio of 8/2. In addition, the increase LiClO4 content in membranes can improve the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membranes, but the mechanical strength of membranes decreases.

Mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes prepared from cellulose acetate-lithium perchlorate

The need for secondary batteries is increasing every year. The secondary battery using a liquid electrolyte has some weaknesses. A solid polymer electrolyte is the alternative electrolytes developed to replace the liquid electrolyte type. This study was conducted to determine the effect of lithium perchlorate content on the polymer electrolyte membranes of cellulose acetate-LiClO4. The cellulose acetate-LiClO4 membranes were prepared by mixing cellulose acetate and LiClO4 in various compositions using tetrahydrofurane (THF) as solvent. The effect of LiClO4 ratios on the polymer electrolyte membranes was studied by analysis of the functional groups using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy measurement, the ionic conductivity by EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) method, and mechanical properties by tensile tester measurements. The ionic conductivity of the membranes increased with the increasing in the ratios of lithium perchlorate content in the membranes and reached the optimum value at 1.79×10−4 S cm−1 corresponded to the cellulose acetate doped with 25% (w/w) LiClO4 membrane. The presence of 10% (w/w) LiClO4 content within cellulose acetate membranes can increase the mechanical properties of the membranes from 19.89 to 43.29 MPa for tensile strength, and from 2.55 to 4.53% for elongation at break. However, when the cellulose acetate membranes containing ratio of LiClO4 more than 10% (w/w), consequently the tensile strength tended to decrease and the elongation at break was increased.

Synthesis of polymer electrolyte membranes from cellulose acetate/poly(ethylene oxide)/LiClO4 for lithium ion battery application

This study was conducted to determine the effect of cellulose acetate on poly(ethylene oxide)-LiClO4 membranes as the polymer electrolyte. Cellulose acetate is used as an additive to increase ionic conductivity and mechanical property of polymer electrolyte membranes. The increase the percentage of cellulose acetate in membranes do not directly effect on the ionic conductivity, and the highest ionic conductivity of membranes about 5,7 × 10−4 S/cm was observed in SA/PEO/LiClO4 membrane with cellulose ratio of 10-25% (w/w). Cellulose acetate in membranes increases mechanical strength of polymer electrolyte membranes. Based on TGA analysis, this polymer electrolyte thermally is stable until 270 °C. The polymer electrolyte membrane prepared by blending the cellulose acetate, poly(ethylene oxide), and lithium chlorate could be potentially used as a polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery application.

Synthesis and characterization of ionic liquid (EMImBF4)/Li+ - chitosan membranes for ion battery

Lithium ion battery has been currently developed and produced because it has a longer life time, high energycapacity, and the efficient use of lithium ion battery that is suitable for storing electrical energy. However, this battery has some drawbacks such as use liquid electrolytes that are prone to leakage and flammability during the battery charging process in high temperature. In this study, an ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4) containing Li+ ions was synthesized and combined with chitosan polymer host as a polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion batteries to solve this problems. This ionic liquid was obtained from the anion metathesis reaction between EMImBr and LiBF4 salt, while EMImBr was synthesized from the reaction between 1-methylimidazole and ethyl bromide utilizing Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) method. The ionic liquid obtained was characterized by microstructure analysis with using NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The polymer electrolyte membra...

Synthesis of cobalt stearate as oxidant additive for oxo-biodegradable polyethylene

Cobalt stearate is an oxidant additives that can initiate a process of degradation in high density polyethylene (HDPE). To determine the effect of cobalt stearate in HDPE, oxo-biodegradable polyethylene film was given an irradiation with UV light or heating at various temperature. After given a heating, the FTIR spectra showed a new absorption peak at wave number 1712 cm−1 indicating the presence of carbonyl groups in polymers, whereas after irradiation with UV light is not visible the presence of this absorption peak. The increase concentration of cobalt stearate added in HDPE and the higher heating temperature, the intensity of the absorption peak of the carbonyl group increased. The increasing intensity of the carbonyl group absorption is caused the presence of damage in the film surface after heating, and this result is supported by analysis the surface properties of the film with using SEM. Biodegradation tests were performed on oxo-biodegradable polyethylene film which has been given heating or UV l...

Synthesis of manganese stearate for high density polyethylene (HDPE) and its biodegradation

An oxidant additive is one type of additive used for oxo-biodegradable polymers. This additive was prepared by reaction multivalent transition metals and fatty acids to accelerate the degradation process of polymers by providing a thermal treatment or irradiation with light. This study focused on the synthesis of manganese stearate as an additive for application in High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and the influence of manganese stearate on the characteristics of HDPE including their biodegradability. Manganese stearate was synthesized by the reaction of stearic acid with sodium hydroxide, and sodium stearate formed was reacted with manganese chloride tetrahydrate to form manganese stearate with a melting point of 100-110 °C. Based on the FTIR spectrum showed absorption peak at wave number around 1560 cm−1 which is an asymmetric vibration of CO functional group that binds to the manganese. The films of oxo-biodegradable polymer were prepared by blending HDPE and manganese stearate additives at various con...

Preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose from corncob used as reinforcement in separator for lithium ion battery

Cellulose is a natural polymer which is insoluble in water. Nanometer sized cellulose is known as nanocrystalline has a higher surface area than cellulose. Due to this property, it is more easily to be modified for various applications such as for reinforcing agent in lithium ion battery separator. Nanocrystalline cellulose was obtained by acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The cellulose used in this study was obtained by isolation of corncob, followed by hydrolyzed using H2SO4 50% at 45°C for 60 minutes. Nanocrystalline cellulose was then characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction. Based on PSA results, the nanocrystalline cellulose has an average diameter of 17,4 nm with a spherical morphology determined by SEM analysis. The analysis of X-Ray diffraction showed the crystallinity index of nanocrystalline cellulose was higher than isolated cellulose in the amount of 75%. The Impedance Spectrometry (IE) measurement showed that the ionic conductivity of PVA/LiClO4/nanocrystalline cellulose membrane is 1.66 × 10−4 S/cm. So, nanocrystalline cellulose has a potential to be used as a nanocomposite in polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium ion battery separator.

Synthesis and analysis of chitosan-lithium battery cell in various charge/discharge currents

Electricity is a form of energy that can be easily transformed into other energy forms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the chitosan-lithium battery cells. It is found that the energy of chitosan-lithium battery cells will give decreases with the decreasing of given discharge current at a very small percentage value. The greatest energy efficiency given by battery cell with charge current at 1C and discharge current at 0.2C is 12.55%. The conductivity of chitosan-lithium membrane found to be 1.25 × 10-4 S.cm-1 after charge/discharge test. At charge currents 1C, high discharge (2C and 1C) current gave higher resistances compared to lower currents (0.5C and 0.3C). ReSr value tends to decrease with decreasing discharge currents is given. However, charge current 0.7C and discharge current 0.2C did not show any significant difference between the low discharge currents and the high discharge currents.

Preparation of Polymers Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium Battery from Styrofoam Waste

Recently, the battery industry has represented one important and growing sector where the use of non-toxic and non-hazardous substitute materials has not rapidly developed. The environmentally friendly polymer electrolyte is required to decrease the risk of environmental pollution caused by toxic materials of battery components. Therefore, in this study was focused on the preparation of the environmentally friendly polymer electrolyte membrane with low cost for lithium-ion battery applications. The preparation of polymer electrolyte membrane was done by casting of polymer solution. The main materials used to prepare polymer electrolyte membranes are sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) obtained from isolation of Styrofoam, hydrolyzed bacterial poly(R-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as an ionic salt. The isolated polystyrene was reacted with acetyl sulfate to form sulfonated polystyrene (SPS). These three main materials were dissolved in an appropriate solvent and mixture until homogenous. The polymer solution was poured into a petri dish, and then their solvent was evaporated. The results showed that the increase LiClO4 content in the membranes, the conductivity of membrane increases, but their mechanical strength decreases and the surface morphology of membranes becomes less uniform and homogenous.

Synthesis and Characterization of Solid Polymer Electrolyte from N-Succinyl Chitosan and Lithium Perchlorate

Batteries are being developed to solve the global energy crisis. Using portable electronic devices, especially mobile phones and notebook computers, has been increasing, and leading to a strong need of their power-sources. However, secondary batteries using a liquid electrolyte have weaknesses, such as prone to leakage and difficulty of packing. Solid polymer electrolyte is a solution to the existing problems. The objective of this research is to prepare an environmental-friendly and cheap material as the solid polymer electrolyte. In the present study, the effect of succinyl group on to polymer electrolyte membrane which synthesized from chitosan and lithium perchlorate salts was investigated. The N-succinyl chitosan was obtained by reacting chitosan with succinic anhydride. Solid polymer electrolyte membranes were derived from N-succinyl chitosan with different ratios of lithium perchlorate. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was determined by FTIR analysis. Synthesis of N-succinyl chitosan has been successfully carried out, which is indicated by the characteristic peaks at wavenumbers of 1640 cm-1 and 1560 cm-1 correspond to -C=O stretching and -NH bending of succinyl groups on FTIR spectrum of N-succinyl chitosan. Modification of chitosan by the addition of succinyl group increases the membrane ionic conductivity values. A N-succinyl chitosan membrane contained 10% (w/w) lithium perchlorate showed conductivity of 8.01×10-3 S.cm-1. This solid polymer electrolyte membrane was suggested to have one potential used for polymer electrolyte in lithium battery applications.