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Featured researches published by C.E. Schmidt.


Anaesthesist | 2015

Fehler in der Medizin

R.M. Waeschle; M. Bauer; C.E. Schmidt

The guarantee of quality of care and patient safety is of major importance in hospitals even though increased economic pressure and work intensification are ubiquitously present. Nevertheless, adverse events still occur in 3-4 % of hospital stays and of these 25-50 % are estimated to be avoidable. The identification of possible causes of error and the development of measures for the prevention of medical errors are essential for patient safety. The implementation and continuous development of a constructive culture of error tolerance are fundamental.The origins of errors can be differentiated into systemic latent and individual active causes and components of both categories are typically involved when an error occurs. Systemic causes are, for example out of date structural environments, lack of clinical standards and low personnel density. These causes arise far away from the patient, e.g. management decisions and can remain unrecognized for a long time. Individual causes involve, e.g. confirmation bias, error of fixation and prospective memory failure. These causes have a direct impact on patient care and can result in immediate injury to patients. Stress, unclear information, complex systems and a lack of professional experience can promote individual causes. Awareness of possible causes of error is a fundamental precondition to establishing appropriate countermeasures.Error prevention should include actions directly affecting the causes of error and includes checklists and standard operating procedures (SOP) to avoid fixation and prospective memory failure and team resource management to improve communication and the generation of collective mental models. Critical incident reporting systems (CIRS) provide the opportunity to learn from previous incidents without resulting in injury to patients. Information technology (IT) support systems, such as the computerized physician order entry system, assist in the prevention of medication errors by providing information on dosage, pharmacological interactions, side effects and contraindications of medications.The major challenges for quality and risk management, for the heads of departments and the executive board is the implementation and support of the described actions and a sustained guidance of the staff involved in the modification management process. The global trigger tool is suitable for improving transparency and objectifying the frequency of medical errors.


Anaesthesist | 2015

[Errors in medicine. Causes, impact and improvement measures to improve patient safety].

Waeschle Rm; M. Bauer; C.E. Schmidt

The guarantee of quality of care and patient safety is of major importance in hospitals even though increased economic pressure and work intensification are ubiquitously present. Nevertheless, adverse events still occur in 3-4 % of hospital stays and of these 25-50 % are estimated to be avoidable. The identification of possible causes of error and the development of measures for the prevention of medical errors are essential for patient safety. The implementation and continuous development of a constructive culture of error tolerance are fundamental.The origins of errors can be differentiated into systemic latent and individual active causes and components of both categories are typically involved when an error occurs. Systemic causes are, for example out of date structural environments, lack of clinical standards and low personnel density. These causes arise far away from the patient, e.g. management decisions and can remain unrecognized for a long time. Individual causes involve, e.g. confirmation bias, error of fixation and prospective memory failure. These causes have a direct impact on patient care and can result in immediate injury to patients. Stress, unclear information, complex systems and a lack of professional experience can promote individual causes. Awareness of possible causes of error is a fundamental precondition to establishing appropriate countermeasures.Error prevention should include actions directly affecting the causes of error and includes checklists and standard operating procedures (SOP) to avoid fixation and prospective memory failure and team resource management to improve communication and the generation of collective mental models. Critical incident reporting systems (CIRS) provide the opportunity to learn from previous incidents without resulting in injury to patients. Information technology (IT) support systems, such as the computerized physician order entry system, assist in the prevention of medication errors by providing information on dosage, pharmacological interactions, side effects and contraindications of medications.The major challenges for quality and risk management, for the heads of departments and the executive board is the implementation and support of the described actions and a sustained guidance of the staff involved in the modification management process. The global trigger tool is suitable for improving transparency and objectifying the frequency of medical errors.


Anaesthesist | 2015

Implementation of a rational standard of hygiene for preparation of operating rooms

M. Bauer; S. Scheithauer; Onnen Moerer; H. Pütz; B. Sliwa; C.E. Schmidt; Sebastian G. Russo; Waeschle Rm

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Anforderungen an deutsche Krankenhäuser hinsichtlich Sicherung der Versorgungsqualität bei gleichzeitiger Kosteneinsparung bzw. effizienter Ressourcennutzung sind hoch. Diese Anforderungen spielen besonders im Hochrisiko- und Hochkostenbereich Operationssaal (OP) mit den vielfältigen Prozessschritten eine zentrale Rolle. Die Saalzwischenreinigung trägt wesentlich zur Patientensicherheit bei und beansprucht sowohl zeitliche als auch personelle Ressourcen. Aufgrund nicht eindeutig definierter Vorgaben hinsichtlich Verantwortlichkeiten und notwendigem Ressourceneinsatz sowie verlängerter Prozesszeiten und erhöhter Personalbindung wurde der Hygienestandard zur Aufbereitung von OP-Sälen in mehreren Prozessschritten nach dem Plan-Do-Check-Act-Prinzip optimiert.MethodenIm Prozessschritt „Plan“ wurde 2012 der Ist-Zustand erfasst. Das nachfolgende „Do“ umfasste ein Expertensymposium mit externen Referenten, interdisziplinäre Konsensgespräche mit Aktualisierung des Hygienestandards und den Umsetzungsprozess. Dabei wurden die beteiligten Mitarbeiter aktiv in den Veränderungsprozess eingebunden. Zur Kontrolle „Check“ wurde der Durchdringungsgrad der Schulungs- und Informationsmaßnahmen sowie die Akzeptanz und Einhaltung des neuen Hygienestandards überprüft. Zur Qualitätskontrolle wurden die Raten positiver Abstriche, auffälliger Luftkeimzahlmessungen sowie postoperativer Wundinfektionen überprüft. Dabei fanden sich keine Hinweise auf eine verringerte Wirksamkeit des neuen Hygienestandards. Nach erfolgreicher Implementierung dieser Maßnahmen erfolgte 2014 ein weiterer Verbesserungszyklus („Act“), der durch eine Reduktion der Anzahl vorgegebener Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprogramme für die Saalaufbereitung zu einer Vereinfachung des Hygienestandards führte.ErgebnisseDie beschriebenen Reorganisationsmaßnahmen führten zu einer umfassenden Verbindlichkeit des Hygienestandards durch eindeutige Vorgaben bezüglich der Verantwortlichkeiten, der Vorgehensweise und des Ressourceneinsatzes. Weiterhin konnten eine Vereinfachung der Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprogramme sowie ein rationaler Personaleinsatz und verkürzte Prozesszeiten bei der Saalaufbereitung erreicht werden. Außerdem wurde das bestehende Konfliktpotenzial aufgrund mangelnden evidenzbasierten Wissens bei den Mitarbeitern reduziert.SchlussfolgerungDie vorliegende Projektbeschreibung kann anderen Krankenhäusern als Leitfaden für vergleichbare Veränderungsprozesse dienen.AbstractBackgroundThe assurance of high standards of care is a major requirement in German hospitals while cost reduction and efficient use of resources are mandatory. These requirements are particularly evident in the high-risk and cost-intensive operating theatre field with multiple process steps. The cleaning of operating rooms (OR) between surgical procedures is of major relevance for patient safety and requires time and human resources. The hygiene procedure plan for OR cleaning between operations at the university hospital in Göttingen was revised and optimized according to the plan-do-check-act principle due to not clearly defined specifications of responsibilities, use of resources, prolonged process times and increased staff engagement.MethodsThe current status was evaluated in 2012 as part of the first step “plan”. The subsequent step “do” included an expert symposium with external consultants, interdisciplinary consensus conferences with an actualization of the former hygiene procedure plan and the implementation process. All staff members involved were integrated into this management change process. The penetration rate of the training and information measures as well as the acceptance and compliance with the new hygiene procedure plan were reviewed within step “check”. The rates of positive swabs and air sampling as well as of postoperative wound infections were analyzed for quality control and no evidence for a reduced effectiveness of the new hygiene plan was found. After the successful implementation of these measures the next improvement cycle (“act”) was performed in 2014 which led to a simplification of the hygiene plan by reduction of the number of defined cleaning and disinfection programs for preparation of the OR.ResultsThe reorganization measures described led to a comprehensive commitment of the hygiene procedure plan by distinct specifications for responsibilities, for the course of action and for the use of resources. Furthermore, a simplification of the plan, a rational staff assignment and reduced process times were accomplished. Finally, potential conflicts due to an insufficient evidence-based knowledge of personnel was reduced.ConclusionThis present project description can be used by other hospitals as a guideline for similar changes in management processes.


