Carlos Prentice

Hydrolysis of insoluble fish protein residue from whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) by fungi

A significant amount of insoluble fibrous protein, in the form of feather, hair, scales, skin and others are available as co-products of agro industrial processing. These wastes are rich in keratin and collagen. This study evaluated different fungi for the hydrolysis of insoluble fish protein residues. Proteins resulting from Micropogonias furnieri wastes through pH-shifting process were dried and milled for fermentation for 96 h. This resulted the production of keratinolytic enzymes in the medium. Trichoderma sp. on alkaline substrate (28.99 U mL-1) and Penicillium sp. on acidic substrate (31.20 U mL-1) showed the highest proteolytic activities. Penicillium sp. showed the largest free amino acid solubilization (0.146 mg mL-1) and Fusarium sp. the highest protein solubilization (6.17 mg mL-1).

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity In Vitro and in Hippocampal HT-22 Cells System of Protein Hydrolysates of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) By-Product

ABSTRACT Fish processing by-products may become more than 50% of the starting material. If mismanaged, these large quantities of discarded fish can create serious pollution problems and can also generate cost associated with their disposal. Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the techniques that is currently being developed in order to recover and add value to these biomolecules. There is an increasing interest in natural antioxidants that are safer for consumers compared with synthetic antioxidants. In this study, common carp by-product was hydrolyzed using the enzymes Alcalase (A) and Protamex (P) to reach degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of 10 and 15%, respectively. Antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP); 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging; and the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration after exposure to common carp protein hydrolysates were investigated. The results revealed that the hydrolysate A15 exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical. A15 showed the highest in vitro antioxidant competence against peroxyl radicals, whereas P15 showed the lowest activity against peroxyl radicals (p < 0.05). Hydrolysates having the highest and the lowest in vitro antioxidant activity (A15 and P15, respectively) were selected for the determination of antioxidant activity in the HT-22 cells system. Measurement of intracellular ROS concentration revealed that P15 at the concentration of 1.25 mg/mL significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the intracellular ROS concentration. These results showed that common carp by-product protein hydrolysates are a source of antioxidant peptides with a high potential for food and pharmaceutical industries to develop new nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Peptides from Fish By-product Protein Hydrolysates and Its Functional Properties: an Overview

The inadequate management of fish processing waste or by-products is one of the major problems that fish industry has to face nowadays. The mismanagement of this raw material leads to economic loss and environmental problems. The demand for the use of these by-products has led to the development of several processes in order to recover biomolecules from fish by-products. An efficient way to add value to fish waste protein is protein hydrolysis. Protein hydrolysates improve the functional properties and allow the release of peptides of different sizes with several bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, or antihyperglycemic among others. This paper reviews different methods for the production of protein hydrolysates as well as current research about several fish by-products protein hydrolysates bioactive properties, aiming the dual objective: adding value to these underutilized by-products and minimizing their negative impact on the environment.

Biofilmes nanocompósitos obtidos de isolado proteico de corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) e Montmorilonita: avaliação das propriedades físicas, mecânicas e de barreira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades de biofilmes nanocompositos de isolado proteico de corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) com argila organofilica. Inicialmente, foi obtido isolado proteico de corvina (IPC) utilizando-se o processo de mudanca de pH. O IPC foi obtido a partir de subprodutos da industrializacao de corvina. Para o desenvolvimento dos filmes, foi executado um planejamento experimental de Box e Behnken, com tres niveis de IPC (2; 3,5; 5 g.100 g-1 de solucao), argila montmorilonita MMT (0,3; 0,5; 0,7 g.100 g-1 de solucao) e glicerol (25, 30, 35 g.100 g-1 IPC). Os filmes polimericos foram desenvolvidos pela tecnica de casting. Os valores de resistencia a tracao variaram entre 7,2 e 10,7 MPa, e os valores de alongamento, de 39,6 a 45,8%. Os valores de permeabilidade ao vapor de agua (PVA) variaram entre 3,2 e 5,5 g mm m-2 d-1kPa-1. O IPC apresentou teor medio de proteina de 97,87% (b. s.). Pode-se concluir que os filmes nanocompositos produzidos a partir de IPC com MMT foram promissores, desde o ponto de vista das propriedades mecânicas, da aparencia visual e do facil manuseio ate a baixa permeabilidade ao vapor de agua e a baixa solubilidade. Com relacao as propriedades mecânicas, as concentracoes de IPC e MMT foram os principais fatores que influenciaram o desenvolvimento dos filmes nanocompositos. Os resultados obtidos no planejamento experimental utilizado indicaram que 3,5 g de IPC.100 g-1 de solucao, 0,5 g de MMT.100 g-1 de solucao e 30 g de glicerol.100 g-1 IPC seriam os parâmetros ideais para a preparacao de filmes nanocompositos por casting.

