Çağlar Soylu

Is there Relationship between Pectoralis Minor Muscle Length and Shoulder Rotator Muscles Strength

Problem Statement: In joint movement, agonist and antagonist muscle strength, as well as the length and the shortness of these muscles is an important parameter. Muscle shortness is one of the factor that responsible of sports injuries. Shoulder is one of the most injured joint in Judo. In this joint, determination of the relationship between muscle shortness and agonist-antagonist muscles strength will be effective to increase muscle strength, sportive performance and prevent sports injuries. Purpose of Study: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between pectoralis minor (PM) muscle length and shoulder internal(IR)/external(ER) rotation isokinetic muscle strength in Judo athletes. Methods: The study included 80 (56 males, 24 female) professional Judo athletes aged between 14-25 (mean 17,31±2,51). Isokinetic muscle strength was assessed by ISOMED 2000® device. Pectoralis minor length was evaluated using a flexible tape measure in resting position. The assessments were made bilaterally. Findings and Results: There was a strong and statistically significant correlation between the PM length and the shoulder IR and ER peak torque values at both angular velocities and both sides (p <0,01). Conclusions and Recommendations: It was determined that the relationship between the length of the PM muscle and the internal and external rotator muscle strength of Judo athletes. Therefore, we think that by increasing shoulder muscle strength to enhance sportive performance, stretching exercises for PM muscle shortening should be added to training programs.

Elit güreşçilerde biyoelektrik impedans analiz yöntemiyle ölçülen kol kas kütlesi ile izokinetik üst ekstremite kas kuvveti arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

Calismamizin amaci gures milli takim sporcularinda vucut kompozisyonu analiz cihazi ile olculen kol kas kutlesi degerleri ile ust ekstremite izokinetik kas kuvveti arasindaki iliskiyi belirlemektir. Calismaya, yaslari; 26,62±3,46 yil olan 53 erkek gures milli takim sporcusu katildi (32 serbest gures ile 21 grekoromen gures). Sporcularin vucut kompozisyonu olcumleri Biyoelektrik Impedans Analiz Cihazi ile yapildi ve bu olcum sonucunda vucut kas dagilimindan elde edilen kol kas kutleleri kaydedildi. Izokinetik kas kuvveti izokinetik dinamometre ile degerlendirildi. Sporcularin izokinetik kas kuvveti ve kol kas kutlesi degerleri arasindaki iliskiye Pearson korelasyon analizi ile degerlendirildi. Her iki spor bransinda 60o/sn. ve 240o/sn. acisal hizlarda her iki tarafta omuz ic rotasyon (IR) ve dis rotasyon (ER) zirve tork degerleri ile kas kutlesi degerleri arasinda anlamli pozitif bir iliski bulundu (p<0.05). Ayni zamanda gruplar ayri ayri incelendiginde benzer sekilde kol kas kutlesi ile omuz IR/ER zirve tork degerleri arasinda anlamli pozitif bir iliski oldugu belirlendi (p<0.05). Calismamiz kol kas kutlesi ile ust ekstremite kas kuvveti arasinda anlamli iliski oldugunu gostermistir. Calismamizin sonucu bize, izokinetik cihazlarla degerlendirme yapilmasi mumkun olmayan durumlarda multifrekans olcum yapan bioelektriksel impedans analizinin kisilerin kas kuvvet dagilimlari hakkinda bilgi verebilecegini dusundurmektedir.

Determination of the relationship between the wrist isokinetic muscle strenght and the grip strength in tennis players aged between 12-14

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between isokinetic wrist muscle strenght and grip strength in tennis players aged between 12-14. Methods: This study was carried out with the participation of 9 (3 female and 6 male) tennis players aged between 12-14 (means 13,22±0,83). Weight, height, body mass index and dominant extremity of the players were recorded. İsokinetic measurement was performed with Isomed 2000® device. İsokinetic testing protocol; before the test all players performed the wrist flexion and extension isokinetic test with the 5 repeating at 90 º/sec as a warm-up and for comprehenting the test. Then, wrist flexion and extension concentric-concentric strength measurements were performed with the 5 repeating at 60 º/sec and with the 15 repeating at 240 º/sec with the angle between 50 degrees of wrist flexion and 60 degrees of wrist extension and peak torque values were recorded. Standard Jamar® Dynamometer was used for grip strength measurements. Grip strenght was performed firstly in sitting position, which is the position of standard measurement. Secondly, in standing position, the elbow was in full ekstansion and the forearm was in neutral position. Thirdly, in standing position the wrist was positioned approximately 30° extension and 10° ulnar deviation. This test was repeated 3 times in all test position and the mean of three scores were recorded. Firstly, the dominant hand, then the non-dominant hand was evoluated. They were allowed to rest for 30 seconds between each grip measurement. Correlation between peak tork of isokinetic muscle strenght and grip strength was done having been used Spearman correlation test. Findings: It was determined that there was a significant positive relation between wrist flexion-extension isokinetic muscle strength and grip strenght in tennis players aged between 12-14. Clinically, grip strength measured in the standard sitting position was found more as compared to the other positions but these values were not statistically significant (p>0,05). Accordingly, grip strength measured in the standard sitting position correlated with much more of the parameters which we evaluated for isokinetic muscle strength comparing to grip strenght measured in the other two positions (p<0,05). Results: It was concluded that isokinetic muscle strength of wrist can be affected by grip strength, therefore measurement needs to be done in the sitting position which maximum grip strength may reveal. The relation of isokinetic muscle strength and grip strength in tennis players Standing position Anatomical position Sitting position (Dominant side)(N) (Non-dominant side)(N) (Dominant side)(N) (Non-dominant side)(N) (Dominant side)(N) (Non-dominant side)(N) r p r p r p r p r p r p Dominant wrist flexion 60°/sec (Nm) 0.444 0.232 0.378 0.316 0.402 0.284 0.192 0.620 0.304 0.427 0.523 0.148 Non-dominant wrist flexion 60°/sec (Nm) 0.727 0.027* 0.648 0.059 0.795 0.010* 0.355 0.349 0.793 0.011* 0.535 0.138 Dominant wrist extension 60°/sec (Nm) 0.828 0.006** 0.496 0.175 0.837** 0.005 0.209 0.589 0.802 0.009** 0.422 0.258 Non-dominant wrist extension 60°/sec (Nm) 0.603 0.085 0.504 0.166 0.557 0.119 0.266 0.489 0.294 0.443 0.672 0.047* Dominant wrist flexion 240°/sec (Nm) 0.226 0.559 0.252 0.513 0.151 0.699 0.109 0.781 0.118 0.762 0.287 0.454 Non-dominant wrist flexion 240°/sec (Nm) 0.218 0.572 0.194 0.617 0.109 0.780 0.063 0.872 0.169 0.663 0.233 0.546 Dominant wrist extension 240°/sec (Nm) 0.753 0.019* 0.630 0.069 0.854** 0.003 0.318 0.404 0.743 0.022* 0.549 0.126 Non-dominant wrist extension 240°/sec (Nm) 0.422 0.258 0.712 0.031* 0.616 0.077 0.570 0.109 0.319 0.403 0.877 0.002** *p<0.05; **p<0.001; p= significant level; r= Spearman coefficient value

A comparison of wrist isokinetic muscle strength in wheelchair table tennis and wheelchair basketball players

