Carlos Enrrik Pedrosa

Influence of harvest time and cultivation sites on the productivity and quality of sweet potato

Sweet potato is one of the most cultivated tuberous roots in tropical and subtropical regions permitting several ways of use. Despite its potential use, sweet potato has been little studied. We evaluated the performance of sweet potato roots, forage productivity and its silage at different harvesting times and cultivation environments and we identified the most superior clones under different soil and climatic conditions. Six sweet potato clones (BD-38, BD-45, BD-25, BD-31TO, BD-15 and BD-08) belonging to germplasm bank of UFVJM in addition to two standard cultivars Brazlândia Rosada and Princesa were grown in two cultivation sites (JK campus and Forquilha farm). The trial was conducted in split plots in randomized block design with three harvest times (120, 150 and 180 days after planting). The mean root weight obtained from Forquilha farm was on average 30.2% higher than those obtained from JK campus. Regardless the site, harvesting at 150 days after planting was the optimal time for maximizing root production. The irregularity of root shape increased when the harvesting date was postpone, probably due to greater exposure to environmental factors. Crude protein, fibers, ash and starch, were not affected by local x cultivar interaction except for starch content that depended on the clone and site interaction.

Potencial de silagens de ramas de batata-doce para alimentação animal

The objective was to evaluate the potential of silage derived from different clones of sweet potato for animal feed. The study was conducted at Forquilha Farm located in Batatal district, MG Diamantina in the period from 23/12/2007 to 23/06/2008. The experiment was conducted in split plot design in a randomized complete block. It was evaluated the green and dry matter yield, the chemical composition and the fermentative profile of silage harvested on three dates (days 120, 150 and 180), of eight clones of sweet potato. The dry matter yield did not vary according to the harvest time of the branches, resulting in an average of 6.01t ha-1. The dry matter content in the stems increased with the growth cycle, and there are average levels of 11.94, 12.16 and 19.62% on days 120, 150 and 180 after cutting, respectively. The raw potato silage showed high protein content and adequate energy fermentation and therefore, potential for use in animal feed, regardless of clones.

Desempenho agronômico e parâmetros genéticos em genótipos de batata-doce

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronomico em genotipos de batata-doce e estimar parâmetros geneticos. O experimento foi composto por 65 variedades (clones do banco de germoplasma de batata-doce da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri), instalado num delineamento em blocos ao acaso com tres repeticoes e 15 plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas a produtividade de massa verde das ramas (MV), produtividade total das raizes (PT), peso medio das raizes totais (PMT), produtividade de raizes comerciais (PC), peso medio das raizes comerciais (PMC), formato das raizes (FORM) e resistencia a insetos (RI). Considerando-se os ganhos de selecao estimados para estas caracteristicas, infere-se que a selecao de clones pode levar a progressos geneticos significativos. Os caracteres PT, PMT, PC, e PMC estao positivamente correlacionados, logo, a selecao em qualquer um deles acarreta ganhos geneticos nos demais. A selecao para producao de raizes pode ser conduzida no carater PT, pois sua avaliacao e mais simples e correlaciona-se com a producao comercial, que e de maior importância. A selecao no carater MV promove aumento nas caracteristicas PMT e PMC e nao causa efeitos nas demais. Para a maioria das caracteristicas houve predominância dos efeitos ambientais sobre os geneticos. Os genotipos BD-15, BD-42 e BD-67 apresentaram melhor desempenho agronomico.

Divergência genética e importância de caracteres morfológicos em genótipos de couve

The morphological characterization of genotypes of kale is needed as well as the estimates of genetic divergence between them. We studied the morphological characters of kale genotypes originated from the germplasm bank of UFVJM, the genetic divergence among the genotypes and the importance of these characters in the estimates of divergence. The experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture of UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, using the randomized complete block design with four replications and thirty genotypes, consisting of five plants. Forty-four traits were evaluated on each plant for morphological evaluations. Some genotypes showed high genetic divergence, such as the genotypes UFLA-6 and 24-UFVJM, which were the most divergent compared to the others. Most of the genotypes, however, were similar to each other. It was also observed that there are important characteristics that can be used in the estimation of divergence.

Estudo da repetibilidade genética em clones de couve

During the growing season of cabbage, several harvests may be carried out. Thus, establishing the minimum number of measurements for a reliable selection of superior genotypes is necessary. This research aimed to estimate the minimum number of measurements for selecting cabbage clones with greater efficiency and reliability through the repeatability study. The experiment was carried out at Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri using randomized block design with 27 genotypes of cabbage, four replications and five individuals per plot. During 10 weeks we evaluated weekly the following parameters: plant height, stem diameter, length and width of the leaf blade, number of marketable leaves, number of total leaves and number of shoots. We used analysis of variance methods, principal components analysis and structural analysis in study of repeatability. The characteristics studied showed high values for estimating the coefficient of repeatability. Only three harvests are sufficient to permit reliable selection of the best genotypes for all traits.

