Carlos Juliano Brant Albuquerque

Crescimento, teor e composição do óleo essencial de melissa cultivada sob malhas fotoconversoras

The use of color shading nets for cultivation of some ornamentals and vegetables has become common. Thus, observing the great influence of the solar radiation on the plant physiology, the objective of this research was to evaluate the the quantity and quality effects of spectral light transmitted through color shading nets (Chromatinet®) in Melissa officinalis L., including physiological aspects as:growth ,content and chemistry composition. Four treatments and five replications were disposed in a completely randomized design, being each experimental unit composed by four pots (one plant per pot). The treatments were lemon balms plants cultivated under full sunshine, black shading net (50%), red shading net (50%) and blue shading net (50%). The characteristics evaluated were: plants height; dry phytomass of leaves, stems, aerial part, roots and total; root/aerial part ratio; total leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf weight ratio; specific leaf area; content, yield and composition of the essential oil. The utilization of nets favored the growth organs dry phytomass yield, independently of the color, in comparison with total sun light. Plants under red shading had lower content of essential oil and yield, but they showed the higher content of citral.

Desempenho de híbridos experimentais e comerciais de milho para produção de milho verde

Conduziu-se este trabalho com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de 32 hibridos experimentais e 4 hibridos comerciais para producao de milho verde em Lavras, MG. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com duas repeticoes. Foram avaliadas sete caracteristicas de interesse agronomico e comercial para a producao de milho verde. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a analise de variância, decompondo o efeito dos hibridos em hibridos comerciais, hibridos experimentais e hibridos comerciais versus hibridos experimentais. Foram feitos ainda estudos de correlacao entre as diferentes caracteristicas agronomicas dos hibridos. Entre os hibridos avaliados ha hibridos experimentais promissores com desempenho superior a hibridos comerciais amplamente utilizados no Brasil. Considerando as caracteristicas avaliadas, os hibridos AG 1051, AG 4051, GNS 03, GNS 21, GNS 23 e GNS 35 foram os mais promissores. E possivel reduzir o numero de caracteristicas avaliadas em experimentos com milho verde, uma vez que existem associacoes entre as principais caracteristicas avaliadas para essa finalidade. A produtividade de espigas empalhadas e despalhadas e a cor dos graos sao caracteristicas imprescindiveis nessa avaliacao.

Índice de seleção e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos para características relacionadas com a produção de milho-verde

O Brasil e um dos maiores produtores de milho do mundo e possui grande potencial para a producao de milho verde. Alem de agregar valor ao produto, a comercializacao de milho verde cresceu muito nos ultimos anos. Ha escassez de informacoes sobre a avaliacao e a obtencao de cultivares destinadas a producao de milho-verde e tambem sobre estudos geneticos das caracteristicas envolvidas nessa producao. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estimar parâmetros geneticos e fenotipicos, a correlacao genetica, classificar e identificar hibridos de milho verde promissores ao mercado consumidor e avaliar a eficiencia dos pesos economicos atribuidos. Os resultados determinaram que a selecao tera sucesso, para as diferentes caracteristicas de milho-verde, pois, a herdabilidade foi de alta magnitude para as caracteristicas avaliadas. A avaliacao da produtividade de espigas empalhadas (PEE) e suficiente para definir quais os hibridos apresentam o melhor desempenho para a produtividade de espigas comerciais (PEC), diâmetro (DIAM) e comprimento de espigas (COMP). Isso indica que as caracteristicas PEC, DIAM e COMP podem ser descartadas da avaliacao em programas de melhoramento de milho-verde. Os hibridos HS48, HS27, HS24, HS25, HS12 e HS45 acumularam um maior numero de caracteristicas desejadas em um unico genotipo, com base no indice de selecao baseado na soma de postos, sendo os mais promissores para a producao de milho-verde. Os pesos economicos utilizados foram capazes de distinguir e identificar os hibridos mais promissores para a producao de milho- verde e podem ser utilizados como criterio de selecao em programas de melhoramento de milho-verde.

Espaçamento e densidade de semeadura para cultivares de sorgo granífero no semiárido

There is little information about sorghum management in semiarid areas. Therefore, three row spacing and three sowing den- sities of sorghum grain cultivars were evaluated during two crop seasons, in the North of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In each season, two experiments were carried out on contiguous areas, adopting 50 cm, 70 cm and 90 cm as row spacing in the first one and three sowing densities (100000, 140000, 180000 plants ha -1 ) in the second one. In both experiments, four cultivars were evaluated: SHS400, 1G220, BRS310 and 0992045. The experimental design was in random blocks, in 3 x 4 factorial schemes, with three repetitions. Reduction in row spacing promotes increases in grain and panicles productivity of grain sor- ghum. The viability of increasing sowing density depends on cultivar and row spacing and of climatic conditions prevailing in cropping year. The BRS310 and 1G220 cultivars are promising for grain production in the North of Minas Gerais State.