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare isokinetic muscle strength of wrist flexor and extensor muscles in paralympic athletes. Methods: This study was carried out with the participation of 9 (4 females and 5 males) wheelchair (WC) table tennis players aged 24+3 and 8 male WC basketball players aged 26+3, met the criteria and voluntarly participate in the study. Body weight, height, body mass index and dominant extremity of the study subjects were recorded. İsokinetic measurement were performed with Isomed 2000® device. İsokinetic testing protocol; before the test all players performed the wrist flexion and extension isokinetic test with the 5 repeating at 90º/sec as a warm-up and comprehending the test. Then, wrist flexion and extension concentric-concentric strength measurements were performed with the 5 repeating at 60º/sec and with the 15 repeating at 240º/sec with the angle between 50 degrees of wrist flexion and 60 degrees of wrist extension and peak torque, peak torque/kg values and flexion/extension ratios were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare isokinetic muscle strength quantitative variables in athletes. Findings: Isokinetic muscle strength of wrist flexors and extensors was higher in both sides in WC table tennis players with 60º/sec speed (p<0,05). İsokinetic muscle strength of wrist flexors and extensors was higher in both sides in WC basketball players with 240º/sec speed (p<0,05). There was no significant difference statistically between the groups in isokinetic wrist flexion and extansion peak torque/kg ratio in all speeds (p>0,05). Wrist flexion/extension peak torque ratios were similar in both groups. When examining the athletes flexion/extension ratios, wrist extensor muscles were weaker than flexor muscles and flexor muscles were average twice stronger than extensor muscles in both sports (Table1). Table 1. Comparison of wrist flexion and extension isokinetic muscle strength, peak torque/kg and agonist/antagonist ratio of wc basketball and wc table tennis players Wheelchair table tennis(N=9)X±SD Wheelchair basketball(N=9)X±SD p* Flexion 60°/sec Dominant side PT(Nm) 23.41±11.13 8.87±1.65 0.001 PT/Kg (Nm/Kg) 0.39±0.13 0.42±0.10 0.499 Non-dominant side PT(Nm) 20.26±9.26 8.26±3.11 0.001 PT/Kg (Nm/Kg) 0.34±0.12 0.46±0.11 0.048 Flexion 240°/sec Dominant side PT(Nm) 18.36±8.51 23.87±3.67 0.034 PT/Kg (Nm/Kg) 0.31±0.10 0.33±0.03 0.772 Non-dominant side PT(Nm) 16.20±6.90 25.45±8.16 0.021 PT/Kg (Nm/Kg) 0.27±0.08 0.35±0.10 0.162 Extension 60°/sec Dominant side PT(Nm) 10,463.86 12.03±3.42 0.289 PT/Kg (Nm/Kg) 0.18±0.05 0.16±0.04 0.440 Non-dominant side PT(Nm) 8.11±3.24 13.47±3.46 0.007 PT/Kg (Nm/Kg) 0.14±0.04 0.18±0.04 0.091 Extension 240°/sec Dominant side PT(Nm) 7.11±2.56 30.78±8.89 0.001 PT/Kg (Nm/Kg) 0.12±0.04 0.12±0.02 0.961 Non-dominant side PT(Nm) 6.06±2.78 32.82±9.08 0.001 Pt/Kg (Nm/Kg) 0.10±0.03 0.11±0.03 0.560 Flexion/extension 60°/sec Dominant side Ratio 52.16±15.66 60.10±8.71 0.386 Non-dominant side Ratio 58.06±9.41 58.10±6.86 0.923 Flexion/extension 240°/sec Dominant side Ratio 58.43±14.44 62.38±6.49 0.773 Non-dominant side Ratio 61.45±8.32 67.42±5.99 0.083 * Mann-Whitney U Testi Results: We thought that imbalance of muscle strength in the wrist may have occurred because of the use of a WC and requiring the intensive wrist flexors in playing sports. In both groups wrist ekstansor muscles were found to be weaker than wrist flexors and flexor/extensor ratio was found to be imbalance. We believe that all athletes using WC such as WC table tennis and WC basketball players have a strenght imbalance in the muscle of the wrist and as a result, this situation will increase the possibility of injury. Therefore, our study showed that weakness of wrist extensors and imbalance of muscle stenght should be taken into account in WC athletes in athletic training and exercise programs.