Anaesthesist | 2015

Implementierung eines rationalen Hygienestandards zur Aufbereitung von Operationssälen@@@Implementation of a rational standard of hygiene for preparation of operating rooms

M. Bauer; S. Scheithauer; Onnen Moerer; H. Pütz; B. Sliwa; C.E. Schmidt; Sebastian G. Russo; Waeschle Rm

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Anforderungen an deutsche Krankenhäuser hinsichtlich Sicherung der Versorgungsqualität bei gleichzeitiger Kosteneinsparung bzw. effizienter Ressourcennutzung sind hoch. Diese Anforderungen spielen besonders im Hochrisiko- und Hochkostenbereich Operationssaal (OP) mit den vielfältigen Prozessschritten eine zentrale Rolle. Die Saalzwischenreinigung trägt wesentlich zur Patientensicherheit bei und beansprucht sowohl zeitliche als auch personelle Ressourcen. Aufgrund nicht eindeutig definierter Vorgaben hinsichtlich Verantwortlichkeiten und notwendigem Ressourceneinsatz sowie verlängerter Prozesszeiten und erhöhter Personalbindung wurde der Hygienestandard zur Aufbereitung von OP-Sälen in mehreren Prozessschritten nach dem Plan-Do-Check-Act-Prinzip optimiert.MethodenIm Prozessschritt „Plan“ wurde 2012 der Ist-Zustand erfasst. Das nachfolgende „Do“ umfasste ein Expertensymposium mit externen Referenten, interdisziplinäre Konsensgespräche mit Aktualisierung des Hygienestandards und den Umsetzungsprozess. Dabei wurden die beteiligten Mitarbeiter aktiv in den Veränderungsprozess eingebunden. Zur Kontrolle „Check“ wurde der Durchdringungsgrad der Schulungs- und Informationsmaßnahmen sowie die Akzeptanz und Einhaltung des neuen Hygienestandards überprüft. Zur Qualitätskontrolle wurden die Raten positiver Abstriche, auffälliger Luftkeimzahlmessungen sowie postoperativer Wundinfektionen überprüft. Dabei fanden sich keine Hinweise auf eine verringerte Wirksamkeit des neuen Hygienestandards. Nach erfolgreicher Implementierung dieser Maßnahmen erfolgte 2014 ein weiterer Verbesserungszyklus („Act“), der durch eine Reduktion der Anzahl vorgegebener Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprogramme für die Saalaufbereitung zu einer Vereinfachung des Hygienestandards führte.ErgebnisseDie beschriebenen Reorganisationsmaßnahmen führten zu einer umfassenden Verbindlichkeit des Hygienestandards durch eindeutige Vorgaben bezüglich der Verantwortlichkeiten, der Vorgehensweise und des Ressourceneinsatzes. Weiterhin konnten eine Vereinfachung der Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprogramme sowie ein rationaler Personaleinsatz und verkürzte Prozesszeiten bei der Saalaufbereitung erreicht werden. Außerdem wurde das bestehende Konfliktpotenzial aufgrund mangelnden evidenzbasierten Wissens bei den Mitarbeitern reduziert.SchlussfolgerungDie vorliegende Projektbeschreibung kann anderen Krankenhäusern als Leitfaden für vergleichbare Veränderungsprozesse dienen.AbstractBackgroundThe assurance of high standards of care is a major requirement in German hospitals while cost reduction and efficient use of resources are mandatory. These requirements are particularly evident in the high-risk and cost-intensive operating theatre field with multiple process steps. The cleaning of operating rooms (OR) between surgical procedures is of major relevance for patient safety and requires time and human resources. The hygiene procedure plan for OR cleaning between operations at the university hospital in Göttingen was revised and optimized according to the plan-do-check-act principle due to not clearly defined specifications of responsibilities, use of resources, prolonged process times and increased staff engagement.MethodsThe current status was evaluated in 2012 as part of the first step “plan”. The subsequent step “do” included an expert symposium with external consultants, interdisciplinary consensus conferences with an actualization of the former hygiene procedure plan and the implementation process. All staff members involved were integrated into this management change process. The penetration rate of the training and information measures as well as the acceptance and compliance with the new hygiene procedure plan were reviewed within step “check”. The rates of positive swabs and air sampling as well as of postoperative wound infections were analyzed for quality control and no evidence for a reduced effectiveness of the new hygiene plan was found. After the successful implementation of these measures the next improvement cycle (“act”) was performed in 2014 which led to a simplification of the hygiene plan by reduction of the number of defined cleaning and disinfection programs for preparation of the OR.ResultsThe reorganization measures described led to a comprehensive commitment of the hygiene procedure plan by distinct specifications for responsibilities, for the course of action and for the use of resources. Furthermore, a simplification of the plan, a rational staff assignment and reduced process times were accomplished. Finally, potential conflicts due to an insufficient evidence-based knowledge of personnel was reduced.ConclusionThis present project description can be used by other hospitals as a guideline for similar changes in management processes.


