Caio Augusto Martins Aires

Clonal Dissemination of OXA-370-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT Enzymes of the OXA-48 family have become some of the most important beta-lactamases in the world. A new OXA-48 variant (OXA-370) was first described for an Enterobacter hormaechei strain isolated in Rio Grande do Sul (southern region of Brazil) in 2013. Here we report detection of the blaOXA-370 gene in 24 isolates belonging to three Enterobacteriaceae species (22 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 1 Enterobacter cloacae isolate, and 1 Enterobacter aerogenes isolate) collected from five hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2013 and 2014. The isolates showed a multidrug resistance profile, and 12.5% were resistant to polymyxin B. Besides blaOXA-370, no other carbapenemase genes were observed by PCR, whereas blaOXA-1 was found in all isolates and 22 isolates (91.6%) possessed blaCTX-M-15. Molecular typing of the K. pneumoniae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed the presence of two clonal groups, i.e., KpA (21 isolates) and KpB (1 isolate). KpA was characterized as sequence type 16 (ST16) and KpB as ST1041 by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). ST16 has been observed for KPC-producing K. pneumoniae in Rio de Janeiro. Plasmid analysis performed with six representative OXA-370-producing isolates showed plasmids harboring the blaOXA-370 gene in all strains, ranging from 25 kb to 150 kb. This study suggests that there is an urgent need to investigate the presence of OXA-370 and dissemination of the K. pneumoniae ST16 clone carrying this gene in Brazil.

Emergence of the Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 Gene in Clinical KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 392 in Brazil

Caio Augusto Martins Aires,a Orlando Carlos da Conceição-Neto,a Thamirys Rachel Tavares e Oliveira,a Carolina Frizzera Dias,b Lara Feital Montezzi,c Renata Cristina Picão,c Rodolpho Mattos Albano,d Marise Dutra Asensi,a Ana Paula D’Alincourt Carvalho-Assefa Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar (LAPIH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazila; Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Hospital Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, Brazilb; Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica (LIMM), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazilc; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazild

mgrB Mutations Mediating Polymyxin B Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Rectal Surveillance Swabs in Brazil

ABSTRACT We aimed to investigate polymyxin B (PMB) resistance and its molecular mechanisms in 126 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from rectal swabs in Brazil. Ten isolates exhibited PMB resistance with interruption of mgrB gene by insertion sequences or missense mutations. Most of the PMB-resistant isolates harbored blaKPC-2 (n = 8) and belonged to clonal complex 258 (CC258) (n = 7). These results highlight the importance of monitoring the spread of polymyxin-resistant bacteria in hospitals, since few options remain to treat multidrug-resistant isolates.

Detection of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene in clinical KPC-2-producing Escherichia coli isolates in Brazil

This study reports the first detection of mcr-1 in KPC-2-producing clinical E. coli isolates in Brazil and emphasises the importance of microbiological and molecular surveillance to avoid the spread of these genes in this country. The detection of successful E. coli clones containing mcr-1 and β-lactamase genes in conjugative plasmids highlights a possible joint dissemination of colistin and carbapenem resistance in Brazilian hospitals, where KPC is already worrisome.

Early detection of OXA-370-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST17 co-harboring blaCTX-M-8 in Brazil

We aimed to describe an early detection of OXA-370-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brazil. The isolate CCBH10079 belonged to ST17 and the blaOXA-370 was located in a plasmid of ≅57kb.

Multiclonal Expansion of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Producing NDM-1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT We characterized NDM-1-producing Klebsiella isolates from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PCR was applied for resistance and virulence determinants. The genetic context of blaNDM was determined by S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and hybridization. Genotyping was performed by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Most isolates carried multiple resistance genes and remained susceptible to amikacin, fosfomycin-trometamol, polymyxin B, and tigecycline. The spread of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was not associated with clonal expansion and appears to be associated with Tn3000.

Detection of an NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter bereziniae strain in Brazil

This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and Oswaldo Cruz Institute (PAPES-FIOCRUZ).

Enterobacter cloacae harbouring blaKPC-2 and qnrB-1 isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient: a case report

We describe the first detection of a KPC-2- and QnrB-producing Enterobacter cloacae from a patient with cystic fibrosis. The blaKPC-2 and qnrB-1 genes were located in a 79.8-kb plasmid. The presence of blaKPC-2 and qnrB-1 genes was determined by PCR and sequencing. Mobilization of plasmid containing blaKPC2 gene was assayed by conjugation.

Genomic characterization of an extensively drug-resistant KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST855 (CC258) only susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam isolated in Brazil

In this study, we describe the genetic features of an XDR KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate by using whole-genome sequencing, its clinical-epidemiological context and susceptibility against antimicrobial combinations. The isolate belongs to clonal complex 258 and harbors several acquired genes and mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance.