C. Pamukcu

A Review of the Energy Situation in Turkey

In this review paper general information about the energy situation of Turkey is outlined. The ongoing energy policy of the recent governments of Turkey is given and the regulations that are in place regarding energy are mentioned. Then, a summary about various energy sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, geothermal energy and wind energy etc. is given. Regarding oil, Turkeys petroleum production and consumption, reserves and refineries are described. Then, similar emphasis is made for coal and thermal-electric power plants. The total electricity transmission grid installed across the country is argued in terms of years and finally environmental concerns and privatization attempts about the energy situation are explained.

Energy Balance Analysis and Energy Saving Opportunities for Erdemir Slab Furnace #3

Abstract Eregli Iron and Steel Works Co. (Erdemir) is the largest integrated steel plant in Turkey. In this study, the potential for improving the specific energy use of slab furnace #3 of this plant was analyzed. An energy input and output model was established in order to determine the lost energy in the process. According to the study, energy efficiency of slab furnace #3 was calculated as 64.26%. Even though it seems to be a reasonable efficiency value for a slab furnace, it was noticed that further energy conservation can still be achieved by increasing the temperature of hot charging to the slab furnace and recovering the flue gas sensible heat remaining after the recuperator.

The Investigation of Hot Spots in Western Anatolia by Geophysical and Mining Approaches

Abstract In the first part of this article, a short definition of geothermal energy is made and geothermal fields are classified according to their enthalpies. In the second part, general uses of geothermal energy and also the geothermal potential of Turkey and especially of western Anatolia are mentioned. Then, the general geology of the study area moving from three example geothermal fields is depicted and supported by lithological columns. The tectonic structure of our study area, western Anatolia, is profoundly explained and the presence of geothermal fields in this area is backed up by geophysical findings in detail in the final section.

Geothermal Energy-Economy, Potential and Utilization Possibilities in Turkey

In this study, first of all, a general description of geothermal energy has been made and types of geothermal fields have been described. Later on, types of heat transfer within the Earths crust and also various plate tectonics theories responsible for the geothermal manifestations throughout the world, have been explained. Within this context, Turkeys real geothermal energy capacity, and on the other hand, insufficient present use of this natural source, have been given. Having mentioned the general utilization possibilities of geothermal energy, its use particularly in the fields of electricity generation, greenhouse heating and central district heating in Turkey has been investigated and the problems encountered in these applications have been put forward. Consequently, a practical and economical comparison has been made among different sorts of heating sources and it has been concluded that geothermal energy acts as a clean, cheap and renewable natural source only if it is extracted and utilized prudently and necessary environmental measures are taken beforehand.

Specific Energy Consumption Analysis of Turkish Integrated Steel Plants and Sustainable Energy Management in Erdemir

Abstract Specific energy consumption analysis of the integrated steel plants in Turkey was performed in this study by using the data of 2003–2005. Specific energy consumptions of three integrated steel plants were determined as follows: 30.3 GJ/TCS for Karabuk Iron & Steel Works Co.; 29.8 GJ/TCS for Iskenderun Iron & Steel Works Co.; and 21.5 GJ/TCS for Eregli Iron & Steel Works Co. The results of the specific energy consumption analysis indicated that Eregli Iron & Steel Works Co. (Erdemir) has the lowest specific energy consumption for steelmaking process in Turkey. The energy structure and management processes providing sustainability in Erdemir integrated steel plant was presented in detail.