Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves

Método do Perfil Cultural para avaliação do estado físico de solos em condições tropicais

A new approach is discussed for adoption of criteria in the application of the cultural profile methodology for tropical soil conditions. The evolution of this methodology has been analyzed since its beginning in France in the 1960s, until its proposal for tropical soil management studies. The cultural profile approach can be used to make qualitative diagnosis of the physical state of soil in the field, as well as to help with soil sampling, to study the effect of agricultural machinery, to visualize the physical, chemical and biological soil interactions, and to help with the studies of contraction, expansion, and shearing in the field and in the structural organization of soils and root system analyses.

Level of nitrate in lettuce cultivated in hydroponic and conventional systems

O monitoramento do teor de nitrato nos alimentos e importante, uma vez que poderao ser formados compostos prejudiciais a saude humana e animal apos sua ingestao. Com o objetivo de avaliar o teor de nitrato presente em alface, foram coletadas e analisadas as folhas de alface crespa comercializada no Municipio de Londrina, cultivada em sistemas hidroponico e convencional. Os valores encontrados variaram entre 26 e 2.568 mg.kg-1 de peso fresco, sendo que as plantas cultivadas em sistema hidroponico apresentaram teores superiores em relacao as cultivadas em sistema convencional, porem abaixo do limite maximo de nitrato permitido para alface, na Europa.

INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING PRODUCTION METHOD ON THE ROOT SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK WATTLE TREES

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root system distribution of three-year-old black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) trees. The plants were originated from seedlings grown in different containers and planted in an Argisol in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The containers used for seedling production were: wood laminated pots, round plastic tubettes and styrofoam trays. The evaluations were carried out using the trench profile method up to 1 m depth on tree rows and inter-rows. The following soil analyses were also carried out: bulk density, total porosity and pore distribution. The type of container used influenced the development of the root system of trees on the field. Wood laminated pots were better than the round tubettes for root length in the tree rows. The roots developed better on the tree rows where soil density and porosity conditions were more adequate.

Efeitos de substratos e recipientes utilizados na produção das mudas sobre a arquitetura do sistema radicular de árvores de cácia-negra

RESUMO – O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a arquitetura do sistema radicular de arvores de acacianegra (Acacia mearnsii) aos tres anos apos o plantio, em razao da combinacao de oito tipos de recipientes e seis misturas de substratos usados na producao das mudas, levando-se em consideracao atributos quimicos e fisicos do solo. As arvores foram plantadas no municipio de Cristal (RS), em solo Podzolico Vermelho Escuro, que apresentou alta densidade, baixo pH e excesso de aluminio. O tratamento que teve maior desenvolvimento radicular foi o fertil-pot, com substrato constituido por solo adubado, que diferiu estatisticamente dos tratamentos tubete redondo, com solo adubado + casca de acacia esgotada + vermiculita; paper pot, com solo adubado e laminado acondicionado em caixas de madeira, com solo adubado. O desenvolvimento e arquitetura das raizes no campo foram afetado pelo recipiente, mas nao pelo substrato utilizado na fase de viveiro.

Efeito do manejo do solo e da matéria orgânica solúvel em água quente na estabilidade de agregados de um latossolo argiloso

It was studied the aggregate stability of an oxisol maintained with vegetation of native forest; annual crops for 20 years; a citrus orchard mantained during 9 years with permanent ground cover of Arachis prostrata Bong. Ex Benth.; or permanent spontaneous vegetation (mainly gramineous) controlled by mowing (3-4 times in the rain period of rains) and tillage (once a year in the dry period); or bare soil maintained by manual weeding. The aggregate stability was determined in samples submitted or not to treatment to remove hot water soluble organic matter. The forest vegetation provided larger stability followed by the orchard submitted to the permanent covering with leguminous or gramineous plants. Extraction of hot-water soluble carbon did not cause significant differences in aggregate stability, although there has been a significant correlation between hot water soluble carbon and soil aggregation.