Anaesthesist | 2015

Implementierung eines rationalen Hygienestandards zur Aufbereitung von Operationssälen

M. Bauer; S. Scheithauer; O. Moerer; H. Pütz; B. Sliwa; C.E. Schmidt; Sebastian G. Russo; R.M. Waeschle

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Anforderungen an deutsche Krankenhäuser hinsichtlich Sicherung der Versorgungsqualität bei gleichzeitiger Kosteneinsparung bzw. effizienter Ressourcennutzung sind hoch. Diese Anforderungen spielen besonders im Hochrisiko- und Hochkostenbereich Operationssaal (OP) mit den vielfältigen Prozessschritten eine zentrale Rolle. Die Saalzwischenreinigung trägt wesentlich zur Patientensicherheit bei und beansprucht sowohl zeitliche als auch personelle Ressourcen. Aufgrund nicht eindeutig definierter Vorgaben hinsichtlich Verantwortlichkeiten und notwendigem Ressourceneinsatz sowie verlängerter Prozesszeiten und erhöhter Personalbindung wurde der Hygienestandard zur Aufbereitung von OP-Sälen in mehreren Prozessschritten nach dem Plan-Do-Check-Act-Prinzip optimiert.MethodenIm Prozessschritt „Plan“ wurde 2012 der Ist-Zustand erfasst. Das nachfolgende „Do“ umfasste ein Expertensymposium mit externen Referenten, interdisziplinäre Konsensgespräche mit Aktualisierung des Hygienestandards und den Umsetzungsprozess. Dabei wurden die beteiligten Mitarbeiter aktiv in den Veränderungsprozess eingebunden. Zur Kontrolle „Check“ wurde der Durchdringungsgrad der Schulungs- und Informationsmaßnahmen sowie die Akzeptanz und Einhaltung des neuen Hygienestandards überprüft. Zur Qualitätskontrolle wurden die Raten positiver Abstriche, auffälliger Luftkeimzahlmessungen sowie postoperativer Wundinfektionen überprüft. Dabei fanden sich keine Hinweise auf eine verringerte Wirksamkeit des neuen Hygienestandards. Nach erfolgreicher Implementierung dieser Maßnahmen erfolgte 2014 ein weiterer Verbesserungszyklus („Act“), der durch eine Reduktion der Anzahl vorgegebener Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprogramme für die Saalaufbereitung zu einer Vereinfachung des Hygienestandards führte.ErgebnisseDie beschriebenen Reorganisationsmaßnahmen führten zu einer umfassenden Verbindlichkeit des Hygienestandards durch eindeutige Vorgaben bezüglich der Verantwortlichkeiten, der Vorgehensweise und des Ressourceneinsatzes. Weiterhin konnten eine Vereinfachung der Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprogramme sowie ein rationaler Personaleinsatz und verkürzte Prozesszeiten bei der Saalaufbereitung erreicht werden. Außerdem wurde das bestehende Konfliktpotenzial aufgrund mangelnden evidenzbasierten Wissens bei den Mitarbeitern reduziert.SchlussfolgerungDie vorliegende Projektbeschreibung kann anderen Krankenhäusern als Leitfaden für vergleichbare Veränderungsprozesse dienen.AbstractBackgroundThe assurance of high standards of care is a major requirement in German hospitals while cost reduction and efficient use of resources are mandatory. These requirements are particularly evident in the high-risk and cost-intensive operating theatre field with multiple process steps. The cleaning of operating rooms (OR) between surgical procedures is of major relevance for patient safety and requires time and human resources. The hygiene procedure plan for OR cleaning between operations at the university hospital in Göttingen was revised and optimized according to the plan-do-check-act principle due to not clearly defined specifications of responsibilities, use of resources, prolonged process times and increased staff engagement.MethodsThe current status was evaluated in 2012 as part of the first step “plan”. The subsequent step “do” included an expert symposium with external consultants, interdisciplinary consensus conferences with an actualization of the former hygiene procedure plan and the implementation process. All staff members involved were integrated into this management change process. The penetration rate of the training and information measures as well as the acceptance and compliance with the new hygiene procedure plan were reviewed within step “check”. The rates of positive swabs and air sampling as well as of postoperative wound infections were analyzed for quality control and no evidence for a reduced effectiveness of the new hygiene plan was found. After the successful implementation of these measures the next improvement cycle (“act”) was performed in 2014 which led to a simplification of the hygiene plan by reduction of the number of defined cleaning and disinfection programs for preparation of the OR.ResultsThe reorganization measures described led to a comprehensive commitment of the hygiene procedure plan by distinct specifications for responsibilities, for the course of action and for the use of resources. Furthermore, a simplification of the plan, a rational staff assignment and reduced process times were accomplished. Finally, potential conflicts due to an insufficient evidence-based knowledge of personnel was reduced.ConclusionThis present project description can be used by other hospitals as a guideline for similar changes in management processes.