Biometric evaluation of morpho-agronomic traits in pepper lines and hybrids

Hortic. bras., Brasília, v.36, n.3, July September 2018 P of the genus Capsicum are known worldwide for its pungency, with a great variety of color and shape, being consumed in several ways. The genus also has important characteristics to produce condiments, such as flavor and aroma (Alves, 2015). The species C. annuum presents a great deal of genetic variation, including sweet and spicy varieties, the species C. chinense is of great economic importance. Its diversity center is the Amazon basin region. Despite of the importance of these species, little information on morphological and productive traits, which meet industry needs, is available. As consequence, it is difficult to develop the industrial market, which is important for the national agriculture (Jarret & Berket, 2012). Some breeding programs have devoted efforts to obtain hybrids with resistance to diseases and superior agronomic traits (Fonseca, 2008), aiming to meet demands for fresh and processing consumption. Characterization of Capsicum species is of great interest for germplasm banks, since the great variability is not completely described yet (Sudré, 2010). Thus, we conclude that characterizing Capsicum genotypes, in order to enhance genetic improvement and release new cultivar of the genus, is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate lines and hybrids of pepper (C. chinense and C. annuum) aiming to obtain information on agronomic performance, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, phenotypic ANDRADE JÚNIOR, VC; PEDROSA, CE; MIRANDA, TG; VALADARES, NR; PEREIRA, SL; AZEVEDO, AM. 2018. Biometric evaluation of morphoagronomic traits in pepper lines and hybrids. Horticultura Brasileira 36: 357-361. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620180312

Longitudinal data assessment of global stability index in kale leaves

Kale plants are usually sold “in natura” in street markets and malls. Kale leaves can have their appearance compromised by dehydration and discoloration due to increased post-harvest time exposure. We aimed to analyze the Global Stability Index (GSI) in kale accessions by means of repeated measurement analysis and curve grouping as a complementary form of superior sample identification with regard to post-harvest preservation. Thirty kale accessions were evaluated using a randomized block design with four blocks and five plants per plot. Two commercial leaves per plant were collected, and kept on workbenches in the shade at a temperature of 18 ± 1 °C. Subsequently, the degrees of discoloration and dehydration, total chlorophyll content, and accumulated fresh mass loss were evaluated over a 15-day period. From these data, the GSI was calculated for each day of evaluation. In addition, using mixed models, thirteen co-variance structures were tested. For graphical analysis, thirteen linear and non-linear models were assessed followed by curve grouping using multivariate analysis. The GSI was efficient for differentiating accessions, which became an important tool in post-harvest studies. GSI values were not equally correlated, therefore the use of mixed models became an important approach. The unstructured matrix was the best fit to model the dependence of error. The Melow I model was the best fit for studying the GSI. The accessions UFVJM-10, UFLA-1, COM-1, UFVJM-32, COM-3, UFVJM-8, UFVJM-36 and UFVJM-24, belonging to 3 and 5 clusters, are recommended for crop cultivation and as parental material in breeding programs.

Yield and quality of wilted sweet potato vines and its silages

Sweet potato is widely used for human consumption, but has also potential for its use in animal feeding. In this study we evaluated yield and quality as forage of wilted vines of various sweet potato genotypes and selected the most suitable for silage. Fifteen genotypes were evaluated (BD-31TO, BD-26, BD-13, BD-17, BD-22, BD-24, BD-54, BD-56, BD-69, BD-43, BD-44, BD-46, BD-52, BD-35, and cultivar Brazlândia Rosada), in a randomized complete blocks design, with three replications. At harvest we determined the yield of fresh matter and subsequently dry matter of vines. After 190 days of ensilage, we determined the concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fiber, lignin, ash, soluble carbohydrates in both vines and its silages; buffering and fermentative capacities of vines, and pH of silages. Genotypes BD-13, BD-17, BD-54, BD-56, BD-43, BD-44, BD-46, and BD-52 showed medium to high yield of fresh and dry matter. There were significant differences among genotypes in all studied bromatological characteristics, except for carbohydrate concentrations in wilted vines and their silages. Considering wilted vines, genotypes BD-26, BD-13, BD-56, BD-46, BD-35 and cultivar Brazlândia Rosada were those with the most suitable bromatological composition for animal feeding. Genotype BD-56 was the most appropriate for silage production.