Matéria seca, carbono e nitrogênio de raízes de soja e milho em plantio direto e convencional

The objective of this work was to examine whether soil tillage systems affect the distribution and accumulation of dry matter (DM), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of root systems of soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) in a clayey Typic Haplorthox. Volumetric rings were used for root sampling down to 1 m depth. The distribution in depth and accumulation of DM, C and N of soybean and corn roots were not affected by soil tillage systems. Root length density was 0.7-1.4 cm cm-3 for soybean and 1.2-1.6 cm cm-3 for corn in the 0-0.10 m layer and decreased in the other layers. Root DM input was 1.94-2.01 Mg ha-1 in soybean and 2.50-3.79 Mg ha-1 in corn. For soybean, C and N root inputs were 0.61-0.63 Mg ha-1 and 36.9-38.2 kg ha-1, respectively. For corn, C and N root inputs were 0.72-1.10 Mg ha-1 and 18.78-28.48 kg ha-1, respectively. Independently of the tillage system, 80% of the roots were concentrated in the upper surface layer 0.43 to 0.54 m deep for soybean and in the upper surface layer 0.40 to 0.46 m deep for corn.

Sistema radicular de plantas cítricas e atributos físicos do solo em um Latossolo argiloso submetido à escarificação

The work had as objective to evaluate the influence of the scarification on physical attributes of the soil and on the distribution of the root system of Rangpur lemon budded with the ‘Pera’ orange. Four trenches were digged for each treatment (inter-row scarified and inter-row not scarified) The distribution of the roots in the row and inter-row were evaluated down to 1.0 m depth with the SIARCS 3.0 software (Sistema Integrado de Analise de Raizes e Cobertura do Solo). The total porosity and soil bulk density were evaluated in three depths (0.000-0.125; 0.125-0.250 and 0.25-0.375 m) in three sites: row, inter-row and limit of the tree canopy in the interrow. Three years after scarification there were no differences among treatments for soil total porosity and bulk density on inter-rows and for the amount of roots of all depths and sites.

PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS HÍBRIDOS DE MARACUJAZEIRO-AMARELO NO NORTE DO PARANÁ

ABSTRACTNowadays there are fourteen cultivars of yellow passion fruit on the National Register of Cultivars of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. The improvement of plant breeding in this crop is of great importance to provide new cultivars adapted to the producing regions. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the production and fruit quality of thirteen hybrids of yellow passion fruit plants grown in the northern Parana. The evaluations were performed during two cycles of crop production from April to July 2009 and from January to July 2010 with weekly harvests of ripe fruits. The production was determined by weighing the total output and counting the number of fruits per plant. The evaluated quality characteristics of the fruits were: weight, length, diameter, diameter/length ratio, thickness, pulp yield, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA ) and TSS/TTA ratio. Hybrids ‘66’ and ‘65’ respectively showed the highest yield and greatest number of fruits in the accumulated of the two crops. The fruits of the hybrid ‘72’ stood out on desirable quality characteristics for fresh consumption, while the hybrid ‘69’ showed important features for the juice industry.

Enraizamento de estacas herbáceas dos porta-enxertos de videira Campinas (IAC 766) e Jales (IAC) 572 em diferentes substratos

This research was an attempt to evaluate the herbaceous cutting rooting of two vine rootstocks (‘Campinas’ - IAC 766 and ‘Jales’ - IAC 572) on three types of plant growth medium (hull rice coal, vermiculite - small granules and vermiculite - medium granules). Cuttings were taken from a virus-free stock plant, through the removal of green branches. Firstly, preparation of cuttings consisted on the elimination of the leaves of the basal portion, leaving one leaf in the superior part of each one. After that, the cuttings were placed in plastic boxes containing different types of growth medium on mist chamber. A randomized design was used as statistical model with 6 treatments and 5 replications. Each plot was composed of 10 cuttings. Once the proper rooting was observed, the effect of roostock and growth medium was evaluated. It was possible to conclude that: a) the average porcentage of rooted rootstocks on the different growth medium is high (90%); b) hull rice coal provides the best results for cutting rooting for both rootstocks; and c) ‘Campinas’ rootstock is superior than ‘Jales’ regarding the number of roots per cutting and the root system weight.

Comparison of citrus rooting evaluation methods using root images in soil profiles and root weight

Com o objetivo de comparar metodos de estudo do sistema radicular em citros, foram tomadas, em video, imagens de raizes situadas em um perfil de solo, e as mesmas raizes foram coletadas e pesadas. As raizes presentes nas imagens foram quantificadas (comprimento e area) por meio do programa SIARCS, desenvolvido pela Embrapa. A area do perfil analisada foi delimitada por aneis de ferro, que tambem foram utilizados para retirar as raizes para a determinacao do peso seco. O comprimento e a area de raizes, determinados por imagens digitalizadas, forneceram uma boa estimativa da quantidade de raizes presentes no perfil.