Water-uptake properties of a fish protein-based superabsorbent hydrogel chemically modified with ethanol

Hydrophilic polymers can form hydrogels, which are able to absorb and retain as much water as one hundred times their weight. Polymers based on natural products have been drawing attention since they are biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic. The aims of this study were to produce and to characterize a biopolymer with superabsorbent properties from fish protein isolates. Hydrogels were produced from protein isolates from Whitemouth croaker processing wastes chemically modified. The extension of change in lysine residues, kinetics in water-uptake capacity, pH effect, ionic strength over the absorption of water by hydrogels and the behavior of the biopolymer when subject to successive hydration and dehydrations were investigated. Results showed that acid modified protein without ethanol treatment reached a maximum absorption of 103.25 gwater/gdry gel, while the same sample modified with ethanol reached 216.05 gwater/gdry gel.

Nanocomposites films obtained from protein isolates of mechanically deboned chicken meat added with montmorillonite

The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of nanocomposite films of protein isolates from mechanically deboned chicken meat with organoclay (montmorillonite). For the film development, a 23 experimental design was performed with three levels, protein isolate (2, 3.5, 5 g.100 mL-1 of solution), montmorillonite (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 g.100mL-1 of solution) and glycerol (25, 30, 35 g.100 mL-1 CPI). The tensile strength varied between 6.7 and 9.1 MPa, elongation to break from 26-66%, opacity of 13.1 to 35.7 and solubility from 38.5% to 81.8%. Assessing the structural properties, interleaving of the isolate and montmorillonite can be noted. The results obtained in the experimental design indicate that 2.0 g of CPI.100 g-1 of solution, 0.8 g of MMT.100 g-1of solution and 0.2 g of glicerol.100 g-1CPI are the ideal parameters for preparing nanocomposite films.

Avaliação do processamento a baixas temperaturas do óleo de fígado de Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)

The demand for edible fish oils is growing. In Alaska, USA, large quantities of fishery byproducts are being used as raw materials, amongst which, Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) livers are of particular interest due to their high lipid contents. The temperature normally used for the extraction of fish oils is high and potentially incompatible with lipid stability. The goal of this research was to evaluate the processing of Alaska pollock liver oil, processed at low temperatures. As expected, the raw material obtained in the spring (40%) had significantly less lipids than that obtained in the autumn (50%). The liver oils were rendered five times for each of four combinations of time (15 and 30 minutes) and temperature (50 and 60 oC). Two batches of liver and viscera pollock oils produced on a processing ship were analyzed. The process yields were similar (~52%), and in general, the liver oils produced were lighter and more yellowish in colour than those produced from the pollock viscera in the autumn. The free fatty acid levels were similar for the viscera and liver oils produced in both seasons, reaching a maximum of 0.4%, while the peroxide values, anisidine values and thiobarbituric acid values determined for all the oils were 2-14 meq.kg-1, 20-26 and 0.4-0.6 mg malonic dialdehyde.kg-1, respectively. All the oils investigated were composed mainly of triacylglycerols (88-100%), with the phosphorus content not exceeding, on average, 15 ppm.