Carlos A. Guzmán

Seed composition of soybean cultivars evaluated in different environmental regions

In Argentina, the soybean growing area comprises an extensive ecological region with great variations in environmental conditions. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of environment on some chemical parameters of soybeans grown in four geographic locations. Protein and oil contents ranged from 329 to 436 g kg−1 and from 198 to 267 g kg−1, respectively. Saturated fatty acids were relatively constant over regions, while significant variation was observed among environments for the unsaturated acids. There were significant varietal differences, but no important interaction of genotypes and environmental factors was observed. The results obtained are important for Argentinean farmers and will be used in soybean breeding programmes to obtain new genotypes with improved oil quality.

Volatile Constitutents of Four Lippia Species from Córdoba (Argentina)

ABSTRACT The volatile oils from four species of genus Lippia of the Verbenaceae family, Lippia turbinata, L. polystachya, L. junelliana and L. integrifolia have been examined by means of GC/MS and IR in combination with retention indices. The main constituents of the essential oil of L. turbinata were found to be α-thujone (28.29%), carvone (7.40%), β-caryophyllene (5.39%), germacrene-D (5.16%), bicyclogermacrene (4.53%), spathulenol (6.06%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.03%). The volatile oil of L. polystachya was found to contain α-thujone (68.94%) and carvone (10.34%) as major components. The oil from L. junelliana was characterized by the presence of large amounts of myrcenone (15.48%), myrcene (7.92%), limonene (9%), camphor (10.55%), (E)-tagetenone (6.30%), trans-dihydrocarvone (5.85%) and cis-dihydrocarvone (16.65%). The main components of the volatile oil of L. integrifolia were shown to be camphor (16.20%), africanene isomers (5.04%), lippifoli-l(6)-en-5-one (16.70%) and an unidentified component (1...

Antifungal properties of the leaf oils of Tagetes minuta L. and T. filifolia Lag

ABSTRACT Leaves of Tagetes minuta L. and T. filifolia Lag. were screened for their antifungal activity against Sclerotium cepivorum, Colletotrichum coccodes and Alternaria solani. Tagetes minuta and T. filifolia exhibited the strongest fungitoxicity by completely inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test pathogen. The fungitoxic constituents were isolated in the form of essential oils and were characterized by GC/MS. Two chemotypes (ocimene-rich and ocimenone-rich) of T. minuta and an (E)-anethole-rich chemotype of T. filifolia exhibited mycelial inhibition at 5000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 2000 ppm respectively

Proximate, Fatty Acid and Sterol Compositions of Aboriginal Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) Seeds from Bolivia

Oil, protein, ash, carbohydrate, iodine value, fatty acid and sterol compositions were studied in 46 aboriginal Arachis hypogaea cultivars originating from Bolivia. The oil and protein contents varied between 440 and 547 g kg -1 and 242 and 547 g kg -1 , respectively. Results showed a lower protein content in the variety hypogaea (264.4g kg -1 ) than in the varieties fastigiata (299.7 g kg-1) and peruviana (294 g kg -1 ). The carbohydrate content ranged between 86 and 216 g kg -1 . The principal fatty acids were oleic (358-536 g kg -1 ) and linoleic (250-462 g kg -1 ). The variety hypogaea exhibited higher concentrations of oleic acid (449.0 g kg -1 ). The sterol composition showed higher concentration of β-sitosterol (554-632 g kg -1 ) following by campesterol (139-180 g kg -1 ), stigma-sterol (82-130 g kg -1 ) and Δ 5 -avenasterol (86-138 g kg -1 ).

Essential oil variation in Tagetes minuta populations

Abstract The monoterpenes of Tagetes minuta from five populations growing in mountainous regions of Cordoba, Argentina, were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. Monoterpenes of T. minuta were composed mainly of ocimene, tagetone and tagetenone, collectively present in amounts of about 80%. Statistically significant variation was found among the populations for quantitative composition of all major monoterpenes.

Essential oil variability of Minthostachys verticillata

Abstract The leaf volatile constituents of Minthostachys verticillata from various phytogeographic areas of Argentina were steam distilled and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The composition of the oil was extremely variable from one population to another, leading to the conclusion that there are several chemotypes in this species. Thymol and carvacrol, which were absent in the oils of another populations previously reported, were the major components (> 10.0%) in the oils of Potrero and Sebastian populations (Catamarca). Pulegone was found in oils from Cordoba, San Luis, Catamarca (Balcosna population) and Tucuman (Potrero de las Tablas population) in high amounts (> 21.1%). A high percentage of carvone (35.2%) was found in the oil obtained from Rancho de la Cascade plants.

Composition of the Flower Oils of Some Lippia and Aloysia Species from Argentina

ABSTRACT The flower oils of Lippia junelliana, L. polystachya, L. integrifolia, L. turbinata, Aloysia triphylla and A. gratissima from Argentina were studied by GC/MS. The main constituents of the oils of L. turbinata and L. polystachya were found to be α-thujone (30.2% and 41.4% respectively). The oils from L. junelliana and A. triphylla were characterized by the presence of myrcenone (17.2% and 31.0% respectively). The main components of L. integrifolia oil were shown to be camphor (18.5%), lippifoli-l(6)-en-5-one ([4R, 9S, 10R]-4,7,7,10-tetramethyl tricyclo [4.4.0.19,10] undec-l-en-5-one) (18.9%) and limonene (13.3%). Pulegone (65.8%) was the main component of A. gratissima flower oil.

Composition of the Inflorescence Oils of Some Tagetes Species from Argentina

ABSTRACT Essential oils from the inflorescences of Tagetes argentina Cabr., T. terniflora H.B.K., T. laxa Cabr. and T. filifolia Lag. from Argentina were studied by GC/MS. The oils of T. argentina and T. laxa were found to be rich in (E)- and (Z)-tagetenone (<60.0%), while T. terniflora oil contained (Z)-tagetone (<68.2%) as major constituent. The oil of T. filifolia possessed a characteristic compoisition where (E)-anethole and methyl chavicol together accounted for more than 97% of the oil.

Fatty acid variation of runner peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) among geographic localities from Córdoba (Argentina)

Fatty acid compositions of runner peanuts were determined among fifteen geographic localities from Córdoba, Argentina. Significant differences were found within these fatty acid profiles. Samples from the Reducción zone had the best oleic-to-linoleic ratio and iodine value.

Chemotaxonomy of seed lipids of Cucurbitaceae grown in Argentina

Abstract Seed oils of 11 Curcurbitaceae species have been analyzed from a physical and chemical viewpoint. The percentages of oils in seeds and acidic compositions were determined. The fatty acids, as methyl esters, were studied by GLC and the resulting data were processed by a multivariate statistical analysis.