C. M. Bignell

Volatile leaf oils of some south-western and southern Australian species of the genus Eucalyptus (Series 1). Part XIX

The volatile leaf oils of Eucalyptus miniata Cunn. ex Schauer, E. canaliculata Maiden, E. pumila Cambage, E. vergrandis L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. suggrandis L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. tenera L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. incerata Brooker & Hopper ined., E. recta L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. balladoniensis Brooker subsp. sedens L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. ‘species P subsp. P’ L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. ‘species T’ L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. ovata Labill. var. ovata, E. yarraensis Maiden & Cambage, E. nova-anglica H. Deane & Maiden, E. smithii R.T. Baker, E. dawsonii R.T. Baker, E. agglomerata Maiden, E. radiata Sieber ex DC. subsp. radiata, E. radiata Sieber ex DC. subsp. robertsonii (Blakely) L. A. S. Johnson & D. F. Blaxell, E. dives Schauer, E. pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng. subsp. pauciflora and E. pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng. subsp. niphophila (Maiden & Blakely) L. A. S. Johnson & D. F. Blaxell, isolated by vacuum distillation, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Many species contained α-pinene (0–84.3%), limonene (0–6.3%), α-phellandrene (0–16.9%), 1,8-cineole (0–77.5%), p-cymene (0–27.2%), β-caryophyllene (0–10.8%), terpinen-4-ol (0–28.2%), piperitone (0–54.5%), aromadendrene (0–21.9%), bicyclogermacrene (0–65.6%) and torquatone (tr.–3.6%) as principal leaf oil components.

Volatile leaf oils of some south-western and southern Australian species of the genus Eucalyptus. Part VII. Subgenus Symphyomyrtus, section Exsertaria

The volatile leaf oils of Eucalyptus seeana Maiden, E. bancroftii (Maiden) Maiden, E. parramattensis C. Hall, E. amplifilia Naudin, E. tereticornis J. Smith, E. blakelyi Maiden, E. dealbata A. Cunn. ex. Schauer, E. dwyeri Maiden & Blakely, E. vicina L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. flindersii Boomsma, E. camaldulensis Dehnh. var camaldulensis, E. camaldulensis Dehnh. var. obtusa Blakely, E. rudis Endl., E. exserta F. Muell. and E. gillenii Ewart & L. R. Kerr, isolated by vacuum distillation, were analysed by GC-MS. Most species contained α-pinene (1.5–14%), 1,8-cineole (0–81%), p-cymene (0.6–28%) and aromadendrene/terpinen-4-ol (0.6–24%) as principal leaf oil components.

Second virial coefficients for seven fluoroethanes and interaction second virial coefficients for their binary mixtures with helium and argon

Using an accurate method which has been described in detail previously, data are reported for the second virial coefficients of seven fluoroethanes and for interaction second virial coefficients for their binary mixtures with helium and argon. All of the fluoroethanes have large dipole moments and, as expected, have virial coefficients which are much smaller than those of ethane and hexafluoroethane.

Chemometric analysis of gas chromatographic data of oils from Eucalyptus species

Abstract Gas chromatograms (GCs) of oil extracted from Eucalyptus species have been compared using principal components analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and the Tanimoto distance in which the number of similar peaks between two species are determined. Two systems were studied, a number of examples of E. camaldulensis Dehnh. (River Red Gum) and clones of that species, and samples from two trees E. woodwardii Maiden and E. torquata Luehm. and a number of their hybrids (E. torwoodii). The PCA revealed natural groupings of E. camaldulensis clones and showed, via loading plots, that eight intensities of the 180 times studied were sufficient to explain most of the variance and characterise each tree. The chemical species were identified by GC-mass spectrometry as a-pinene, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol/aromadendrene, cryptone, borneol, spathulenol, and torquatone. Each hybrid (E. torwood) of the trees E. woodwardii and E. torquata has a distribution of oils that lies between those of the parents. LDA was able to define two distinct groups and performed better than the Tanimoto distance in classifying the trees.

Diffusion and thermal diffusion in binary mixtures of hydrogen with noble gases

Diffusion coefficients and thermal diffusion factors are reported for binary mixtures of hydrogen with neon, argon, krypton, and xenon: the temperature range for the former measurements is 200–340 and 255–350 K for the latter. The results are used to test excellent potential functions which have recently been reported for hydrogen–noble gas interactions.

USE OF GAS CHROMATOGRAMS OF ESSENTIAL LEAF OILS TO COMPARE EIGHT TAXA OF GENUS ANGOPHORA (MYRTACEAE) : POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS TO THE GENUS EUCALYPTUS

Essential oils were extracted from leaves of eight taxa of the genus Angophora, and then analysed. As expected the individual components of these oils were essentially the same as those found in the Eucalyptus species of our earlier studies (Bignell et al., 1997b. Flavour Fragrance J. 12, 423-432). In addition, as is also the case with the bloodwood eucalypts, only relatively low yields of oil were obtained. In all cases the Cineole component was extremely small, but the oils of six of the eight contained very large concentrations of the sesquiterpene Bicyclogermacrene. A table of the 52 major oil components is included. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the gas chromatograms (GC) of the essential oils and the resulting scores plots compared with the cladistic classification of Thiele and Ladiges (1988). Cladistics 4, 23–42). Because of the close relationship between genus Angophora and Eucalyptus `subgenus’ Corymbia, the GC data for the eight Angophora taxa were combined with corresponding data for eleven randomly chosen taxa from `subgenus’ Corymbia (Bignell et al., 1996b, Flavour Fragrance J. 11, 339–347; 1997a, Flavour Fragnance J. 12, 277–284) and a PCA performed on the total system.

Diffusion and thermal diffusion in binary mixtures of methane with noble gases and of argon with krypton

Diffusion coefficients and thermal diffusion factors are reported as functions of temperature for methane-noble gas systems and for the system Ar-Kr. The data and cross-term second virial coefficients selscted from the literature are used to generate approximate HFD-C spherical potential functions to describe the unlike interactions.

Volatile leaf oils of some Queensland and northern Australian species of the genus Eucalyptus (Series II) Part II. Subgenera (a) blakella, (b) corymbia, (c) unnamed, (d) idiogenes, (e) monocalyptus and (f) symphyomyrtus

The volatile leaf oils of Eucalyptus tessellaris F. Muell., E. gummifera (Sol. ex. Gaertner) Hochr., E. bleeseri Blakely, E. umbonata D. Carr & S. Carr, E. lenziana D. Carr & S. Carr, E. hamersleyana D. Carr & S. Carr, E. latifolia F. Muell., E. watsoniana F. Muell. subsp. watsoniana, E. trachyphloia F. Muell., E. maculata Hook., E. citriodora Hook., E. microcorys F. Muell., E. cloeziana F. Muell., E. laevopinea R. T. Baker, E. youmanii Blakely & McKie, E. eugenioides Sieber ex. Sprengel, E. caliginosa Blakely & McKie, E. robusta Smith, E. pellita F. Muell., E. resinifera Smith, E. tintinnans (Blakely & Jacobs) L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. dunnii Maiden, E. bridgesiana R. T. Baker and E. albens Benth., isolated by vacuum distillation, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Many species contained α-pinene (0.1–64.4%), 1,8-cineole (0.1–70.6%), aromadendrene (0–16.0%), bicyclogermacrene (0–53.8%), globulol (0–8.0%), spathulenol (0–14.0%), β-eudesmol (0–12.7%) and torquatone (0.1–37.4%) as principal leaf oil components.

Second virial coefficients for some polyatomic gases and their binary mixtures with noble gases

Using a Texas Instruments (TI) quartz spiral gauge, second virial coefficients have been measured for CH4, C2H4, CO2, COS, C2H6, C2F6, C4F8 (octafluorocyclobutane) and 1,1-C2H4F2 (freon-152a), and for binary mixtures of some of these molecules with all the noble gases and for CH4 with C4F8. Several important improvements to the TI gauge are reported which improve the accuracy and reproducibility of the pressure measurements.

Use of gas chromatograms of essential leaf oils to compare clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis.

Using a gentle vacuum technique essential oils were distilled from the leaves of six clones (29 different trees) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis which had previously been propagated by CSIRO, from four seed lots collected from an area of southern Australia bounded approximately by latitude 26 degrees S and longitude 142 degrees E. Inspection of the analyses of the oils together with principal components analysis (PCA) of the gas chromatograms shows that corresponding profiles (for those clones studied in groups of two, three, four and 20), as indicated by the scores of the principal components, are almost independent of environmental and seasonal conditions.