Anaesthesist | 2015

Fehler in der Medizin@@@Errors in medicine: Ursachen, Auswirkungen und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Patientensicherheit@@@Causes, impact and improvement measures to improve patient safety

Waeschle Rm; M. Bauer; C.E. Schmidt

The guarantee of quality of care and patient safety is of major importance in hospitals even though increased economic pressure and work intensification are ubiquitously present. Nevertheless, adverse events still occur in 3-4 % of hospital stays and of these 25-50 % are estimated to be avoidable. The identification of possible causes of error and the development of measures for the prevention of medical errors are essential for patient safety. The implementation and continuous development of a constructive culture of error tolerance are fundamental.The origins of errors can be differentiated into systemic latent and individual active causes and components of both categories are typically involved when an error occurs. Systemic causes are, for example out of date structural environments, lack of clinical standards and low personnel density. These causes arise far away from the patient, e.g. management decisions and can remain unrecognized for a long time. Individual causes involve, e.g. confirmation bias, error of fixation and prospective memory failure. These causes have a direct impact on patient care and can result in immediate injury to patients. Stress, unclear information, complex systems and a lack of professional experience can promote individual causes. Awareness of possible causes of error is a fundamental precondition to establishing appropriate countermeasures.Error prevention should include actions directly affecting the causes of error and includes checklists and standard operating procedures (SOP) to avoid fixation and prospective memory failure and team resource management to improve communication and the generation of collective mental models. Critical incident reporting systems (CIRS) provide the opportunity to learn from previous incidents without resulting in injury to patients. Information technology (IT) support systems, such as the computerized physician order entry system, assist in the prevention of medication errors by providing information on dosage, pharmacological interactions, side effects and contraindications of medications.The major challenges for quality and risk management, for the heads of departments and the executive board is the implementation and support of the described actions and a sustained guidance of the staff involved in the modification management process. The global trigger tool is suitable for improving transparency and objectifying the frequency of medical errors.


Anaesthesist | 2014

Qualitätssicherung an der Schnittstelle zwischen Anästhesie und Transfusionsmedizin

R.M. Waeschle; P. Michels; M. Jipp; S. Riech; T. Schulze; C.E. Schmidt; M. Bauer


Anaesthesist | 2016

Mythos OP-Minute

R.M. Waeschle; José Hinz; F. Bleeker; B. Sliwa; A. Popov; C.E. Schmidt; M. Bauer


Anaesthesist | 2016

[OR minute myth : Guidelines for calculation of DRG revenues per OR minute].

Waeschle Rm; José Hinz; F. Bleeker; B. Sliwa; A. Popov; C.E. Schmidt; M. Bauer


Anaesthesist | 2016

Mythos OP-Minute@@@OR minute myth: Leitfaden zur Kalkulation von DRG-Erlösen pro Op-Minute@@@Guidelines for calculation of DRG revenues per OR minute

Waeschle Rm; José Hinz; F. Bleeker; B. Sliwa; A. Popov; C.E. Schmidt; M. Bauer

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M. Bauer

University of Göttingen

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B. Sliwa

University of Göttingen

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R.M. Waeschle

University of Göttingen

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Waeschle Rm

University of Göttingen

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F. Bleeker

University of Göttingen

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H. Pütz

University of Göttingen

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José Hinz

University of Göttingen

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M. Jipp

University of Göttingen

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P. Michels

University of Göttingen

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S. Riech

University of Göttingen

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