Teores do óleo essencial de cidrão [Aloysia triphylla (L'Hérit) Britton (Verbenaceae)] em diferentes horários de colheita e processamentos pós-colheita

This study was carried out in order to evaluate the essential oil content of lemon verbena at different harvest times and post-harvest processings. The experimental design used was completely randomized. The harvested material was collected at three different hours (8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 pm), and it was taken three times. In post-harvest processings, three replications and five treatments were us do: 1 cm fresh leaf fragments, blended fresh leaves, whole fresh leaves, whole dry leaves and dry leaves ground in mill. The essential oil was determined in Clevengers modified apparatus for 1 hour and 30 minutes. The periods of the day that detected high essential oil content were at 8:00 am and 16:00 pm. The high essential oil level was in 1 cm fresh leaf fragments, blender processed fresh leaves, whole fresh leaves and whole dry leaves.

Obesity and malnutrition similarly alter the renin–angiotensin system and inflammation in mice and human adipose

The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic profile, inflammatory markers and the gene expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in the visceral adipose tissue of eutrophic, obese and malnourished individuals and mice models of obesity and food restriction. Male Swiss mice were divided into eight groups and fed different levels of food restriction (20%, 40%, or 60%) using standard or high-fat diet. Metabolic profile and adipose tissues were assessed. The expression of AGT (Angiotensinogen), ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme), ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the mice epididymal adipose tissue and the human visceral adipose tissue was assessed. The main findings showed reduced body weight, improved metabolism, decreased adipose tissues weight and reduced adipocyte area in mice submitted to food restriction. Diminished expression of IL-6, TNF-α, AGT, AT1 and ACE was detected in the 20% and 40% food restriction animal groups, although they were increased in the 60% malnourished group. Increased expression of IL-6, TNF-α, AGT and ACE in obese and malnourished individuals was observed. Adipocytes size was increased in obese individuals and reduced in malnutrition. In conclusion, we found that food restriction of 20% and 40% improved the metabolic profile, ameliorated the inflammatory status and down-regulated the RAS in mice. Severe 60% food restriction (malnutrition), however, stimulated a proinflammatory state and increased AGT and ACE expression in the adipose tissue of mice. A similar profile was observed in the adipose tissue of obese and malnourished humans, supporting the critical role of inflammation and RAS as mediators of metabolic disorders.

Espaçamento entre fileiras e densidade de semeadura do sorgo forrageiro para a região norte de Minas Gerais

Em razao da sua resistencia a seca, o sorgo forrageiro na forma de silagem e considerado um dos cultivos mais comuns para a alimentacao de ruminantes em propriedades da regiao Norte de Minas Gerais. Para um melhor manejo cultural do sorgo, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar tres densidades de plantas e tres espacamentos entre fileiras na condicao climatica do semiarido. Para isso, foram conduzidos experimentos, em dois anos agricolas. Em cada ano foram instalados experimentos em areas contiguas, utilizando se, respectivamente, os espacamentos entre linhas de 50 cm, 70 cm e 90 cm. Cada experimento foi conduzido sob o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com tres repeticoes, sendo quatro cultivares e tres densidades de semeadura. A viabilidade da reducao do espacamento entre fileiras no sorgo forrageiro e dependente da cultivar em funcao da condicao climatica. O aumento da densidade de semeadura proporciona reducao na produtividade de materia seca.

Agronomic characteristics and macronutrient export of grain sorghum hybrids from different sowing dates

Brazilian off-season cropping is increasing the production of cereals, particularly in the Brazilian savannah. Sorghum has been widely used for its grain production capacity and dry matter. Several hybrids are commercially available, each with its own peculiar nutrient absorption capacity. Thus, this study analyzed the agronomic characteristics and nutrient exportation in grain sorghum hybrids sown on different dates. The experiment was conducted at the Paulista Agency Regional Center of Agricultural Technology (APTA) in the city of Votuporanga, Sao Paulo. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications and 4 hybrids. Sorghum hybrids (50A10, 50A50, BUSTER and 1G282) were the different treatments sown on four different dates, beginning with February 26, 2013, with the other dates 17, 30 and 41 days after the first sowing (DAFS). Each sowing date was considered an individual experiment and, subsequently, grouped for analysis to compare characteristics. Macronutrient content in the grain, one thousand grain weight, productivity and exportation of macronutrients (kg ha-1) by grains in the area were evaluated. The productivity of the sorghum hybrids varied depending on the sowing dates. The one thousand grain mass of the sorghum hybrids varied depending on the sowing dates. The average exportation of macronutrients by sorghum grains is as follows, in decreasing order: N> K> P>Ca> Mg> S. The mean values of macronutrient accumulation needed to produce one ton of sorghum grains are as follows: 20.05 kg N, 3.33 kg P, 3.70 kg K, 3.49 kg Ca, 1.77 kg Mg, and 0.72 kg S.